-
Research Article
Household Vulnerability and Poverty in the Bikoro Territory in Democratic Republic of Congo: Analysis of the Macro and Microeconomic Shocks of the 2018 Ebola Epidemic
Joël Fumwakwau Kiniati*,
Joseph Oyaya Mundala,
Leurby Ikina Bokele,
Dada Mukwambanza Masasi,
Crispin Mabika Mabika
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2023
Pages:
260-268
Received:
24 October 2023
Accepted:
11 November 2023
Published:
21 November 2023
Abstract: On May 8, 2018, the Democratic Republic of Congo officially declared the occurrence of the ninth episode of Ebola Virus Disease in the territory of Bikoro, Equateur province. This epidemic has caused enormous damage to the province's economy and also to the standard of living in households. The deterioration in the economic fabric has led to inflationary pressures, weakened the capacity to mobilize tax revenues and increased the potential risks to the viability of public finances at provincial level. Further more, it has seriously threatened food security and plunged many already vulnerable households into extreme poverty. Overall, the slowdown in economic activity in all sectors resulting from the combined effects of the fall in aggregate demand and the demobilization of factors of production will lead to: a fall in the overall supply of products, particularly agricultural products, with a consequent increase in food insecurity; a reduction in wage and non-wage household incomes and a worsening of poverty. Tax revenues have also fallen, worsening the public deficit and debt sustainability. The scarcity of basic products has fueled speculation on the market, leading to high price inflation and even the destabilization of the macroeconomic framework at provincial level. Material and monetary poverty, the sector of activity and high household size are the main determinants of poverty. The impact of the epidemic has affected agricultural production and, ultimately, household income. The reallocation of household expenditure is eloquent proof of vulnerability.
Abstract: On May 8, 2018, the Democratic Republic of Congo officially declared the occurrence of the ninth episode of Ebola Virus Disease in the territory of Bikoro, Equateur province. This epidemic has caused enormous damage to the province's economy and also to the standard of living in households. The deterioration in the economic fabric has led to inflat...
Show More
-
Research Article
Engels' Critical Thought on Space and Its Contemporary Value —— Perspectives Based on The Condition of the Working-Class in England
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2023
Pages:
269-274
Received:
29 October 2023
Accepted:
20 November 2023
Published:
24 November 2023
Abstract: Engels's publication, The Condition of the Working-Class in England (referred to as The Condition), is a significant exploration of his new worldview, containing rich and profound spatial critique. It holds an important position in the history of Marxist development. Throughout the writing process of this work, Engels referred to a large amount of data and had conversations with the workers. He elucidated the issues of capital accumulation and expansion from the dimensions of regional and global expansion of capitalism. He explored the changes in capitalist cities and rural areas from the dimensions of the urban-rural divide and urban expansion. He revealed the impact of rapid capitalist development on the working class from the dimension of the deterioration of the working class's production and living spaces. The analysis of these three dimensions collectively constitutes a critique of capitalism and has profound implications for spatial critique. Engels' research fully focuses on spatial entities such as cities, factories, and residences, integrating his thoughts on productive forces and relations into these spatial forms. He made significant contributions to the formation of a historical materialist spatial perspective, and his work profoundly reveals the spatial living conditions of the British working class, which is conducive to awakening the working class and has important significance for spatial research methodology.
Abstract: Engels's publication, The Condition of the Working-Class in England (referred to as The Condition), is a significant exploration of his new worldview, containing rich and profound spatial critique. It holds an important position in the history of Marxist development. Throughout the writing process of this work, Engels referred to a large amount of ...
Show More
-
Research Article
The Impact of Geographical Location on the Foreign Policy of the State of the Comoros
Abdulrahman Hassan Saleh Mojamil,
Abdulhameed Hamid Gareed,
Mujeeb Abdurahman Ahmed Hajeb
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2023
Pages:
275-280
Received:
21 October 2023
Accepted:
16 November 2023
Published:
29 November 2023
Abstract: The geographical location of any country is of great importance to remain the main concern of decision-makers in the state, as the geographical location is one of the most important factors that judge the strength or weakness of the state, and no country resorts to making any decision regarding its foreign affairs and its relationship with the countries of the outside world without taking into account its geographical location and how it will affect or be affected by the geographical location of the state, as for its internal affairs, any country's awareness of the importance of its geographical location enables it to benefit from it more in building and developing State, and accordingly this research will address the study of the geographical location of the Islamic Arab State of the Comoros by showing the importance of the geographical location for the state geographically and astronomically and for its neighboring countries, and the research will focus on mentioning some of the strengths added by the geographical location of the State of the Comoros and in return to clarify the weaknesses suffered by the state as a result of the geographical location, and the research will address the main point, which is the extent of the impact of the geographical location on the foreign policy of the State of Comoros and its impact on it concluded the research by recalling once again the importance of the geographical location for the State of the Comoros, listing some recommendations that may benefit the decision-maker in the State of Comoros to exploit the strengths of the geographical location and mitigate the consequences of the weaknesses that the geographical location of the State confers.
Abstract: The geographical location of any country is of great importance to remain the main concern of decision-makers in the state, as the geographical location is one of the most important factors that judge the strength or weakness of the state, and no country resorts to making any decision regarding its foreign affairs and its relationship with the coun...
Show More
-
Research Article
The Relationship Between Cognitive Bias and Logical Fallacies in Egyptian Society
Rehab Mohamed Ahmed Abd-Eldayem
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2023
Pages:
281-293
Received:
6 November 2023
Accepted:
21 November 2023
Published:
30 November 2023
Abstract: Individuals are exposed on a daily basis to a vast amount of contradictory and misleading information. This puts them in a position where they must distinguish between accurate information and falsehoods, claims, and fallacies that have no basis in truth, in order to make appropriate decisions. Purpose: The current study aims to uncover common logical fallacies in Egyptian society and examine the relationship between cognitive bias and logical fallacies. In addition to investigating the role of the interaction between some demographic variables (sex, age and level of education) and cognitive bias in determining the type of logical fallacies. Methodology: The participants comprised 234 participants in Egyptian society aged between 15-60 years (M=27.18, s.d=8.48) years. The participants completed Cognitive Bias Scale and Informal Logical fallacies Questionnaire. Results: The results indicate that the most common logical fallacies in Egyptian society are manipulating through distraction (58%) and Manipulating through emotions (56%), the current study also indicates that There is a positive relationship between cognitive bias and logical fallacies and there are not differences between males and females in logical fallacies. Additionally, adolescents exhibit more logical fallacies compared to adults and elderly individuals. Furthermore, individuals with lower levels of education tend to have more logical fallacies compared to those with higher levels of education. Finally, the results indicate that an interaction effect between age and anchoring bias in determining the type and level of logical fallacies, as adolescents high in anchoring bias recognized their inductive fallacy.
Abstract: Individuals are exposed on a daily basis to a vast amount of contradictory and misleading information. This puts them in a position where they must distinguish between accurate information and falsehoods, claims, and fallacies that have no basis in truth, in order to make appropriate decisions. Purpose: The current study aims to uncover common logi...
Show More
-
Research Article
An Adaptive Representational Explanation of COVID-19’s Evolution
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2023
Pages:
294-302
Received:
1 November 2023
Accepted:
23 November 2023
Published:
5 December 2023
Abstract: The outbreak of the SARSCoV-2 (COVID-19) virus in 2019 heralded the beginning of a global epidemic. In the past three years, the virus has mutated significantly at least five times, each time creating new variants that pose unprecedented challenges to human survival and adaptation. Through long-term replication and bidirectional selection founded on the environment, the evolution of the virus strains from Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta to Omicron and a series of variants, reflecting their increasing ability of adaption to the environment. Its biological adaptation instinct enables its mutated strains to continuously evade the protection of vaccines in the process of evolution, and the toxicity is gradually weakened, so that the virus can adapt to the physical environment of the host (human or animal) to the greatest extent, and can coexist for a long time. Using adaptive characterization as the explanation method, it is shown that virus is an adaptive agent and its variation is the result of adaptive process. As a basic explanatory framework, adaptive representation reflects the essential operating mechanism of various functional systems.This method can well explain the changes in human immunity and the changes in understanding of the novel coronavirus, and also reflects the interpretation role of adaptive representation in biological variation, conceptual change and theoretical replacement, which can use adaptive representation to better understand the changes in the material structure of the virus and the evolutionary means based on environmental adaptability.
Abstract: The outbreak of the SARSCoV-2 (COVID-19) virus in 2019 heralded the beginning of a global epidemic. In the past three years, the virus has mutated significantly at least five times, each time creating new variants that pose unprecedented challenges to human survival and adaptation. Through long-term replication and bidirectional selection founded o...
Show More
-
Research Article
An Empirical Study on the Impact of China's Energy Consumption on Economic Growth Under the Background of "Dual Carbon"
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2023
Pages:
303-311
Received:
3 May 2023
Accepted:
5 December 2023
Published:
8 December 2023
Abstract: Our country is faced with a complex economic development environment at present stage, such as imbalance of global energy supply and demand. It is very important to study the energy consumption structure to our economic development. In this paper, economic growth, coal consumption, oil consumption, natural gas consumption, primary power consumption and other energy consumption during 1992-2021 are used as time series data to analyze the impact of coal consumption, oil consumption, natural gas consumption, primary power consumption and other energy consumption on China's economic growth. The empirical results show that oil consumption, primary power consumption and other energy consumption have a significant positive effect on our economic growth. Oil consumption, primary power consumption and other energy consumption can promote our economic growth, that is, every 1% increase in oil consumption, on average, GDP increases by 1.472%. When primary electricity and other energy consumption increases by every 1 percent, on average, our GDP increases by 0.419 percent. But total energy consumption, coal consumption and natural gas consumption have an insignificant effect on our economic growth. Therefore, our country actively takes measures to promote our economy to realize green economy, and then realize the "double carbon" goal as soon as possible.
Abstract: Our country is faced with a complex economic development environment at present stage, such as imbalance of global energy supply and demand. It is very important to study the energy consumption structure to our economic development. In this paper, economic growth, coal consumption, oil consumption, natural gas consumption, primary power consumption...
Show More
-
Research Article
A Psychosocial Comparative Analysis of Woman in Islam and Woman in Feminism
Mohammad Mushfequr Rahman
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2023
Pages:
312-325
Received:
22 November 2023
Accepted:
6 December 2023
Published:
14 December 2023
Abstract: The article explores normative aspects of Islam concerning women, asserting the necessity for women to possess specific cognitive attributes of belief, judgment, thinking, and perception, along with emotional and behavioral aspects. It advocates for an Islamic social program tailored for women, to be implemented through the Islamic legal system. Despite potential issues like replicability and biases in psychology, the paper predominantly relies on widely accepted psychological theories. For dissenting perspectives, the author incorporates theories aligned with Islamic-prescribed psychology. The paper acknowledges occasional non-functioning of psychological theories but emphasizes the cumulative efficacy and functioning of established probabilistic-statistical theories. Focused on a narrow aspect of gender studies, the research posits that the proposed social program, once realized, could profoundly and positively impact human civilization, fostering collaborative collective conscience at the individual, familial, and societal levels. The emphasis is on promoting gender roles not as a means of male dominance or persecution but as a revelation of each gender's contributive evolutionary roles. The article underscores the significance of understanding human psychology in shaping effective policies for survival, reproductive success, and overall well-being, encompassing mental health, wealth, and societal progress. It juxtaposes the female gender in both Islamic and feminist contexts, delineating differences based on essential nature, virginity, chastity, hijab, gender mixing, free sex, and patriarchy. As a policy-oriented document grounded in psychological science, the paper proposes an alternative gender construct, challenging the prevailing paradigm. Notably, it upholds the relevance and intellectual competitiveness of Islam in contemporary society.
Abstract: The article explores normative aspects of Islam concerning women, asserting the necessity for women to possess specific cognitive attributes of belief, judgment, thinking, and perception, along with emotional and behavioral aspects. It advocates for an Islamic social program tailored for women, to be implemented through the Islamic legal system. De...
Show More
-
Research Article
The Dependence of the Egyptian Public on News Websites to Obtain Information About Vaccines Against the Emerging Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2023
Pages:
326-338
Received:
22 November 2023
Accepted:
14 December 2023
Published:
26 December 2023
Abstract: This research objectivizes to reveal Egyptian public`s dependency upon number of Egyptian and international news websites (in Arabic) to access to information regarding COVID-19 vaccines and the stimulus of choice to these websites as a source of information. The research depends upon the hypothesis of media dependency theory, it was implemented on purposive sample of 209 individuals using electronic questionnaire. Besides, the interview guide implemented on 12 cases. The research demonstrated that 71.7% of the sample depend upon these websites as a source of information-especially Youm7, and B.B.C. Arabic- and revealed the impact of dependency on these websites on the public's knowledge, affective and behavioral aspects, moreover, the research examined the educational level impact on some of these aspects, particularly those related to the importance of adhering to precautionary measures after vaccination, furthermore the findings demonstrated the influence of religious factors and residence on some cognitive, emotional and behavioral aspects resulting from dependency of media. The research also highlighted various mechanisms of developing news service, such as content enhancement with more statics and constantly updating them, and the significance of neutrally covering all perspectives of the issue, which most Egyptian news websites lack, it is associated with perspective of dependency theory regarding the relationship between media and prevailing political.
Abstract: This research objectivizes to reveal Egyptian public`s dependency upon number of Egyptian and international news websites (in Arabic) to access to information regarding COVID-19 vaccines and the stimulus of choice to these websites as a source of information. The research depends upon the hypothesis of media dependency theory, it was implemented on...
Show More
