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Chain Rule for Fractional Order Derivatives
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
63-67
Received:
28 August 2015
Accepted:
11 September 2015
Published:
24 September 2015
Abstract: The concept of derivative is an old concept and there are numerous studies on this concept. Some of these studies are on fractional order derivative. In this paper, we will emphasize that the methods for fractional order derivative are not valid for chain rule, and all definitions for fractional order derivatives have some deficiencies, since the basic concepts of these definitions are based on the pseudo-continuity and gamma function derived from classical derivation. Due to this case, a new definition for chain rule in fractional order derivative was improved. The validity of definition was verified by theorems and examples.
Abstract: The concept of derivative is an old concept and there are numerous studies on this concept. Some of these studies are on fractional order derivative. In this paper, we will emphasize that the methods for fractional order derivative are not valid for chain rule, and all definitions for fractional order derivatives have some deficiencies, since the b...
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Effect of Processing Time and Concentration of Potassium Permanganate on Physico-Mechanical Properties of Denim Jeans During Stone Washing
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
68-71
Received:
5 September 2015
Accepted:
15 September 2015
Published:
24 September 2015
Abstract: Three 100% cotton denim jeans were treated with stone acid wash with the variation of processing time (1.5, 2 & 2.5 minutes) and concentration (1.5, 2 & 2.5g/l) of potassium permanganate after typical enzyme bleach wash. Various physical and mechanical properties (Hand feel, Weight, EPI, and PPI, Tensile strength, Shrinkage, Seam strength, Count & stiffness) were investigated before and after each treatment (concentration and respective time) according to standard test methods. It was found that change in processing time and concentration reveals big difference in various properties between treated and untreated garments.
Abstract: Three 100% cotton denim jeans were treated with stone acid wash with the variation of processing time (1.5, 2 & 2.5 minutes) and concentration (1.5, 2 & 2.5g/l) of potassium permanganate after typical enzyme bleach wash. Various physical and mechanical properties (Hand feel, Weight, EPI, and PPI, Tensile strength, Shrinkage, Seam strength, Count & ...
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Women’s Involvement in Income Generating Activities and Their Opinion About Its Contribution: A Study of Gazipur District, Bangladesh
Shaikh Shamim Hasan,
Moushumi Hossain,
Sabina Sultana,
Mithun Kumar Ghosh
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
72-80
Received:
29 August 2015
Accepted:
11 September 2015
Published:
26 September 2015
Abstract: The study was conducted to determine the socioeconomic characteristics ofthe respondents participating in different agricultural income generating activities, to attain the nature and extent of participation in different Income Generating Activities (IGAs) and find out the relationship between the selected characteristics of the respondents and their opinion in poverty alleviation through IGAs. An interview schedule was used to collect needed information through face to face interview from randomly selected sample size of 125 respondents. The respondents showed remarkable individual differences in their characteristics and majority (84%) of them belonged to young and middle aged category having high literacy rate (86.7%). Most of the respondents’ family size was small and medium (90.6%) and having small (96%) farm size. Most of the respondents’ (78.7 %) annual income was up to Tk 200000 and they have medium (60%) agricultural knowledge, favourable attitude (78.7%) towards participation in IGAs. Most of the respondents had higher participation (48.1%) in IGAs. The income from IGAs was high (86.7%) and opinion regarding poverty alleviation through IGAs should substantial improvement (65.3%). Education, family size, agricultural knowledge, respondent’s attitude, participation in IGAs, income from IGAs were found to have significant relationship with the respondents’ opinion on poverty alleviation through IGAS. High price of inputs, frequent absence of members in time, lack of marketing facilities and social sanction for the women for going activities outside homestead were the major problems faced by the respondents.
Abstract: The study was conducted to determine the socioeconomic characteristics ofthe respondents participating in different agricultural income generating activities, to attain the nature and extent of participation in different Income Generating Activities (IGAs) and find out the relationship between the selected characteristics of the respondents and the...
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The First Step to Science Innovation: Down to the Basics
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
81-91
Received:
3 September 2015
Accepted:
17 September 2015
Published:
29 September 2015
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to show the basic ideas about the basic knowledge needed to analyse scientifically the data collected on the field or generated in designed experiments. ANOVA (Analysis Of VARiance) is very used for this purpose. We analyzed just one case taken from some published documents found on the web: “On State Budget in the North Central of Nigeria: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Approach.” [56] This paper is especially written to settle the matter for the researchers who want to learn a basic statistical tool. Researchers must be alert in order to do a good job…. Many others cases should be shown: the paper should be 10 times longer the methods used are the Logic and the Scientific Theory (Mathematics, Probability, Statistics, Physics…). Several Professors do not practice them.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to show the basic ideas about the basic knowledge needed to analyse scientifically the data collected on the field or generated in designed experiments. ANOVA (Analysis Of VARiance) is very used for this purpose. We analyzed just one case taken from some published documents found on the web: “On State Budget in the Nort...
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Employment of the Limit-States Method and the Safety Theory in Geotechnical Design
Sc. Gilberto Quevedo Sotolongo,
Ana V. González – Cueto Vila,
Luis O. Ibañez Mora
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
92-99
Received:
3 September 2015
Accepted:
19 September 2015
Published:
9 October 2015
Abstract: In this paper, a methodology is proposed to apply the Safety Theory in the obtaining of safety factor systems required in the geotechnical design of the foundations using Limit-States Method. The entire mathematical formulation that facilitates the application of the safety theory as well as the integral methodology for the safety factor systems to be used is defined. In addition, a practical example is developed where it is allowed to value the security introduced in the design.
Abstract: In this paper, a methodology is proposed to apply the Safety Theory in the obtaining of safety factor systems required in the geotechnical design of the foundations using Limit-States Method. The entire mathematical formulation that facilitates the application of the safety theory as well as the integral methodology for the safety factor systems to...
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Design and in Vitro Evaluation Studies of Tramadol Hydrochloride Lozenzes for Treatment of Pain in Childreans
T. Venkateswara Rao,
N. Bhadramma,
K. Kinnera
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
100-107
Received:
3 September 2015
Accepted:
21 September 2015
Published:
10 October 2015
Abstract: The oral route is the most preferred route of administration of drugs because of low cost of therapy, ease of administration, patient compliance and flexibility in formulation. The illness are associated with fever, head ache and body aches so to cure the above/relief from the above, there was need to adminster the drugs to the individuals but in case of pediatric patients it was difficult to administer the dosage forms like tablets, capsules, etc. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to prepare and evaluate the sugar based medicated tramadol hydrochloride hard lozenzes for pediatrics to overcome the administration. They were prepared by heating and congealing method on laboraty scale with malt syrup as base. All the formulations were subjected to various physico-chemical parameters such as hardness, friability, content uniformity, weight variation, thickness, drug content and in vitro dissolution studies. Drug-excipients compability stuidies were conducted by FT-IR spectroscopy and results revealed that no interactions were found between drug and excipients. The results of in vitro drug release studies showed that formulations F3, F6 and F9 releases the drug 96.72,95.32 and 98.66 percentage at the end of 30 mins. The hard lozenge can provide an attractive alternative formulatin in the treatment of pain in pediatric patiants.
Abstract: The oral route is the most preferred route of administration of drugs because of low cost of therapy, ease of administration, patient compliance and flexibility in formulation. The illness are associated with fever, head ache and body aches so to cure the above/relief from the above, there was need to adminster the drugs to the individuals but in c...
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Carcass Traits and Sensory Characteristics of Meat of Broiler Fed Varying Levels of Tithonia diversifolia Flower Meal (TDFM) as Substitute of Conventional Feeds in Mizoram
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
108-112
Received:
6 September 2015
Accepted:
21 September 2015
Published:
10 October 2015
Abstract: The study was for assessment of carcass traits and sensory evaluation of meat of broilers fed varying levels of Tithonia diversifolia flower meal (TDFM) as substitute of conventional feeds in Mizoram. One hundred and eighty day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to six treatments and fed TDFM incorporating @ 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% of the total ration as substitute of conventional energy and protein feed ingredients. The feeding trial was conducted for 42 days duration rearing the chicks under deep litter system of management following standard managemental protocols. At the end of 6 week, 6 birds from each treatment were scarified for studying carcass traits and sensory evaluation of meat. There was no significant difference (P<0.05) in average live weights of the birds at 42nd day of age up to 6% TDFM inclusion level. The average hot carcass weights were found to be proportional to the live weights. Dressing percentage was calculated to be significantly reduced at 8% and 10% TDFM inclusion level, but no significant differences (P<0.05) was found up to 6% inclusion level. The prime cuts (expressed as % hot carcass weight) i.e. breast, back, drumstick, thigh and neck were comparable amongst the groups without any significant difference. Weights of the edible offals were found to be variable. On sensory evaluation, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) among groups for colour, flavour, tenderness and overall acceptability of meat. It was concluded that TDFM can be incorporated up to 6% of the total ration as substitute of conventional energy and protein feed ingredients without any significant effects on live weight, carcass traits and sensory qualities of meat of broiler at 42nd day of age in Mizoram.
Abstract: The study was for assessment of carcass traits and sensory evaluation of meat of broilers fed varying levels of Tithonia diversifolia flower meal (TDFM) as substitute of conventional feeds in Mizoram. One hundred and eighty day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to six treatments and fed TDFM incorporating @ 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% of the...
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Antioxidants: Fascinating and Favourable Biomolecules for Humans
Chandani T. Desai,
Gaurav S. Shah
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
113-116
Received:
6 September 2015
Accepted:
21 September 2015
Published:
12 October 2015
Abstract: Free radicals are highly reactive molecules or chemical species that are competent enough of independent existence. Free radicals can cause “oxidative stress,” a process that can trigger cell damage. Oxidative stress is thought to play a role in a variety of diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease. Increasing the antioxidant intake can prevent diseases and lower the health problems. Generation of highly Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) is an integral feature of normal cellular function like mitochondrial respiratory chain, phagocytosis, arachidonic acid metabolism, ovulation, and fertilisation. Antioxidants combat oxidative stress by working to neutralise excess free radicals and stopping them from starting the chain reactions that contribute to various diseases and early aging. Different types of natural antioxidants are present in fruit and vegetables; they have synergistic interactions that are important due to their activity and regenerative potential.
Abstract: Free radicals are highly reactive molecules or chemical species that are competent enough of independent existence. Free radicals can cause “oxidative stress,” a process that can trigger cell damage. Oxidative stress is thought to play a role in a variety of diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinso...
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Applications to Engineering Physics for Reducing Air Pollution
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
117-120
Received:
2 September 2015
Accepted:
19 September 2015
Published:
14 October 2015
Abstract: Taking advantage of modern technology of the macro ionization of air in the air conditioning systems in order to promote the industrial air conditioning systems can be an appropriate way to resolve industrial centers and hospital's pollution, and also resolve monitoring of air in the urban tunnels. Breathing space around us is a mixture of particles and neutral and charged molecules, so by looking back at industrial achievements of tools and instruments of the air conditioners, electrical discharge method is practical and appropriate. In addition to refining of air pollutants, there is also the possibility of removing germs. Macro Air Ionization Technology (MAIT) in the industrial, hospital and urban tunnels is one of the offering methods of increasing healthy air as usual methods in environment. MAIT is a hi-tech equipment for improving air. One of these technologies is Negative Air Ionization Technology (NAIT). In the NAIT equipment air molecules after ionization change Negative Ion Concentrations in the room, tunnels and sheds. The negative ion molecules especially oxygen, will provide a healthy environment for plants growth process. Using NAIT, anions have the ability to conquest the microbes and microorganism. According to the performed research, utilizing the air ventilation modern technologies, have an efficient effect on the quantity and quality of important place as hospitals. For this reason, negative ion injections by MAIT into the air could be a part of research policies in developing and least developing countries for effective exploitation and correction of the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) conditions, as it was the part of basic research policies in last 40 years in developed countries. In this paper, we try to introduce hi-tech MAIT equipment based on corona discharge method.
Abstract: Taking advantage of modern technology of the macro ionization of air in the air conditioning systems in order to promote the industrial air conditioning systems can be an appropriate way to resolve industrial centers and hospital's pollution, and also resolve monitoring of air in the urban tunnels. Breathing space around us is a mixture of particle...
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Evaluation of Bread Wheat Varieties to Dominant Races of Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. Tritici) Pathogen
Alemayehu Hailu Welderufael,
Getaneh Woldeab Wolderufael,
Woubit Dawit Bedane,
Endale Hailu Abera
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
121-126
Received:
2 August 2015
Accepted:
17 August 2015
Published:
16 October 2015
Abstract: Stem rust (Black rust) caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is one of the most important air borne diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the central high lands of Ethiopia, including west and southwest Shewa zones. The pathogen is capable to produce new physiological races that attack resistant varieties and develop epidemic under optimal environmental conditions which results in a serious yield loss. However, information on the reaction of bread wheat varieties to dominant races in west and southwest Shewa zones is lacking. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the reaction of 12 commonly grown bread wheat varieties by artificial inoculation against the major virulent races at seedling stage in green house (TKTTF and TTKSK) and at adult plant growth stage under field condition (TTKSK). In the green house test, varieties Huluka and Ogena showed resistance to TTKSK and TKTTF races. Likewise, the two varieties showed moderately resistance reaction at adult plant growth stage with terminal severity of below 10%. Whereas, ET-13A2 was susceptible to both races at both plant growth stages. Digalu was susceptible to TKTTF, but resistant to TTKSK at seedling stage, and under field condition it showed severity of 63.3S. The lowest mean AUDPC was recorded on the Ogena, Huluka and Shorima varieties with 37, 52.7 and 103.7 values in the mentioned order. In contrast, the highest mean AUDPC of 1225 on Morocco and 805.8 on Digalu were recorded. Similarly, the maximum mean disease infection rate was also recorded on Morocco and Digalu varieties. Hence, varieties Ogena and Huluka that showed resistance to both virulent races at seedling and adult plant growth stages can be used as sources of resistance in wheat breeding program.
Abstract: Stem rust (Black rust) caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is one of the most important air borne diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the central high lands of Ethiopia, including west and southwest Shewa zones. The pathogen is capable to produce new physiological races that attack resistant varieties and develop epidemic under optimal ...
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Tautomerism of 2-Azido-1, 3, 4-Thiadiazole Studied by Theoretical Methods in Gas Phase and Solution
Zeinab Dalirnasab,
Zeinab Suri,
Sudabeh Dalirnasab
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
127-134
Received:
18 June 2015
Accepted:
29 June 2015
Published:
28 October 2015
Abstract: The tautomeric equilibrium of 2-azido-1, 3,4-thiadiazole and [1,3,4] thiadiazolo [3,2-e] tetrazole derivatives (5-H, 5-F, 5-Cl, 5-CH3, 5-CH2CH3, 5-NO2, 5-CN) has been investigated using HF, B3LYP and MP2 level of calculation with the 6-311G (d, p) in the gas phase and solution with full geometry optimization. The calculation results demonstrate 2-azido-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole derivatives are more stable. In addition variation of dipole moments, charges on atoms, HOMO, LUMO and the interfrontier molecular orbital energy gap are studied.
Abstract: The tautomeric equilibrium of 2-azido-1, 3,4-thiadiazole and [1,3,4] thiadiazolo [3,2-e] tetrazole derivatives (5-H, 5-F, 5-Cl, 5-CH3, 5-CH2CH3, 5-NO2, 5-CN) has been investigated using HF, B3LYP and MP2 level of calculation with the 6-311G (d, p) in the gas phase and solution with full geometry optimization. The calculation results demonstrate 2-a...
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