The feasibility of Clostridium botulinum toxin type D as a novel biological rodenticide to control plateau zokors was explored. In this study, Horn’s method was used to determine the gavage LD50 of C. botulinum toxin type D to plateau zokors. Modified Karber metho was employed to determine the oral LD50 of granular and wheat baits. Results showed that the gavage LD50 was 5840 MLD/kg (the reliable line is 3430–9950 MLD/kg) and the oral LD50 values of granular and wheat baits were 0.8339 and 1.319 g/kg, respectively, which indicated that plateau zokors are sensitive to this toxin. The palatability of wheat and homemade granular baits to plateau zokors was measured. Selective feeding coefficients were 1.33 and 1.10, whereas nonselective feeding coefficients were 0.81 and 0.60, respectively. A plot experiment of different toxin concentrations to kill zokors showed that homemade granular bait (10000 MLD/g) had the best effect. The average efficiency rate was 89.83%. This study showed the feasibility of controlling plateau zokors by using botulinum toxin type D.
| Published in | Animal and Veterinary Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.avs.20190702.12 |
| Page(s) | 40-45 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Clostridium Botulinum Toxin Type D, Rodent Control, Plateau Zokor, LD50
| [1] | National Technical Supervision Bureau. Acute oral toxicity test. Pesticide registration toxicology test method (GB15670-1995), 1-2. |
| [2] | Yang Shihong.The method of LD50 fast calculation for median lethal dose [J]. Journal of Hygiene Research, 1974, 3 (5): 73-78. |
| [3] | WANG Shi-ping. Vegetation degradation and protection strategy in the “three rivers fountain head” area in the Qinghai province [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica. 2003, Vol. 12 No. 6: 1-9. |
| [4] | ZHOU Li- zhi, LI Di- qian, WANG Xiu- lei, MA Qiang.Sanjiangyuan Reserve's rodent pests, their damage to frigid meadows and the control strategies. Journal of Anhui University Natural Science Edition. June 2002. Vol. 26 No. 2. |
| [5] | XU Shi xiao, ZHAO Xin quan, SUN Ping, et al. The situation of the grassland rodent harm and measures of Eliminationin in the Qinghai province [J]. Ecology of Domestic Animal, 2002, Vol. 2 No. 23: 47-49. |
| [6] | FAN Nai-chang, SHI Yin-zhun. A revision of the Zokors of subgenus Eospalax [J]. Acta theriologica Sinica. 1982. Vol. 2 No. 2: 183-199. |
| [7] | ZHANG Sheng-he et al. Status of controlling rondents in the Qinghai province [J]. Qinghai Prataculture. 2001. Vol. 6 No. 2: 22-24. |
| [8] | ZHANG Gui-fang. Comprehensive prevention and control method of farmland rodents in Qinghai Province [J]. Qinghai Agro-tech Nologyextenszopr, 2003 .3: 36-37 |
| [9] | YUAN Qing-hua, ZHANG Wei-guo, HE Chun-gui. Forage pests and rats pest control technology. Chemical Industry Press, 2004, 3 (1): 346-349. |
| [10] | YAN Gao-feng, ZHANG Xi-yun, LU Yan. progress of deratization study on clostridium Botulinum toxin[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2011, 6 (18): 55-58. |
| [11] | WANG Yin-chun et al. solation and identification of a strain of Clostridium botulinum type D [J]. ACTA Microbiological Sinica. 1987, 27 (4): 369. |
| [12] | ZHANG Sheng-ming, LI Gui-zh, YANG Jia-hua et al. Diagnosis of type D botulism of sheep [J]. Chinese Journal of Infectious Diseases of Livestock. 1990. Vol. 55No. 6. |
| [13] | Kathryn Turton, Chaddock J A Acharya K R. Botulinum and tetanus neurotoxin: structure, function and therapeutic utility [J]. rends in Biochemiccal Sciences, 2002, 27 (11): 552-558. |
| [14] | Hanson M A, Stevens R C. Cocrystal structure of synaptobrevin-II bound to botulinum neurotoxin type B at 2.0 Angstrom resolution [J]. Nat Struct Biol, 2000, 7 (8): 687-692. |
| [15] | Sheridan R E，Deshpande S S, Nicholson J D, et al. Structural feature of aminoquinolines necessary for antagonist activity against botulinum neurotoxin [J]. Toxicon, 1997, 35 (9): 1439-1451. |
| [16] | ZHANG Xiyun, LI Shengqing,LIU Shengqing et al. Sensitivity test of D-type botulinum rodenticides to rodent natural enemies, black vulture and other animals [J]. Sichuan Grassland, 2005, 03: 26-28. |
| [17] | HUANG Yangan, ZHAO fang, ZHANG Tongzuo, et al. Variation of a Botulinum Neurotoxin type D Resistance related gene VAMP1in 5 Rodent species endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau [J]. Chinese Journal of Zoology. 2017, 52 (1): 42-48. |
| [18] | DENG Xinling, XU Gaowei, LIU Wei, et al. Density of Myospalax baileyi and Effects of Attractant and Compound Poison Bait with D- type Kreotoxin [J]. Sichuan Journal of Zoology. 2017, 36 (2): 203-207. |
| [19] | ZHAO Qin, WANG Ju-mei, SUN Wei-qin. New Techniques for Control of Rat Rodents on Grassland in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau [J]. SME Management and Technology, 2012. (05): 196-197. |
APA Style
Shengqing Li, Xiyun Zhang, Huaixi Liu, Tongzuo Zhang, Guoyuan Hu, et al. (2019). Application of Clostridium Botulinum Toxin Type D to Control Plateau Zokors in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Pastoral Areas. Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 7(2), 40-45. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20190702.12
ACS Style
Shengqing Li; Xiyun Zhang; Huaixi Liu; Tongzuo Zhang; Guoyuan Hu, et al. Application of Clostridium Botulinum Toxin Type D to Control Plateau Zokors in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Pastoral Areas. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2019, 7(2), 40-45. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20190702.12
AMA Style
Shengqing Li, Xiyun Zhang, Huaixi Liu, Tongzuo Zhang, Guoyuan Hu, et al. Application of Clostridium Botulinum Toxin Type D to Control Plateau Zokors in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Pastoral Areas. Anim Vet Sci. 2019;7(2):40-45. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20190702.12
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.avs.20190702.12,
author = {Shengqing Li and Xiyun Zhang and Huaixi Liu and Tongzuo Zhang and Guoyuan Hu and Zhining Li and Tingting Wang and Rong Huang and Yanming Zhang},
title = {Application of Clostridium Botulinum Toxin Type D to Control Plateau Zokors in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Pastoral Areas},
journal = {Animal and Veterinary Sciences},
volume = {7},
number = {2},
pages = {40-45},
doi = {10.11648/j.avs.20190702.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20190702.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.avs.20190702.12},
abstract = {The feasibility of Clostridium botulinum toxin type D as a novel biological rodenticide to control plateau zokors was explored. In this study, Horn’s method was used to determine the gavage LD50 of C. botulinum toxin type D to plateau zokors. Modified Karber metho was employed to determine the oral LD50 of granular and wheat baits. Results showed that the gavage LD50 was 5840 MLD/kg (the reliable line is 3430–9950 MLD/kg) and the oral LD50 values of granular and wheat baits were 0.8339 and 1.319 g/kg, respectively, which indicated that plateau zokors are sensitive to this toxin. The palatability of wheat and homemade granular baits to plateau zokors was measured. Selective feeding coefficients were 1.33 and 1.10, whereas nonselective feeding coefficients were 0.81 and 0.60, respectively. A plot experiment of different toxin concentrations to kill zokors showed that homemade granular bait (10000 MLD/g) had the best effect. The average efficiency rate was 89.83%. This study showed the feasibility of controlling plateau zokors by using botulinum toxin type D.},
year = {2019}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Application of Clostridium Botulinum Toxin Type D to Control Plateau Zokors in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Pastoral Areas AU - Shengqing Li AU - Xiyun Zhang AU - Huaixi Liu AU - Tongzuo Zhang AU - Guoyuan Hu AU - Zhining Li AU - Tingting Wang AU - Rong Huang AU - Yanming Zhang Y1 - 2019/05/17 PY - 2019 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20190702.12 DO - 10.11648/j.avs.20190702.12 T2 - Animal and Veterinary Sciences JF - Animal and Veterinary Sciences JO - Animal and Veterinary Sciences SP - 40 EP - 45 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-5850 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20190702.12 AB - The feasibility of Clostridium botulinum toxin type D as a novel biological rodenticide to control plateau zokors was explored. In this study, Horn’s method was used to determine the gavage LD50 of C. botulinum toxin type D to plateau zokors. Modified Karber metho was employed to determine the oral LD50 of granular and wheat baits. Results showed that the gavage LD50 was 5840 MLD/kg (the reliable line is 3430–9950 MLD/kg) and the oral LD50 values of granular and wheat baits were 0.8339 and 1.319 g/kg, respectively, which indicated that plateau zokors are sensitive to this toxin. The palatability of wheat and homemade granular baits to plateau zokors was measured. Selective feeding coefficients were 1.33 and 1.10, whereas nonselective feeding coefficients were 0.81 and 0.60, respectively. A plot experiment of different toxin concentrations to kill zokors showed that homemade granular bait (10000 MLD/g) had the best effect. The average efficiency rate was 89.83%. This study showed the feasibility of controlling plateau zokors by using botulinum toxin type D. VL - 7 IS - 2 ER -
Information
Email: