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In Vivo Digestibility of Brachiaria deflexa and Echinocloa colona Supplemented with Cowpea Haulms in Sahelian Goats
Azoutane Julien,
Oumar Moucthar Kodbé,
Madjina Tellah,
Mouchili Mama,
Miegoue Emile,
Sawa Camara,
Defang Henry Fualefak,
Tendonkeng Fernand
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2023
Pages:
30-37
Received:
20 February 2023
Accepted:
13 March 2023
Published:
28 March 2023
Abstract: A study of In vivo digestibility of Brachiaria deflexa and Echinocloa colona fed Sahelian bucks supplemented with 30% cowpea haulms was conducted in the Scientific Garden of the University of Sciences and Technology of Ati in Chad by September 2018. Twelve (12) Sahelian bucks weighing around 28. 62 ±2. 97 kg, aged between 20 and 24 months were used for this feeding trial. Four (4) groups of three (3) animals were housed in individual metabolic cages, where they were treated with Oxytetracycline 20% long-acting (1ml/10 kg) and 1% of Ivermectin against gastrointestinal and pulmonary worms before trials. Four rations were made and distributed hazardly to each group as follows: Brachiaria deflexa without supplement of cowpea haulms (BF0), Brachiaria deflexa suplemented with 30% cowpea haulms (BF30), Echinocloa colona without suplement (EF0) and Echinocloa colona suplmented with 30% cowpea haulms (EF30). Each animal received 1000g of feeds twice a day for basal feeds during the adaptation period (14 days). After this period, data were collected for seven (7) days. The result shows that Echinocloa colona supplemented with 30% cowpea haulm induced a significant (p<0.05) intake of DM (697.2g), OM (525.14g), and CF (214.35g) in Sahelian bucks. While, digestive utilization of these elements was comparable (p> 0.05). Though, digestive utilization of nitrogen (58.68g) was significantly (P<0.05) high in bucks. Biochemically, blood concentration with protein elements (protein, albumin, and globulin) was similar in bucks fed Brachiaria deflexa or Echinocloa colona alone or associated with 30% cowpea haulms. As such, bucks could be fed with dried forage without cowpea supplements to minimize production costs.
Abstract: A study of In vivo digestibility of Brachiaria deflexa and Echinocloa colona fed Sahelian bucks supplemented with 30% cowpea haulms was conducted in the Scientific Garden of the University of Sciences and Technology of Ati in Chad by September 2018. Twelve (12) Sahelian bucks weighing around 28. 62 ±2. 97 kg, aged between 20 and 24 months were used...
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Secreted Colostrum Volume, Transition and Mature Milk Outputs After Calving in Holstein Friesian Cows
Găvan Constantin*,
Riza Mihaela
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2023
Pages:
38-43
Received:
9 February 2023
Accepted:
22 March 2023
Published:
31 March 2023
DOI:
10.11648/j.avs.20231102.12
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Abstract: Colostrum volume after calving, transition and mature milk outputs in the time from 1st to 10th milkings were evaluated at 30 primiparous and 30 multiparous cows milked twice daily. Colostrum volume at the first milking after calving varied from 1.5 to 19.2 kg (mean 9.44 ±5.6 kg SD) in multiparous and from 1.2 to 9.8 kg (mean 5.65 ± 2.3 kg SD) in primiparous cows. Timing of the first milking did not negatively influence colostrum volume. Colostrum volume of the second milking decreased over all multiparous and primiparous cows because the period of time between first and second milking was shorter (10.5 hours). The hourly milk outputs increased sharply from the second to the fourth milking in multiparous and primiparous Holstein Friesian cows. Applying a linear regression model we observed a significant large positive relationship between volume of colostrum at first milking and subsequent transition and mature milk outputs from 2nd to 10th milkings. A low colostrum volume secreted was identified in multiparous cows, as a results of sorter dry period and in primiparous cows, probably as a result of low secretory capacity of mammary gland. Extended feeding with transition milk can be real health benefits for the newborn calf.
Abstract: Colostrum volume after calving, transition and mature milk outputs in the time from 1st to 10th milkings were evaluated at 30 primiparous and 30 multiparous cows milked twice daily. Colostrum volume at the first milking after calving varied from 1.5 to 19.2 kg (mean 9.44 ±5.6 kg SD) in multiparous and from 1.2 to 9.8 kg (mean 5.65 ± 2.3 kg SD) in p...
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Tuberculosis Among Lemurs’ Captive Breeding at the Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT) in the Madagascar
Berthine Razafiarisoa,
Christine Razaiarivelo,
Roger Ramarokoto,
Mbolamanana Ziva Randriaminahy,
Mandimby Herivola Randrianarison,
Brigitte Annie Bezandry
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2023
Pages:
44-51
Received:
12 March 2023
Accepted:
30 March 2023
Published:
13 April 2023
Abstract: The Madagascar is a country with a high endemic biodiversity. For example, it homes 112 species and subspecies of lemurs with 100% of endemism. They are endangered in their natural habitat due to different threats from anthropogenic pressure and climate change. Between May to September 2022, eight relatives Varecia varecia substincta captive breeding at the Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza deceased in serial and unexpectedly, some of them by tuberculosis. This study is carried out to detect the reasons why these lemurs are died and then, to assess the tuberculosis prevalence among the remain alive lemurs, in objective to proceed in cure. Tuberculosis is a notifiable treatment in the Madagascar. Outcomes has shown that lemurs are predisposed to tuberculosis infection as human primates. It may be present in latent or fatal active forms as miliary tuberculosis. Vulnerabilities depend on gender and species. Females are more fragile than males. Among different species of lemurs, Varecia variegata subtincta are the most threatened to tuberculosis followed by Eulemur fulvus. Tuberculosis is hereditary and for the first time, its genetic aspects are discovered in the Madagascar. Foremost, genetic predisposition has an influence in individual immune responses. In fact, change in weathers factors has increased underlying individual susceptibilities which led to a serious health problem. Consanguinities are an addition threat for tuberculosis transmission in an endemic island context. These basic fields need further confirmation both for lemurs’ conservation and to sustain the control of tuberculosis in the Madagascar.
Abstract: The Madagascar is a country with a high endemic biodiversity. For example, it homes 112 species and subspecies of lemurs with 100% of endemism. They are endangered in their natural habitat due to different threats from anthropogenic pressure and climate change. Between May to September 2022, eight relatives Varecia varecia substincta captive breedi...
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Cause Analysis and Countermeasures of Human Infection in Sheep Brucellosis Immunization
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2023
Pages:
52-54
Received:
3 February 2023
Accepted:
28 February 2023
Published:
23 April 2023
Abstract: Brucellosis of sheep is an important way to cause human infection. Immunization of sheep is an effective measure for the prevention and control of brucellosis of sheep. Now, M5 and S2 strains of vaccines are commonly used to immunize sheep, while M5 and S2 strains of vaccines are live vaccines, which are easy to cause infection of epidemic prevention personnel during the epidemic prevention process. Because the epidemic prevention personnel are worried that they will be infected with brucellosis due to immunization of sheep, it is difficult to promote the immunization of sheep against brucellosis, In order to reduce the risk of infection of epidemic prevention personnel in the immunization of sheep brucellosis and ensure the normal development of the immunization of sheep brucellosis, combined with three years of experience in the immunization of oral S2 strain of brucellosis, the epidemic prevention personnel infected with brucellosis due to immunization of sheep against brucellosis were carefully investigated, and it was found that the main reason for personnel infection was the weak protection awareness of the epidemic prevention personnel, the risk of scattered bacteria in oral immunization, the lax implementation of epidemic prevention operation procedures and the problems of personal protective equipment, etc. Find corresponding solutions to these problems. The quality of epidemic prevention personnel should be strengthened; Select safe immunization mode; Strictly implement the operation procedures and optimize personal protective equipment. The improvement of these measures can effectively prevent human infection caused by immunization against sheep brucellosis. Eliminating the fear of epidemic prevention personnel about being infected with brucella in the immunization of sheep brucellosis, thus ensuring the solid progress of the immunization of sheep brucellosis, and playing a positive role in reducing human infection with brucellosis.
Abstract: Brucellosis of sheep is an important way to cause human infection. Immunization of sheep is an effective measure for the prevention and control of brucellosis of sheep. Now, M5 and S2 strains of vaccines are commonly used to immunize sheep, while M5 and S2 strains of vaccines are live vaccines, which are easy to cause infection of epidemic preventi...
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