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Modeling the Drift of Earth's Continents
Semen Ilyich Gordeev,
Victoria Nikolaevna Voloshina,
Darya Sergeevna Kolesnikova
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, June 2018
Pages:
86-97
Received:
12 January 2018
Accepted:
5 March 2018
Published:
4 April 2018
Abstract: This article presents the result of the authors' work on the development of the model of the origin and motion of the Earth’s continents from the beginning of their formation to the present state. The paper describes gradual formation and movement of continents formed from the liquid substance and climatic changes that occurred after the change of continents positions.
Abstract: This article presents the result of the authors' work on the development of the model of the origin and motion of the Earth’s continents from the beginning of their formation to the present state. The paper describes gradual formation and movement of continents formed from the liquid substance and climatic changes that occurred after the change of ...
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A Possible Cause of the Siberian LIPs: "Collisions Aggrgation Effect" of an Aerolite Impact
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, June 2018
Pages:
98-106
Received:
8 February 2018
Accepted:
10 March 2018
Published:
9 April 2018
Abstract: The authors believe that the main reason for the formation of the Siberian LIPs may be the nonlinear "Collisions Aggregation Effect" caused by a meteorite impact in the Falkland Plateau crater or Wilkes Land crater, and the correspondence of the Falkland Plateau crater may be better. As a result, the authors have reached the following conclusions and understandings: 1. The late Permian: the siberian LIPs are in the Siberian plate at 60°N, 80°E; the Falkland Plateau crater is located in the southwestern corner of the Gondwana, about at 70°S, 30°E, at the southernmost point of the South American plates, close to the southern orogenic belt of the South America and the stress state of the Falkland Plateau crater may be under pressure; the Wilkes Land crater may be located at 60°S, 110°E, at the eastern Antarctic continent, close to the Australian plate, is not located in the orogenic belt and the stress state of the Wilkes Land crater should not be pressure-type, but is in a wide range of ice covered area; 2. Figure 6 and 7 show the location relationship between the Siberian LIPs and Falkland Plateau crater or Wilkes Land crater does not have a antipodal characteristic, nor have a linear "Collisions Aggregation Effect" profile, but have a nonlinear "Collisions Aggregation Effect" distribution, the Falkland Plateau crater correspondence may be better; 3. Whether or not the Falkland Plateau crater or Wilkes Land crater was finally confirmed as a true meteorite crater, their relationships with the Siberian LIPs should have a nonlinear distribution of "Collisions Aggregation Effect" when the time they formed close to the Siberian LIPs, and is the main reason for the formation of the Siberian LIPs. The velocity vector direction of the meteorite impact may have a smaller angle of impact, and significantly eastward (relative to the Earth's center); 4. About the celestial body which its impact can form LIPs or cause the formation of LIPs, it should have: the impact time should be earlier than LIPs or almost simultaneously; a certain size; the "impact point" and the LIPs distribution area have the "Collisions Aggregation Effect" distribution characteristics; 5. Figure 2 shows a possible formation model about LIPs of a celestial body collision: due to the violent impact of a celestial body, created a tectonic weakness in the crust, even up to the crust-mantle boundary, a fault zone pointing to the Earth's center, and a radial spherical fracture group at the "impact point" or "collisions aggregation point"; the magma originating from the mantle intrude along the weak zone under pressure, a large number of magma invaded and gathered in the radial spherical fracture group, causing the overlying strata rising slowly, forming a dome and a similar head-tail structure of the mantle plume that the head dilated, tail slender deep into the mantle on the longitudinal.
Abstract: The authors believe that the main reason for the formation of the Siberian LIPs may be the nonlinear "Collisions Aggregation Effect" caused by a meteorite impact in the Falkland Plateau crater or Wilkes Land crater, and the correspondence of the Falkland Plateau crater may be better. As a result, the authors have reached the following conclusions a...
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Thermal Enhancement on Planetary Bodies and the Relevance of the Molar Mass Version of the Ideal Gas Law to the Null Hypothesis of Climate Change
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, June 2018
Pages:
107-123
Received:
25 February 2018
Accepted:
14 March 2018
Published:
13 April 2018
Abstract: Presented here is a simple and reliable method of accurately calculating the average near surface atmospheric temperature on all planetary bodies which possess a surface atmospheric pressure of over 0.69kPa, by the use of the molar mass version of the ideal gas law. This method requires a gas constant and the near-surface averages of only three gas parameters; the atmospheric pressure, the atmospheric density and the mean molar mass. The accuracy of this method proves that all information on the effective plus the residual near-surface atmospheric temperature on planetary bodies with thick atmospheres, is automatically ‘baked-in’ to the three mentioned gas parameters. It is also known that whenever an atmospheric pressure exceeds 10kPa, convection and other modes of energy transfer will totally dominate over radiative interactions in the transfer of energy, and that a rising thermal gradient always forms from that level. This rising thermal gradient continues down to the surface, and even below it if there is a depression or a mine-shaft present. This measured thermodynamic situation, coupled with other empirical science presented herein, mean that it is very likely that no one gas has an anomalous effect on atmospheric temperatures that is significantly more than any other gas. In short; there is unlikely to be any significant net warming from the greenhouse effect on any planetary body in the parts of atmospheres which are >10kPa. Instead, it is proposed that the residual temperature difference between the effective temperature and the measured near-surface temperature, is a thermal enhancement caused by gravitationally-induced adiabatic auto-compression, powered by convection. A new null hypothesis of global warming or climate change is therefore proposed and argued for; one which does not include any anomalous or net warming from greenhouse gases in the tropospheric atmospheres of any planetary body.
Abstract: Presented here is a simple and reliable method of accurately calculating the average near surface atmospheric temperature on all planetary bodies which possess a surface atmospheric pressure of over 0.69kPa, by the use of the molar mass version of the ideal gas law. This method requires a gas constant and the near-surface averages of only three gas...
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On the Surface Independent Signals Within the ENSO Events
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, June 2018
Pages:
124-137
Received:
16 May 2018
Accepted:
31 May 2018
Published:
13 June 2018
Abstract: By analyzing the two types of El Niño Southern-Oscillation (ENSO) indices, i.e., the Central Pacific (CP) type index and the Eastern Pacific (EP) type index by Ren and Jin (2011), this study finds that the low correlation between the two types of indices by some previous studies should be reconsidered. Then based on previous ideas of the unified Niño index systems, the new ocean surface regions for the CP and EP El Niño indices’ calculation are defined. The features of the new CP and EP El Niño indices are consistent with sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) evolution along the Pacific equator. This study suggests that, concerning the El Niño characteristics, the CP and EP El Niño indices are not necessarily independent of each other; but their differences are almost absolutely independent of the unified Niño region SSTA. The results quantitatively confirm the relationship between the Trans-Niño Index (TNI) and Niño 3.4 indices (which are nearly independent of each other and provide different flavors for each El Niño event). Results presented here contribute to a better understanding of the nature of the El Niño events.
Abstract: By analyzing the two types of El Niño Southern-Oscillation (ENSO) indices, i.e., the Central Pacific (CP) type index and the Eastern Pacific (EP) type index by Ren and Jin (2011), this study finds that the low correlation between the two types of indices by some previous studies should be reconsidered. Then based on previous ideas of the unified Ni...
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Characteristics and Evaluation of Coral Mixed Soil Base
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, June 2018
Pages:
138-143
Received:
14 May 2018
Accepted:
4 June 2018
Published:
15 June 2018
Abstract: With the human activities gradually into the ocean, especially the implementation of the strategy of the Belt and Road, engineering construction will be more and more involved in the coral sand foundation, and the survey of foundation design specification, has not yet listed coral reef types of geotechnical, field test research on characteristics of coral sand foundation scholars both at home and abroad. However, after the coral reefs are artificially disturbed and blown into the land area, the mixed land foundation with coarse and fine grained soil is formed. In this paper, the characteristics of non-uniform and weak interbedded coral soil are obtained by dynamic field touchdown, pit exploration, particle analysis and Rayleigh wave method. Through triaxial shear tests with different porosity ratios, the results show that the shear strength index of coral sand is higher than that of natural silt sand and silt, and the coralline sand has certain cohesion. Through field loading plate test and dynamic contrast analysis, the reasonable loading plate impact depth, dynamic agent number and coral hybrid bearing capacity of soil foundation has good correlation, and through the analysis of dynamic agent number and the foundation bearing capacity, dynamic agent number and the experience formula of the modulus of deformation, and research has certain reference value to similar projects.
Abstract: With the human activities gradually into the ocean, especially the implementation of the strategy of the Belt and Road, engineering construction will be more and more involved in the coral sand foundation, and the survey of foundation design specification, has not yet listed coral reef types of geotechnical, field test research on characteristics o...
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