-
Botanical and Ethnoveterinary Surveys of Two Acacias (Acacia raddiana and Acacia nilotica) Exploited in Small Ruminant Rearing in Sahelian Area of Burkina Faso
Zabré Geneviève,
Kaboré Adama,
Bayala Balé,
Tamboura H. Hamidou,
Belem Adrien Marie Gaston,
Niderkorn Vincent,
Livio Martin Costa Junior,
Louvandini Helder,
Hoste Hervé
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
63-68
Received:
12 July 2017
Accepted:
21 July 2017
Published:
22 August 2017
Abstract: In Burkina Faso, rural livestock farmers in arid and semi-arid areas rely heavily on woody plant resources such as Acacia nilotica and Acacia raddiana to satisfy the needs of small ruminant rearing. The assessment of the availability and the use of these two species are therefore essential to better manage them sustainably for their preservation. The survey carried out in the area showed that the questioned farmers exploited the leaves and pods of the two Acacia for the needs of the ruminants. 100% of the farmers exploit A. raddiana only for the feeding of small ruminants. However, A. nilotica was exploited for animal feed and health. The most commonly reported treatments are Foot and Mouth Disease (98.7%) followed by diarrhea (73.7%) and foot wounds (51.2%). In order to compare the results of the survey, a botanical inventory was carried out in the area and the results showed that A. raddiana is more available compared to A. nilotica. Also, other local species such as Faidherbia albida, Acacia senegal, Balanites aegyptiaca and Acacia siberiana are also exploited for the needs of small ruminant rearing in the study area. The most important constraints were excessive cutting, drought and overexploitation that negatively impact their survival. Data on these constraints provide the basis for a campaign to raise awareness among herders' communities to preserve these plants to sustainably improve the productivity of small ruminants and consequently farmer’s income.
Abstract: In Burkina Faso, rural livestock farmers in arid and semi-arid areas rely heavily on woody plant resources such as Acacia nilotica and Acacia raddiana to satisfy the needs of small ruminant rearing. The assessment of the availability and the use of these two species are therefore essential to better manage them sustainably for their preservation. T...
Show More
-
Preservation of Genetic Diversity of the Asian Native Goats
Takeshi Honda,
Mayu Shibano,
Hirokazu Matsumoto,
Shinji Sasazaki,
Kenji Oyama,
Hideyuki Mannen
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
69-72
Received:
2 August 2017
Accepted:
23 August 2017
Published:
22 September 2017
Abstract: Using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the relative importance of 10 subpopulations of Asian native goats in preserving genetic diversity was investigated. Analysis of prioritizing by removal of subpopulations identified the subpopulations of Mongolia (MGL), Myanmar (MYA), Cambodian plains (CAM_P), India (IND), and Philippine (PHI) as genetically important subpopulations because their removal resulted in a 6.38% reduction of expected heterozygosity. The removal of the remaining five subpopulations resulted in a 1.45% increase. Likewise, analysis using the core set method identified five subpopulations (MGL, MYA, CAM_P, IND, and PHI) as genetically important subpopulations. Among these five subpopulations, the IND was most important because of low molecular coancestry within itself and between the other subpopulations. The subpopulations of Cambodian mountainous (CAM_M) and Vietnam (VIE) were also considered to be important in this analysis. Based on these two investigations, we concluded that MGL, MYA, CAM_P, IND, and PHI are essential, and that CAM_M and VIE are worth preserving.
Abstract: Using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the relative importance of 10 subpopulations of Asian native goats in preserving genetic diversity was investigated. Analysis of prioritizing by removal of subpopulations identified the subpopulations of Mongolia (MGL), Myanmar (MYA), Cambodian plains (CAM_P), India (IND), and Philippine (PHI) as geneti...
Show More
-
Assessing the Presence, Seasonal Dynamicity and Effect of Toxic Plants on Ruminants in Lare and Itang Districts of Gambella Peoples Regional State Southwest Ethiopia
Tsigabu Gebereselassie Gezahegn,
Getahun Asebe Gulich,
Wawich Khor
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
73-83
Received:
11 January 2017
Accepted:
7 April 2017
Published:
12 October 2017
Abstract: This study was conducted in “Lare” and “Itang” districts of Gambella People’s regional state, South Western Ethiopia and assessed the presence, seasonal dynamicity and effect of toxic plants on large and small domestic ruminants. A cross sectional type of research was used to survey potential toxic plants for domestic animals from January 2016 to August 2016 with the help of a structured questionnaire format and plant sampling. A total of 255 individuals were interviewed (151 from “Lare” and 104 from “Itang”), of which 80.4% are males. Both infectious and non-infectious types of diseases challenge the livestock production system in the area (with 65.0%, 30.8%, combination of infectious and non-infectious and infectious diseases alone respectively), despite more than 60.4% said disease is the main livestock rearing obstacle in the areas. About 88.4% said cases of toxic plants mostly occur once per year while, very few of the participants said toxic plants as the problem, that occurs most often and often (8.2%, and 3.4% respectively). Shrubs are main source of plant toxicosis (97.3%). Of the total (146) participants, about 63.0% of them said, they attempt to treat locally/traditionally, while only 32.2% visits modern veterinary service. Among the top mentioned pre-disposing factors that expose animals for plant toxicosis in the study area were, food shortage (43.2%), accidental ingestion with feed (40.4%), nutritional deficiency (6.8%), and excess consumption (4.8%). The most common likely period of the year that plant toxicosis occur in general; beginning of wet season (48.6%), end of rainy season (32.9%), end of the dry season (12.3%) and peak of dry season (2.7%). Cattle, sheep and goats are among the susceptible and can cause various illness and also cause sudden death to them. Among the non-infectious diseases, plant poisonings are one of the non-infectious livestock health problems in the study areas, that resulting huge loss when animals graze in poisonous plant. Some of the identified toxic plants in the area includes Ngiar, Wath (Sorghum arundinaceum), Diir, Magak (Lactuca inermis Forssk), Nyuath and Zom (Ipomoea acquatica Forssk). Other toxic plants identified were Dep gany (Cissus quadrangularis L.), Tach Yaaz (Ipomoae acuatica Forssk) and Hygrophilla schulli (hamilt.) MR. & S. M Almeida species. Proper attention and further toxic plants epidemiological investigations should be conducted for minimizing the direct and indirect loss to the livestock sector in the region.
Abstract: This study was conducted in “Lare” and “Itang” districts of Gambella People’s regional state, South Western Ethiopia and assessed the presence, seasonal dynamicity and effect of toxic plants on large and small domestic ruminants. A cross sectional type of research was used to survey potential toxic plants for domestic animals from January 2016 to A...
Show More
-
Cross Sectional Survey on Equine Gastro Intestinal Stroglylosis and Fasciolosis in Goba District of Bale Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Zewdie Wubishet,
Hailu Yacob
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
84-88
Received:
17 March 2017
Accepted:
28 March 2017
Published:
30 October 2017
Abstract: Cross sectional study was conducted on Equine gastro intestinal Strongylosis and Fasciolosis in Goba district of Bale zone Oromia reginal state, Ethiopia. Study involving a total of 384 (218 Horses, 107 Donkeys and 59 Mules) samples were conducted. The study revealed that Gastrointestinal Strongylosis and Fasciolosis are the main problem of equines in the district affecting the wellbeing of horses, mules and donkeys with over all prevalence of 83.3% and 11.98%, respectively. The occurrence of equine Gastrointestinal Strongylosis and Fasciolosis in this study suggests the importance of the problem in the study area and the overall effect on drought power. There were statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between (male VS female) and species of equines with regard to Equine Strongylosis. However, there was no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) with regard to Equine Fasciolosis between (male VS female) and species of equines. There were no statistically significant differences among equine species, age groups (P > 0.05) in prevalence of Equine Fasciolosis. The result of this study disclosed that equine Fasciolosis is main problem of parasitic diseases next to Strongylosis in study area. However, since Equine receive less attention in terms of feeding, health and management cares in study area, it affecting the wellbeing of horses, mules and donkeys. Therefore, due emphasis should be given particularly in prevention and control of the parasites in Equine.
Abstract: Cross sectional study was conducted on Equine gastro intestinal Strongylosis and Fasciolosis in Goba district of Bale zone Oromia reginal state, Ethiopia. Study involving a total of 384 (218 Horses, 107 Donkeys and 59 Mules) samples were conducted. The study revealed that Gastrointestinal Strongylosis and Fasciolosis are the main problem of equines...
Show More
-
Prevalence of Bovine Tuberculosis Using Abattoir Meat Inspection in Cattle Slaughtered at Gondar Elfora Abattoir, North Ethiopia
Tarekegn Tintagu Gizaw,
Bethelehem Alemu Minalu,
Yalew Tefera Asfaw
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
89-96
Received:
16 September 2017
Accepted:
28 September 2017
Published:
30 October 2017
Abstract: Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is endemic in Ethiopia and like other developing countries in Africa. Ethiopia has limited laboratory and other diagnostic facilities. Therefore, abattoir inspection still remains the only option for monitoring BTB prevalence in domestic animals. A cross-sectional type of study was conducted at Gondar ELFORA abattoir from October, 2009 to April, 2010 to assess the prevalence of BTB slaughtered cattle. During this time, a total of 500 animals under gone on ante mortem and detailed post mortem inspections and 43(8.6%) of the animals were found to be with tuberculous lesions. About 84.8% of the tuberculous lesions were found in the lymph nodes of the thoracic cavity (mediastinal and bronchial), followed by 11.6% in the lymph nodes of the abdominal cavity (mesenteric) and the remaining 4.65% in the lymph nodes of the head (retropharyngeal). From the 43 cattle samples that were suspicious to contain tuberculous lesions, samples of lymph nodes were cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen media and growth of Mycobacterium was observed on 5/43(11.6%) samples. In this study, age (χ2=3.351, p value=0.187) and breed (χ2=1.087, p value=0.29) have not shown any association with post mortem results whereas origin (χ2=147.179, p value=0.0252), anatomical sites (χ2=468.814, p value=0.00), sex χ2=23.688, p value=0.011), body condition score (χ2=17.342, p value=0.00) and culture results (χ2=121.48, p value=0.00) have shown associations with post mortem result. Based on this study, it is recommended that integrated preventive approaches involving enhanced surveillance of the disease through establishment of standardized abattoirs well-equipped with laboratory facilities.
Abstract: Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is endemic in Ethiopia and like other developing countries in Africa. Ethiopia has limited laboratory and other diagnostic facilities. Therefore, abattoir inspection still remains the only option for monitoring BTB prevalence in domestic animals. A cross-sectional type of study was conducted at Gondar ELFORA abattoir from ...
Show More
