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Child Trafficking in the Case of Wolaita Zone, Southern Nation Nationalities and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia
Yishak Gecho,
Asrat Worku
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, March 2018
Pages:
38-53
Received:
12 March 2018
Accepted:
29 March 2018
Published:
15 May 2018
Abstract: This study was conducted in Woliata Zone of Southern Ethiopia where the practice of child trafficking is one of the most challenging problems and happing at alarming rate. Its aim was to assess prevalenceof child trafficking; to identify and investigate the causes and consequences of child trafficking in the study area and finally to analysis demographic and socio-economic characteristics of trafficked children and parents of the victims. For the purpose of this study primary data were collected from 90 trafficked children in three administrative towns and 87 parents of the victim in four rural woredas (districts) of the zone. In addition, key informant interview and focus group discussion were used to supplement the survey with qualitative information. Secondary data were also collected from various relevant sources. Descriptive statistics was applied to characterize the survey children's and parents' social, economic and demographic factors. The finding of the study revealed that the basic livelihood assets like farm size is very small and is not in position to enable families of trafficked children to generate adequate income and access to food in sustainable way. Majority of the survey parents (75.9%) owned no oxen during the survey period. Themean age of trafficked children was 13.2 years old with minimum age was 8 years. About 57.8% trafficked children reported that food access for their family is very bad. Friends/peer pressure, brokers and families are the major agents of child trafficking in the study area. The large proportion (92.4%) of the survey children reported that poor economic condition of their family is a major factors which facilitate the processes. Labour exploitation is a common practice among trafficked children. Majority of the interviewed children reported that their life situation after trafficking is worst. Out of total survey children about 76.6% dropped education. The data from both the survey and key informant interview depicted that trafficked children are facing a serious negative consequences like punishment, unfair payment, hunger, poor health (sickness) and labour exploitation, sleeping under ditch/homelessness, begging, rape, psychological, mental and physical abuse. Many children had no knowledge about the negative consequences of the trafficking before exposure. The results of this study therefore suggest that government and other concerned bodies to give considerable attention in designing relevant strategies to overcome the existing problem of child trafficking.
Abstract: This study was conducted in Woliata Zone of Southern Ethiopia where the practice of child trafficking is one of the most challenging problems and happing at alarming rate. Its aim was to assess prevalenceof child trafficking; to identify and investigate the causes and consequences of child trafficking in the study area and finally to analysis demog...
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The Accounting Post-Employment Benefits Based on Actuarial Calculations
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, March 2018
Pages:
54-58
Received:
9 February 2018
Accepted:
8 May 2018
Published:
28 May 2018
Abstract: The accounting post-employment benefits based on actuarial calculations, at present remains a subject studied in Moldova only theoretically. Applying actuarial calculations of accounting in fact denotes its character of evolving. Because national accounting standards have been adapted to international, which in turn require the valuation of assets and debts at fair value, there is a need to draw up exact calculations on which stands the theory of probability and mathematical statistics. One of the main objectives of accounting information is reflected in its financial situations and providing internal and external users of the entity. Hence the need to reflect highly reliable information that can be provided by applying actuarial calculations. In this article is proposed methods of determining the pensions of employees in the case of the formation of the private pension fund. In fact, a private pension fund within the enterprise aims at motivating the employees to increase the quality of the manufactured products, the services rendered and the executed works. This article helps the entities to set up a private pension fund in the Republic of Moldova.
Abstract: The accounting post-employment benefits based on actuarial calculations, at present remains a subject studied in Moldova only theoretically. Applying actuarial calculations of accounting in fact denotes its character of evolving. Because national accounting standards have been adapted to international, which in turn require the valuation of assets ...
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2017 Iraqi Kurdistan’s Referendum for Independence: Causes and Impacts
Zhao Changfeng,
Otenia Temitayo
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, March 2018
Pages:
59-67
Received:
19 December 2017
Accepted:
20 January 2018
Published:
13 June 2018
Abstract: On 20 November 2017, Iraqi Supreme Court has declared illegal the Iraqi Kurdistan referendum. This seems to put an end to the disagreement between Baghdad and Erbil and the long struggle of Iraqi Kurds to independence. The Kurdish issue has long haunted the Middle East, and the efforts of the Kurds to have a nation of their own have had a profound impact on the political landscape of the Middle East region. On September 25, 2017, the Iraqi Kurdish Autonomous Region held a referendum to decide whether to be independent or not. The results were opposed by the international community, especially by the neighboring countries of Iraq. This is mainly due to the fear of spillover effects on their own populations and the impact on the Middle East. This paper analyzes the causes and the consequences of the independence referendum on Iraqi Kurdish Autonomous Region relations with Iraq’s central government, geopolitics in the Middle East and anti-terrorism war.
Abstract: On 20 November 2017, Iraqi Supreme Court has declared illegal the Iraqi Kurdistan referendum. This seems to put an end to the disagreement between Baghdad and Erbil and the long struggle of Iraqi Kurds to independence. The Kurdish issue has long haunted the Middle East, and the efforts of the Kurds to have a nation of their own have had a profound ...
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The Present Situation, Problems and Policy Suggestions of the Development of Heze E-commerce
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, March 2018
Pages:
68-75
Received:
19 June 2018
Published:
20 June 2018
Abstract: At present, our country's economy has developed to the key period of transformation and upgrading. The main task of the current economic is to work to excavate the economic growth point and cultivate new kinetic energy. The rural areas are faced with dual tasks of economic and social transformation. "The Nineteen Congress of the People's Congress" report puts forward the strategy of "Implementing Rural Revitalization", which requires the priority of agricultural and rural development and accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. In order to find the breakthrough point of rural revitalization, the author has been engaged in a lot of field investigation and research for many years. Through the practical experience of the development of electronic commerce in various places, the author summarizes the role and law of e-commerce to the rural economy and social development. Through field investigation and visit, this paper combs the current situation of the development of electronic commerce in Heze through case study, summarizes the experience of Heze in the process of e-commerce development, which has an important inspiration for the development of rural e-commerce in other areas. In the course of the investigation, there are also some problems in the development process of Heze rural e-commerce, such as the lack of competitiveness, lack of talent, the difficulty of enterprise financing, etc., and put forward four policy suggestions to promote the transformation of traditional enterprises, cultivate the leading enterprises of Internet business, and encourage financial innovation.
Abstract: At present, our country's economy has developed to the key period of transformation and upgrading. The main task of the current economic is to work to excavate the economic growth point and cultivate new kinetic energy. The rural areas are faced with dual tasks of economic and social transformation. "The Nineteen Congress of the People's Congress" ...
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Study on the Spatial Structure of Ethnic Settlement in the Upper Reaches of Minjiang River and Its Protection Strategy
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, March 2018
Pages:
76-81
Received:
19 June 2018
Published:
20 June 2018
Abstract: On the characteristics performance of national settlement value, there is not only a single settlement spatial organization characteristic, but also put up the relationship between the organizational structures of settlements. Through the study of field survey and literature on the settlement of ethnic groups upper reaches of Minjiang River, and questionnaire interview of villagers self-organization construction mode, to summarize the construction process between the special geographical environment and the villagers symbiotic relationship upper reaches of Minjiang River, analyze the choice between the Unique social, historical changes of ethnic settlement and Villagers diversified living styles, and point out the logic mechanism of the formation of spatial organization structure in ethnic settlement. At last, putting out that pointing at the spatial structure and characteristics of settlements in different regions should construct corresponding protection strategies and implementation paths in the spatial practice of institutionalized rural settlement.
Abstract: On the characteristics performance of national settlement value, there is not only a single settlement spatial organization characteristic, but also put up the relationship between the organizational structures of settlements. Through the study of field survey and literature on the settlement of ethnic groups upper reaches of Minjiang River, and qu...
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Refinement and Screening Geographical Elements and Characteristics of Natural Landscape in Panjin Region
Wang Jinxia,
Yan Hongwei,
Wang Ningwen
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, March 2018
Pages:
82-87
Received:
25 June 2018
Published:
26 June 2018
Abstract: Natural landscape refers to the natural complex formed by the interaction of natural elements. It is the basis for the formation of man-made landscapes. This paper uses Google maps and on-site investigations to investigate the natural landscape in Panjin City and investigate its natural landscape elements such as landforms, vegetation, soil, water bodies, and animals. According to the regional landscape connotation, the assessment criteria for regional landscape elements are determined to screen out regional features. The natural landscape constituent elements refine the characteristics of regional natural landscape elements, providing a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the landscape construction of a region. The result is that the elements of geographical landscape are screened out: vegetation is the dominant factor; landforms and soil are the basic elements; water is the influence factor; birds and river crabs are the ecological elements. Characteristics of regional components in Panjin region are by a wide and flat terrain, vertical and horizontal rivers, and tidal creeks. The plants are relatively single, there are few woody plants, and there are many salt-tolerant wet plants. Large areas of 'Red Beach', vast reed marshes, reed meadows, and red and green dynamic zonal shoal landscapes have a distinct color season. It creates a diverse ecological environment for birds and crabs. Large-scale groups have also become the most symbolic geographical symbol in Panjin region.
Abstract: Natural landscape refers to the natural complex formed by the interaction of natural elements. It is the basis for the formation of man-made landscapes. This paper uses Google maps and on-site investigations to investigate the natural landscape in Panjin City and investigate its natural landscape elements such as landforms, vegetation, soil, water ...
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