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Enrichment of Bovine Semen with X-Bearing Spermatozoa Using Percoll™ and Optiprep® Discontinuous Gradients
Vera Hossepian de Lima,
Mariney Flavia Di-Tanno Ramalho,
Beatriz Costa Aguiar Alves,
Aline Costa Lucio,
Leticia Zoccolario Oliveira,
Carlos Alberto Moreira Filho,
Luísa Cunha Carneiro
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2015
Pages:
1-7
Received:
14 December 2014
Accepted:
12 January 2015
Published:
22 January 2015
Abstract: In cattle, sex selection has a significant economic impact when it improves herd capacity of milk or meat production. Density gradient centrifugation might be an approach to sexing spermatozoa because of the additional DNA content and volume of X-bearing sperm head. In the present work, the accuracy of sperm sexing by Percoll™ and OptiPrep® gradients centrifugation was compared. Bovine semen from three breeds (Holstein, Gir, and Red Angus) was used. The sperm viability and sexing accuracy after sperm selection by centrifugation of low and high-density discontinuous gradient composed by three layers of Percoll™ or OptiPrep® were assessed by in vitro embryo production (IVP) and pregnancy rate following artificial insemination (AI). After IVP, cleavage rate was higher (P < 0.05) for unsexed (81.3%) than for sexed (75.5%) spermatozoa. A significantly lower cleavage rate was observed for sexed (76.1%) spermatozoa when compared to sexed Red Angus (81.2%) spermatozoa. Additionally, significantly lower blastocyst rate was observed using Holstein sexed sperm by OptiPrep® gradient (23.3%) when compared with Gir (41.9%) and Red Angus (48.7%) sexed sperm by Percoll™ gradient. Nevertheless, in all breeds analyzed, a significant sex ratio deviation to females was observed. Analyzing the pregnancy rate after AI with sexed sperm by Percoll™ and OptiPrep®, semen from Gir bulls presented lower (P <0.05) pregnancy/AI (61.3%)when compared to Red Angus (75.9%) and Holstein (77.4%) and bulls. From the results, it was concluded that the increase in female percentage after insemination and/or IVP with bovine sexed sperm by centrifugation of high density gradient composed by three layers of Percoll™ and OptiPrep® may allow this spermatozoa sexing technique to be used in large scale which would support genetic enhancement for milk and meat production as well as for progeny tests in cattle.
Abstract: In cattle, sex selection has a significant economic impact when it improves herd capacity of milk or meat production. Density gradient centrifugation might be an approach to sexing spermatozoa because of the additional DNA content and volume of X-bearing sperm head. In the present work, the accuracy of sperm sexing by Percoll™ and OptiPrep® gradien...
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Effects of a Single Dose of Ethanol on Survival Rate and Angiogenesis of Chick Embryo
Zulifqar Ali Laghari,
Ayaz Ali Samo,
Baradi Waryani,
Zameer Ali Palh,
Khalid Hussain Lashari,
Ghulam Murtaza Mastoi,
Gulshan Ara Sahato,
Tahira Jabeen Ursani
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2015
Pages:
8-11
Received:
5 September 2014
Accepted:
3 December 2014
Published:
20 January 2015
Abstract: The developing Chick has been widely used as a model organism for research studies in developmental biology. Various aspects of ethanol (EtOH) toxicity during embryonic development have been documented in experimental studies. The studies on chick embryo address the effects of EtOH on craniofacial abnormalities and angiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a single dose of ethanol on survival rate and angiogenesis of chick embryos during early stages of development. Chick eggs were incubated at 37ºC in the humidified incubator, after 72 hours of incubation these eggs were removed from incubator, and treated with a single doses of 1%, 5%, 10%, 13% and 15% EtOH. The effects on survival rate and angiogenesis were recorded on ethanol treated chick embryos. The survival rate was slightly reduced with 1% and 5% EtOH, however with increasing dose of 10% the survival rate was reduced to 64% and at 15% EtOH complete death was observed. Our results also indicate that treatment of EtOH with 1% and 5% did not have any obvious effects on vessels formation in comparison with the BSS treated embryos. However, treatment of chick embryo with 10%, 13% and 15% EtOH severely inhibited the blood vessels formation.
Abstract: The developing Chick has been widely used as a model organism for research studies in developmental biology. Various aspects of ethanol (EtOH) toxicity during embryonic development have been documented in experimental studies. The studies on chick embryo address the effects of EtOH on craniofacial abnormalities and angiogenesis. The purpose of this...
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Effects of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Analogue in Enhancements of Pregnancy in Repeat Breeding Dairy Cows in and around Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
Birhanu Hailu,
Berihu Gebrekidan,
Solmon Raju,
Alemselam Birhanu,
Gebrhiwot Tadesse
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2015
Pages:
12-17
Received:
29 December 2014
Accepted:
12 January 2015
Published:
27 January 2015
Abstract: Clinical trial was carried out to evaluating the effects of GNRH analogue (buserelin acetate) along with AI in repeat breeding cross breed cows on enhancement of pregnancy. The trial was also aimed at evaluation of dose variation on conception rate. Sixty six cross breed dairy cattle which were apparently healthy, exhibits estrus regularly were selected and assigned randomly in to three equal groups(A,B and C); two treated groups and one control group. Group A (n=22) cattle were injected intramuscularly a 20 µg buserelin acetateat along with AI and Group B (n=22) cattle have injected with dose of 10µg Buserelin acetate. Group C (n=22) cattle were receive no treatment and considered as a control group, given a single service. These cows were examined for pregnancy after three months through rectal palpation. Additional history was taken from herd owners. The pregnancy rates recorded were 68%, 59% and 32% in the cattle grouped with A, B and C respectively. The conception rates of the treated groups exceeds control group by 36% and 27% respectively. Treated groups showed a significant statistical variation (P<0.05) as compared to control group. Dose variation between two treated groups has an effect on pregnancy rate with significant variation. Other observed finding was that treated first and second parity cows became more responsive to therapy than those with more than two parity with a significant variation (P<0.05). The study revealed that the use of GNRH analogue therapy at the time of AI can enhance pregnancy rate. This would be helpful and cost effective to minimize financial losses incurred from milk production loss, managmental and feed cost. This might be achieved through reducing calving interval and treating repeat breeding cases. The benefit cost ratio indicates that individual cow could benefit small holder farmer by 140 USD within a single month.
Abstract: Clinical trial was carried out to evaluating the effects of GNRH analogue (buserelin acetate) along with AI in repeat breeding cross breed cows on enhancement of pregnancy. The trial was also aimed at evaluation of dose variation on conception rate. Sixty six cross breed dairy cattle which were apparently healthy, exhibits estrus regularly were sel...
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House X Sex Interaction Effects on Body Weight and Linear Measurements of Coturnix Quails
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2015
Pages:
18-21
Received:
22 December 2014
Accepted:
12 January 2015
Published:
28 January 2015
Abstract: A total number of two hundred day-old quails of mixed sexes were assessed for body weight, wing length, thigh length and breast girth from third week to the tenth week of age. Analyzed data showed that there was highly significant (P<0.01) house x sex interaction effects on live body weight. This means that body weight is house and sex dependent. Male and female birds reared inside the cage were superior in terms of body weight to those on deep litter. Generally, the rate of growth from third to seventh week was higher across both housing systems and sexes, but decreased after seventh week of age. In the same vein, There was highly significant (P<0.01) house x sex interaction effects on wing length, thigh length and breast girth of quail birds. It infers that these growth traits are house and sex dependent. Male and female birds reared inside the cage were superior in terms of body weight and other growth traits to those on deep litter. Since cage birds were restricted, they were able to utilize feeds given optimally leading to increase in muscle cells and body size. In essence, cage system of rearing produced more quail meat than deep litter, and should be considered for increased productivity and animal proteins supply.
Abstract: A total number of two hundred day-old quails of mixed sexes were assessed for body weight, wing length, thigh length and breast girth from third week to the tenth week of age. Analyzed data showed that there was highly significant (P...
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Molecular Detection of Some Virulence Genes in Salmonella Spp Isolated from Food Samples in Lagos, Nigeria
Stella Ifeanyi Smith,
Muinah Adenike Fowora,
Adedamilola Atiba,
Joseph Anejo-Okopi,
Tina Fingesi,
Mary Ehi Adamu,
Emmanuel Adedayo Omonigbehin,
Margaret Iteun Ugo-Ijeh,
Moses Bamidele,
Peter Odeigah
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2015
Pages:
22-27
Received:
23 December 2014
Accepted:
12 January 2015
Published:
28 January 2015
Abstract: Food-borne salmonellosis is the most prevalent disease and major source of Salmonella spp in humans and its detection particularly in developing countries is quite cumbersome and time consuming. Molecular methods for its detection as well as the genotypic diversity of some of the genes responsible for Salmonella virulence are necessary. The aim of the study was to screen for Salmonella spp using the 16S rRNA, to determine whether the invA gene is specific for Salmonella detection as well as virulence genotyping of some genes present in Salmonella spp (invA, sitC and spvA, spvB and spvC) from food samples in Lagos, Nigeria. All 76 isolates tested positive for 16S rRNA gene while 53 (69.7%) were positive for salm3 and salm4 (389 bp) gene. PCR analysis of the invA gene (284bp) showed that 73 (96.1%) were positive, 38 (50%) of the isolates were positive for sitC gene while none were positive for spvA and spvB and with the multiplex –PCR of invA/spvC gene 25 (33%) were positive for invA (244 bp) gene and none positive for spvC gene. The use of invA gene for Salmonella detection in our food samples is recommended however for most of our isolates the virulence genes were not detected.
Abstract: Food-borne salmonellosis is the most prevalent disease and major source of Salmonella spp in humans and its detection particularly in developing countries is quite cumbersome and time consuming. Molecular methods for its detection as well as the genotypic diversity of some of the genes responsible for Salmonella virulence are necessary. The aim of ...
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The Impact of Lead and Nickel Environmental Pollution on Blood Levels of Liver Enzymes in House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) in Kosovo
Lulzim Millaku,
Resmije Imeri,
Jeton Orllati,
Artan Trebicka
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2015
Pages:
28-31
Received:
19 January 2015
Accepted:
28 January 2015
Published:
3 February 2015
Abstract: The aim of this study was the evaluation of environmental pollution with heavy metals such as Lead and Nickel on the living organisms in industrial areas, using the blood of House sparrow (Passer domesticus) as a bio-indicator of pollution by metals. For this purpose, a blood collection was performed on 32 house sparrows (Passer domesticus) males and females, which were captured in Mitrovica town (situated close to smelter “Trepqa”, closed in year 2000), Drenas town (near the Ferronickel smelter, pollution area) and in rural area (Ujmir village, not contaminated area). In blood plasma we have analysed: alkaline phosphatase (AP), plasma alanin aminotransferase (ALT), aspartat aminotransferase (AST) and total proteins (TP) in house sparrow (Passer domesticus). The results obtained indicate the different values of the enzymes activity (AP, ALT, AST) in blood sparrows between the localities studied. Higher values of AST in significant scale (p<0.001) were found in sparrows from Mitrovica and Drenas town compared with the reference site (Ujmirë village). Values of enzymes ALT, AP and total proteins are different between the analyzed groups but the differences are not significant. Further studies are warranted to investigate the mechanism of susceptibility of house sparrow to environmental pollution.
Abstract: The aim of this study was the evaluation of environmental pollution with heavy metals such as Lead and Nickel on the living organisms in industrial areas, using the blood of House sparrow (Passer domesticus) as a bio-indicator of pollution by metals. For this purpose, a blood collection was performed on 32 house sparrows (Passer domesticus) males a...
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Epidemiological Status of Contagious Bovine Pleuro Pneumonia in Southern Zone of Tigray Regions, Northern Ethiopia
Teshale Teklue,
Temesgen Tesfay,
Tsigabu Nirayo,
Birhanu Hailu,
Solomon Wayu,
Tesfay Atsbha
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2015
Pages:
32-36
Received:
21 January 2015
Accepted:
30 January 2015
Published:
6 February 2015
Abstract: A cross sectional study was conducted from December 2012 to May 2013 to determine the epidemiological status of CBPP in southern zone of Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia. Purposive sampling was used in selection of districts, peasant association and farmers for interview and random sampling was used in selection of animals for serum collection. The questionnaire was provided to 109 informative farmers by face to face interview to know the general animal diseases in the zone and specifically about CBPP. About 26.6 % of the farmers mentioned CBPP as one of the major cattle diseases in the zone. Serum samples from 384 animals were collected to determine the sero-prevalence using complement fixation test. The overall he overall sero-prevalence was 11.9 % ranging from zero (0%) to 28% across different districts. There was no significant (p<0.05) association of sero-prevalence to age and sex groups but was significantly (p< 0.05) associated to the agro ecology and implies a great attention at the mid highland and lowland. The present work highlights a need to scheme and implement control measures directing at preventing further spread and lowering the prevalence of the disease in the zone through the use of better and coordinated vaccination program with great emphasis to animal movement routes.
Abstract: A cross sectional study was conducted from December 2012 to May 2013 to determine the epidemiological status of CBPP in southern zone of Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia. Purposive sampling was used in selection of districts, peasant association and farmers for interview and random sampling was used in selection of animals for serum collection. The...
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