-
Research Article
Favorable Reservoir Formation Models for Nearshore Underwater Fans in Narrow and Long Graben Type Fault Basins: A Case from Botai Sag of Yitong Basin
Ke Qin*,
Li He,
Ding Chaolong,
Li Li,
Wang Lei,
Lu Yao,
Cheng Jie,
Xu Fei
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, February 2024
Pages:
1-7
Received:
17 December 2023
Accepted:
4 January 2024
Published:
18 January 2024
Abstract: Yitong Basin is a narrow Cenozoic faulted basin of Tanlu fault zone, in which Sheling Formation in Botai Sag has great exploration potential. Limited by complex geological conditions, unclear reservoir forming control factors and unknown exploration direction, the exploration process is restricted. By utilizing drilling, logging, and seismic data, and through the restoration of ancient landforms, the distribution of underwater fans near the coast of the Botai Depression was finely characterized. Combined with the structural characteristics of the southeastern margin, a favorable reservoir formation model for the northwestern margin of the Botai Depression was conceptualized and established. There are three inshore subaqueous fan bodies in the northwest margin of Botai depression, and two large nose-like structures in the Soudengzhan structural belt in the southeast margin. The two structures are well configured and which can form lithologic structural traps. The southeast margin of the traps is controlled by the pinch-out line of sand bodies and the northwest margin is controlled by the structure. The concept of establishing a favorable reservoir formation model for the nearshore underwater fan of a narrow and long graben style fault basin has expanded the favorable exploration field of the Botai Depression.
Abstract: Yitong Basin is a narrow Cenozoic faulted basin of Tanlu fault zone, in which Sheling Formation in Botai Sag has great exploration potential. Limited by complex geological conditions, unclear reservoir forming control factors and unknown exploration direction, the exploration process is restricted. By utilizing drilling, logging, and seismic data, ...
Show More
-
Research Article
Implication of Epithermal Mineralization as Proxy for Geothermal Energy Potentiality in Puga, Ladakh UT, India
Archisman Dutta*,
Parashar Mishra,
Ayodhya Prasad Thapliyal,
Vishal Vasantrao Sakhare,
Pramod Kumar Singh,
Biswajit Ray
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, February 2024
Pages:
8-13
Received:
5 January 2024
Accepted:
15 January 2024
Published:
1 February 2024
Abstract: The present study area, Puga, is located along the inflexion point of Indian and Asian plates comprising of zone of anatectic melting, where thermal activity is attributed to the extensive igneous activity during Upper Cretaceous to late Tertiary age. The area is characterized by geysers, past fumaroles, steaming grounds and mud pools with vast spread of sulfur, carbonates and borax deposits with surface temperature of hot springs of 84°C, which is the boiling point of water at ~ 4500 m above mean sea level. It is the only known geothermal system where rare alkali enrichment in thermal fluids follows the sequence: Cs > Li > Rb. Our study shows for the first-time evidence of lithium containing mica mineral, polylithionite, in the thermal spring deposits. The characteristic Na-Cl composition of thermal waters points to recurrent interactions between high-temperature fluids and the crystalline or volcanic rocks in the ancient reservoir beneath, unequivocally suggesting prevailing partial equilibration conditions with rock-forming minerals in thermal waters. The study also shows occurrence of epithermal minerals like jarosite, thenardite, alunite, tincalconite in the hot spring deposits with reservoir temperature estimated from multiple ion exchange geothermometers of ~250°C. Calculations show that meteoric water circulates at a minimum depth of approximately 1.5 km where it assimilates solutes through magmatic convection and emerge as hot springs. High heat flow and Cs-enrichment in thermal fluids are indications of cooling acid magma chamber at a significant depth which influences heat influx and the formation of epithermal minerals. Therefore, this study presents a state-of-art approach demonstrating that the presence of hydrothermal minerals within surface hot spring deposits can act as a promising indicator for identifying shallow high-temperature zones in the reservoir.
Abstract: The present study area, Puga, is located along the inflexion point of Indian and Asian plates comprising of zone of anatectic melting, where thermal activity is attributed to the extensive igneous activity during Upper Cretaceous to late Tertiary age. The area is characterized by geysers, past fumaroles, steaming grounds and mud pools with vast spr...
Show More
-
Research Article
Geology and Geochemical Characterization of Basement Rocks Around Burumburum Area North Central Basement Complex Nigeria
Lawal Mohammed Lukman*,
Tavershima Najime,
Paul Olusegun Ogunleye,
Shehu Magaji,
Nyajon Kubuza Caleb
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, February 2024
Pages:
14-38
Received:
9 January 2024
Accepted:
26 January 2024
Published:
21 February 2024
Abstract: The geology and the geochemical characterization of rocks around Burumburum area north central basement complex of Nigeria was studied. Twelve (12) rocks samples were prepared for petrographic studies through a standard procedure while thirty (30) whole rocks samples were analyzed using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS). The result of the field investigation revealed that the study area is underlain by migmatites, gneisses, biotite microgranites, fine grained biotite granites, medium grained biotite granites, porphyritic biotite-hornblende granites, granodiorites, syenites, diorites, dolerites, quartzite, pegmatites and aplites. The geochemical characterizations of the granites, granodiorites, syenites based on Na2O/K2O versus SiO2 showed acidic compositions while diorites and dolerites are intermediate to basic compositions. The granites, granodiorites, syenites, diorites and dolerites are generally peraluminous (ASI>1.1) to metaluminous (ASI≤1). The granitic rocks, diorites, dolerites and syenites plotted mainly in shoshonite series while the granodiorites occur in High-K calc-alkaline fields. The granitic rocks, syenites, diorite and dolerites based on A/CNK versus SiO2 are of I-type while granodiorites are of S-type. The multi-elements discrimination trends for granites, granodiorites, syenites, diorites and dolerites revealed relative enrichment in Large Ion Lithophile Elements (LILE: Ba, La, Rb, and Th and depletion in High Field Strength Elements (HFSE: Nb, P, Ti and Sr) which indicates crustal contamination of magma. The enrichment in the light rare earth element (LREE) relative to heavy rare earth element (HREE) for granodiorites, fine grained biotite granites, medium grained biotite granites (except medium grained biotite granites S12 and S14 with positive Eu), porphyritic biotite-hornblende granites and syenites with negative Eu anomaly suggest moderate to high degree of fractionation. The enrichment in light rare earth element (LREE) for diorites and dolerites relative to moderate to flat HREE with weak negative Eu anomaly indicates low degree of fractionation. The Y+Nb vs Rb, Y vs Nb, Ta + Yb vs Rb and Yb vs Ta tectonic discrimination diagram revealed that granites and syenites plotted mainly within volcanic arc granite, syn-collisional granite and in the within plate granites fields, the granodiorites clearly plotted in the within the plate granites field. The tectonic ternary molecular proportions MgO – FeOt – Al2O3 revealed that dolerites and diorites plotted mainly in the spreading center island field.
Abstract: The geology and the geochemical characterization of rocks around Burumburum area north central basement complex of Nigeria was studied. Twelve (12) rocks samples were prepared for petrographic studies through a standard procedure while thirty (30) whole rocks samples were analyzed using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass S...
Show More
-
Research Article
Research on the Differences of Climatic Characteristics of Different Levels of Gale Disasters in Northern Xinjiang
Fan Hu,
Chenliang Liu,
Ming Hu,
Xiaofeng Xie,
Xinsheng Lv*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, February 2024
Pages:
39-48
Received:
20 November 2023
Accepted:
29 January 2024
Published:
28 February 2024
Abstract: Disaster damage index and disaster grades are constructed by using multi index method on the basis of overall consideration, based on the disaster data of 671 wind disasters taking place in 38 counties (cities) in Northern Xinjiang from 1980 to 2019, and by selecting six disaster factors including the death toll, the number of collapsed houses, the number of collapsed sheds, the number of damaged green houses, the number of livestock deaths and the affected area caused by each wind disaster event. The results show that in space, wind disasters are the most frequent in Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture and Altay Prefecture, and the losses caused by wind disasters are the most severe along Tianshan Mountain in Northern Xinjiang and Altay Prefecture. In terms of time, wind disasters in Northern Xinjiang are mainly concentrated in spring and summer (from March to August), of which April and May are the months with the highest frequency. In recent 40 years, the occurrence times and extent of harm of wind disasters in Northern Xinjiang have shown a linear growth trend; the occurrence times of wind disasters at various grades and the extent of harm have increased significantly during the years around 2000; it is found, upon examination, there was a sudden change of climate in the late 1990s, and the increase rate is inversely proportional to the grade of wind disaster. Therefore, the wind disasters in Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Altay Prefecture and the area along Tianshan Mountain in Northern Xinjiang from April to May each year are the areas in Northern Xinjiang with the highest wind disaster risk. The study can provide scientific basis for wind disaster prevention and control in Northern Xinjiang.
Abstract: Disaster damage index and disaster grades are constructed by using multi index method on the basis of overall consideration, based on the disaster data of 671 wind disasters taking place in 38 counties (cities) in Northern Xinjiang from 1980 to 2019, and by selecting six disaster factors including the death toll, the number of collapsed houses, the...
Show More
