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African Labour and Foreign Capital: The Case of Wonji-Shewa Sugar Estate in Ethiopia, 1951-1974
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, October 2022
Pages:
245-253
Received:
11 October 2021
Accepted:
8 November 2021
Published:
5 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ss.20221105.11
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Abstract: Africa has been known for its cheap labour rather than competitive labour until this day. Regardless of Africans’ immense contribution to the development of world economy by providing their labour, they could not get a fair treatment and payment. Being at low skill level and having undeveloped social organization might have been ascribed to the prevailing poor wage among African labourers. Nevertheless, Africans have been underpaid even in works which do not require any intermediate or special skills. Thus, African labour is mercilessly exploited because of the strong link created between the owners of the capital (most of the time foreigners) and the corrupted African leaders. Ethiopia was no exception. This paper, therefore, tries to investigate how the strong link between foreign capital and the Imperial Government of Ethiopia was responsible for the misery of workers at Wonji-Shewa Sugar Estate. It employed a qualitative approach where document analysis, observation and in-depth interview were used as tools to collect pertinent data. The findings show that the Imperial Government of Ethiopia and the Dutch Company, Handels Vereeniging Amsterdam (HVA) worked only to maximize their profit at the expense of Ethiopian labourers. Needless to say, the workers were segregated from all benefits and forced to live in a precarious life conditions.
Abstract: Africa has been known for its cheap labour rather than competitive labour until this day. Regardless of Africans’ immense contribution to the development of world economy by providing their labour, they could not get a fair treatment and payment. Being at low skill level and having undeveloped social organization might have been ascribed to the pre...
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Palace Architecture: Culture as a Determinant of Its Design
Binwell Nkonde Dioma,
Brian Katongo,
Albert Malama
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, October 2022
Pages:
254-258
Received:
14 July 2022
Accepted:
18 August 2022
Published:
5 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ss.20221105.12
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Abstract: Proposing that architecture and culture coexistence between them, it follows that architecture must ‘house’ the activities of culture. Culture is the manner in which people do things, how life is lived, and describes the total life style of the people in a particular location. Culture to fulfill its role, must have functional space in which it can display and manifest its activity. Architectural design must therefore be able to provide space in which this activity and life style can take place. While it is a fact that both architecture and culture are dynamic in nature and will move towards what is better, culture must not easily succumb to architectural demands and its attractiveness. To this end, research must be thorough enough to provide solutions to avoid erasing the richness of culture. Architecture must not be too quick to give its solution at the expense of culture. The coming up of design and construction of tradition chiefs palaces country wide has prompted the writing of this paper to avoid the approaches to the designs which seem to have omitted the aspect of culture which is supposed to have manifested in the designs. The argument lies in that culture must be compensated in the design of architecture because of the interaction which exists between culture and architecture. The paper tries to investigate the major importance of palace architecture development of the Lamba chiefs of the Copperbelt Province of Zambia.
Abstract: Proposing that architecture and culture coexistence between them, it follows that architecture must ‘house’ the activities of culture. Culture is the manner in which people do things, how life is lived, and describes the total life style of the people in a particular location. Culture to fulfill its role, must have functional space in which it can ...
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Public Image and Job Performance of Police Personnel as Mediated by Perception of Neighborhood Crime
Ariel Alamban,
Nestor Nabe,
Rodrigo Sumuob
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, October 2022
Pages:
259-282
Received:
14 July 2022
Accepted:
27 August 2022
Published:
5 September 2022
Abstract: The main purpose of this study was to determine the public image and job performance of police personnel as mediated by perception of neighborhood crime using a mediation model of Baron and Kenny. The research was done through non-experimental quantitative research design utilizing descriptive-correlational technique. Mean, Pearson r, multiple regression, and Medgraph with Sobel z-test were the statistical tools used. The research also used adapted questionnaires that were modified to suit the current study. Data was generated through stratified random sampling technique with 300 adult residents in Davao City as the respondents. The research was conducted through e-survey using Google form to gather the data. Based on the findings of the study, there is no significant relationship between public image and job performance of police personnel, nor between perception of neighborhood crime and job performance, but there is a significant relationship between perception of neighborhood crime and public image of the police. It was also revealed that there is a partial mediating effect of perception of neighborhood crime on the relationship between public image and job performance of police personnel. The result implies that part of the independent variable is intervened by the mediating variable, but other parts are either direct or mediated by other variables that are not included in the model.
Abstract: The main purpose of this study was to determine the public image and job performance of police personnel as mediated by perception of neighborhood crime using a mediation model of Baron and Kenny. The research was done through non-experimental quantitative research design utilizing descriptive-correlational technique. Mean, Pearson r, multiple regr...
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Bukovina and Its Poets: A Country Where Men and Books Lived
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, October 2022
Pages:
283-290
Received:
14 July 2022
Accepted:
8 August 2022
Published:
5 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ss.20221105.14
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Abstract: Bucovina was snatched from oblivion in the consciousness of the educated world of Europe when it was realized that Paul Celan (Czernowitz 1920 - Paris 1970) had spoken of his homeland, the city of Czernowitz, as a country “where men and books lived”. Since then other poets from Bukovina have received recognition, such as Rose Ausländer (Czernowitz 1901 - Düsseldorf 1988), Immanuel Weissglas (Czernowitz 1920 - Bucharest 1979), Selma Meerbaum-Eisinger (Czernowitz 1924 - Mikhailovka 1942) among others. All the accounts of Czernowitz in the inter-war period speak of the city’s abundance of cultural life, with intense poetic circles and literary activity that was while remote from the major intellectual centers not at all “provincial”, but rather a hotbed that gave birth to some of the greatest names in German-language poetry of the 20th century. Paradoxically, it was Germany that destroyed the foundations of its own high culture in Eastern Europe between 1941 and 1944. This essay presents the main currents of this still little-known poetry, placing it in the context of what was until 1919 the former Austro-Hungarian province of Bucovina, and then between the two wars Romanian province. In this period German-language poetry flowered, with Alfred Margul Sperber (Storozhinets, Bucovina 1898 - Bucharest 1967) and Alfred Kittner (Czernowitz 1906 - Düsseldorf 1991), until the dispersal into exile and subsequent disappearance of this poetry after the war and the Shoah. But before disappearing completely, it experienced a “final blossoming”, like a firework, posthumous and delocalized, dislocated from the land where it was born. Among the texts cited, we shall present some poems by the very young Selma Meerbaum, who died during deportation to Mikhailovka, and an unpublished poem taken from Paul Celan’s Tabarest Notebook, written in 1943 in a compulsory labor camp in Romania during the war.
Abstract: Bucovina was snatched from oblivion in the consciousness of the educated world of Europe when it was realized that Paul Celan (Czernowitz 1920 - Paris 1970) had spoken of his homeland, the city of Czernowitz, as a country “where men and books lived”. Since then other poets from Bukovina have received recognition, such as Rose Ausländer (Czernowitz ...
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Bimoist Rituals of Epidemic Prevention and Ethnic Health Communication in Liangshan of Southwest China
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, October 2022
Pages:
291-297
Received:
22 August 2022
Accepted:
2 September 2022
Published:
8 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ss.20221105.15
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Abstract: In the bimoist culture, the origin of the epidemic of gods, ghosts, and nature construct a triple epidemic prevention system supported by bimo (or bimoist priest), the public, and the community in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Southwest China. From the perspective of the bimoist culture of Yi ethnic minority people (also known as Nuosu or Nosu), this paper investigates the significance of symbolic interactive ritual chain in ethnic memory, ethnic identity, and ethnic epidemic prevention for understanding health transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic. The flexibility of the primitive bimoist culture makes it a positive force for epidemic prevention in local society. Studying the bimoist rituals of epidemic prevention in Liangshan of Southwest China in the light of symbolic interaction benefits health communication in the post-era of the coronavirus pandemic. The bimoist culture is a self-contained system. The bimo plays a crucial role in connecting the gods, ghosts, nature, and animal kingdoms in Nuosu rituals in the bimoist culture. Ethnic epidemic prevention and health communication in the Yi communities play an essential role in collective cognition, memory, and identity. In formulating and implementing the policy, it is crucial to value the bimoist culture while providing modern medical treatment and epidemic prevention conditions for the Yi community.
Abstract: In the bimoist culture, the origin of the epidemic of gods, ghosts, and nature construct a triple epidemic prevention system supported by bimo (or bimoist priest), the public, and the community in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Southwest China. From the perspective of the bimoist culture of Yi ethnic minority people (also known as Nuosu or N...
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Oil/Gas Corporations and Host Communities Relationship: An Evaluation and Management of CSR Instrument in Selected Host Communities of Rivers State (2000 - 2019)
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, October 2022
Pages:
298-307
Received:
25 July 2022
Accepted:
5 September 2022
Published:
16 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ss.20221105.16
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Abstract: Relationship between oil/gas corporations (OGCs) and host communities (HCs) in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria has been dominated by issues of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and land ownership. This situation has thrown up challenges in effective corporate relationship, CSR management and host community development with heavy backlash on environmental, human and socio-economic developments. Despite efforts by parties in relationship to better manage CSR challenges, conflicts and crises have continued unabated and unmitigated. This research adopted the descriptive qualitative approach in data and samples collection and presentation. Questionnaire instrument based on a 4point Likert scale was adopted to obtain primary data. Sample population is 207, 870 and 400 questionnaires were distributed with 350 validly returned. Probability sampling technique is utilised to select host communities based on a simple random, cluster and stratification method. Oil/gas corporations were selected by a purposive non-probability method. The Null method is adopted in stating hypotheses while quantitative Chi-test run on SPSS software was used to analyse questionnaire responses against stated hypotheses. Research outcomes indicated strong evidence of failure of CSR projects, conflict escalation in relationship; recurring landownership and related revenue, benefits and rights issues; cases of environmental pollution and impact remediation; systemic corruption and lack of sustainability of development efforts and projects. Study recommends respect for equity, partnership and transparency; checks on corruption indices; land ownership, use and rights reforms; pollution reduction and standard impact remediation; and application of an integrated socio-economic and human capital development framework.
Abstract: Relationship between oil/gas corporations (OGCs) and host communities (HCs) in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria has been dominated by issues of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and land ownership. This situation has thrown up challenges in effective corporate relationship, CSR management and host community development with heavy backlash on e...
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Factors Influencing Early Sexual Practices Among Secondary Schools Teenage Girls in Mvomero District, Tanzania
Habibu Athumani Mzeri,
Eugenia Lucas Wandela
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, October 2022
Pages:
308-320
Received:
2 August 2022
Accepted:
31 August 2022
Published:
16 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ss.20221105.17
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Abstract: This study was guided with the general Objective which is to identify the factors influencing early sexual practices among secondary schools’ teenage girls in Mvomero District. A descriptive design based on qualitative approach was used in this study. Only Primary data were used. The primary data was collected using interviews, A sample of 60 respondents, (30 dropped out of school students, 10 heads of school, 10 school body member and 10 community leaders,) was drawn from the target population. Purposive sampling technique and snowball technique was used in this study. Purposive sampling was used in selecting head of the schools, school body member and community leaders while snowball technique were used in finding dropped out of the school students. Data were analyzed using content analysis. The study revealed that there are risk factors that influencing day secondary school teenage students’ girls who used to leave in rented room and those who travel long distance to reach the school, to engage in early sexual practices while they are in schools. Factor like poor economic of the family, lack of sexual and reproductive health, long distance from home to school, Night Music ceremonies (Vigodolo) and poor parent supervision were found. Also the study found that the girls are in risk of being affected by the different situations after being expelled out of the schools, most of them facing challenges like early marriage, poor living condition, becoming single mothers and even being in risk of getting sexual transmitted diseases. On the strategies made on putting better environment for the girls to study well, the study found some of the efforts made by the communities and schools as well as government on reducing risk factors to early sexual experiences to teenagers, efforts like increasing number of secondary schools, building dormitories and provision of sexual and reproductive health in schools were mentioned. The study concluded that there is a need for the government o have look on the provision of better environment to secondary schools so that to accommodate girls’ students, this is due to that, most of girls especially those who travel long distance and those who prefer to live in rent room around the school are in risk of entering in risk sexual practices hence getting pregnant.
Abstract: This study was guided with the general Objective which is to identify the factors influencing early sexual practices among secondary schools’ teenage girls in Mvomero District. A descriptive design based on qualitative approach was used in this study. Only Primary data were used. The primary data was collected using interviews, A sample of 60 respo...
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An Existentialist Interpretation of Strickland’s Journey of Self-realization in The Moon and Sixpence
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, October 2022
Pages:
321-327
Received:
24 August 2022
Accepted:
27 September 2022
Published:
28 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ss.20221105.18
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Abstract: The Moon and Sixpence, one of Maugham’s most famous novels, tells a story of a stockbroker Strickland, who gives up his comfortable life in London, chases his dream of arts in Paris and eventually achieves his ideal in Tahiti. During the process of self-realization, he has experienced the following three stages: self-loss, self-exploration and self-realization. Strickland constantly makes free choices to create his own essence, thus adding meaning to his life, which embodies existentialism, a philosophical theory centering on such themes as absurdity, alienation and freedom. This paper attempts to interpret Strickland’s journey of self-realization from the perspective of existentialism: his self-loss in his boring marriage life and empty spiritual world reflects the existentialist view that “the world is absurd; life is painful” and “existence precedes essence”; his self-exploration in alienating himself from others and pursuing his dream reflects “free choice”, “alienation” and “responsibility” of existentialism; his self-realization by reestablishing a harmonious family and accomplishing his final painting not only reflects the “freedom of choice” but also indicates that “existence precedes essence”. This paper also points out that Strickland’s self-realization still has some limitation: even if Strickland finally realizes himself by going through the three periods, he actually fails to obtain true freedom because he has ignored the importance of responsibility.
Abstract: The Moon and Sixpence, one of Maugham’s most famous novels, tells a story of a stockbroker Strickland, who gives up his comfortable life in London, chases his dream of arts in Paris and eventually achieves his ideal in Tahiti. During the process of self-realization, he has experienced the following three stages: self-loss, self-exploration and self...
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Youth, Sexuality, and Reproductive Health: Current Events, Issues in Abidjan (Ivoiry Coast)
Assian Agnes Chantal Ahuie
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, October 2022
Pages:
328-332
Received:
1 September 2022
Accepted:
16 September 2022
Published:
28 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ss.20221105.19
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Abstract: According to the results of the March 2022 school statistics of the Ministry of National Education and Literacy (MENA) of Ivoiry Coast, the pregnancy rate is 5,833 cases including 233 cases in primary and 5,600 cases in secondary. This increase in cases, despite the 2013-2015 accelerated plan to reduce school pregnancies and the "zero school pregnancies" campaign, which led to convincing results of reduction in 2014, prompted further reflection. This contribution is based on a literature review of data, based on the assumption that school-based pregnancy involves the responsibility of both youth and society in its institutions and its transmission of values. Therefore, the objective of this contribution is to determine the explanatory factors by identifying the representation of sexuality among young people without concealing the responsibility of parents and society in general. The methodology, essentially based on a content analysis in an interpretative approach, leads to results that address the persistence of the leakage of parental responsibility, the positioning of social networks as a source of information and the issue of gender-based violence related to school pregnancy rates.
Abstract: According to the results of the March 2022 school statistics of the Ministry of National Education and Literacy (MENA) of Ivoiry Coast, the pregnancy rate is 5,833 cases including 233 cases in primary and 5,600 cases in secondary. This increase in cases, despite the 2013-2015 accelerated plan to reduce school pregnancies and the "zero school pregna...
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Re-make Action: Collective Achievement, Social Change and Children
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, October 2022
Pages:
333-337
Received:
31 May 2022
Accepted:
17 June 2022
Published:
11 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ss.20221105.20
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Abstract: This paper explores how collective achievement can move social change though children in «The Barter of Wonders». This is an action research project which started in 2018 to foster a more attentive and aware community through children, who will be the adults of tomorrow and who carry the message to their families. This is a project designed to raise awareness among children and their families on issues such as reuse, gift, friendship, which become a lifestyle through play. It started as a service within the Lions club “Apulia of Heritage and Citizens” (District 108 Ab – Apulia), and, since it was designed, The Laboratory of Communication and Empowerment of Places of the University of Salento (Department of Human and Social Science), has conceived and coordinated the research. These stakeholders have worked together to build a cyclical event that resembles a bazaar, where children can exchange their “wonders” and learn together, having fun, playing, and exchanging knowledge. The wonders to be exchanged are displayed on sack cloths sewn by the inmates of the Lecce prison with pieces of recycled and donated fabric, symbols of the new life towards which «The Barter of Wonders» wants to direct our path. This project was not simply presented to children: it was created with them through focus groups, social media surveys, semi-structured interviews and other actions that we designed during the project to intercept feedback from real or potential users. The research explores how collective action can affect social change, advocating a new paradigm that involves and affects all of our roles and functions. «The Barter of Wonders» looks at the gift as an element through which men create society by tightening bonds. The gift, here, is a social glue that creates relationships, establishes mutual obligations, and builds connections. The results achieved activate a molar learning mechanism through which people of different social backgrounds, ethnicities, interests are induced to interact and learn more or less consciously from each other.
Abstract: This paper explores how collective achievement can move social change though children in «The Barter of Wonders». This is an action research project which started in 2018 to foster a more attentive and aware community through children, who will be the adults of tomorrow and who carry the message to their families. This is a project designed to rais...
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Study on the Plight of the Widowed Elderly Women Living Alone in Rural Areas of Shandong Province, China: A Case Study of L Village
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, October 2022
Pages:
338-342
Received:
28 September 2022
Accepted:
11 October 2022
Published:
24 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ss.20221105.21
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Abstract: The aging of the population in China is becoming increasingly severe. Due to the survival advantages of women, the number of widowed elderly women living alone is increasing. Taking L village in Shandong Province of China as an example, this study mainly uses the methods of questionnaire and interview to research the living conditions of the rural widowed elderly women living alone. It is found that the elderly widows living alone in rural areas are mainly in economic distress: the source of income is single and the level is low; the life plight: the elderly have poor daily self-care and rely heavily on their daughters when they are ill; Mental distress: Being widowed elderly women living alone can lead to high levels of loneliness. Medical plight: the burden of medical expenses for chronic diseases is large. The reasons for their predicament are as follows: low level of basic security, high threshold for reimbursement of medical expenses for chronic diseases, and gender awareness not yet incorporated into the mainstream of national decision-making; Community level: the absence of grassroots social organizations in rural pension; Family level: the weakening of family support function and the embarrassing situation of daughter support. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of life of the rural widowed elderly women living alone, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are that the country needs to assume the main responsibility of the disadvantaged groups for the elderly; Establish pension system with gender perspective; Give play to the role of rural community grassroots organizations in old-age services; Carry forward the culture of filial piety, let the intergenerational relationship between families to fit; Advocate for the elderly care of daughters.
Abstract: The aging of the population in China is becoming increasingly severe. Due to the survival advantages of women, the number of widowed elderly women living alone is increasing. Taking L village in Shandong Province of China as an example, this study mainly uses the methods of questionnaire and interview to research the living conditions of the rural ...
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Jihadism, a Phenomenon That Did Not Start on 9/11/2001
Carmelo Jesús Aguilera Galindo
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 5, October 2022
Pages:
343-348
Received:
25 September 2022
Accepted:
17 October 2022
Published:
29 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ss.20221105.22
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Abstract: This manuscript is part of the author's doctoral thesis in Humanities that the author is doing in the Almeria University. That research is investigating the relationship between immigration and jihadist terrorism and if it is used more or less than other ways of recruiting. This work intends to establish that in order to implement effective strategies against jihadism, the authorities must know it in all its dimensions. And one of them is know its origin since despite the fact that for most of the world it is a fact that it was made known on 9/11 after the attacks on the United States by the Al Qaeda organization and that were later repeated in Madrid on 3/11, 2004 and London in 2005. Global terrorism had arrived on the scene. The world changed forever. The paper will start from the problem of obtaining a valid and internationally accepted definition for the entire international community and it will continue with the different stages of jihadist terrorism and will finish with the future scenarios of the two great terrorist groups (Al Qaeda and Daesh) and some conclusions about what strategies would be valid in the fight against this world problem.
Abstract: This manuscript is part of the author's doctoral thesis in Humanities that the author is doing in the Almeria University. That research is investigating the relationship between immigration and jihadist terrorism and if it is used more or less than other ways of recruiting. This work intends to establish that in order to implement effective strateg...
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