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Challenges and Prospects of Social Media Usage for Political Mobilization in Ethiopia
Yalemsew Genetu,
Desta Tegegne
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, August 2019
Pages:
141-146
Received:
14 May 2019
Accepted:
19 June 2019
Published:
10 July 2019
Abstract: This paper sought to assess the challenges and prospects of social media for political mobilization in Ethiopia. In the study, a survey research method was used. Samples were selected based on a multistage sampling technique. So that stratified and simple random sampling techniques were applied. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources. The tools employed to collect primary data were interview and questionnaire. Primary data was gathered from 156 samples. Secondary data from books, reports, and Social Media Networks was used. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (like percentage and frequency) while the qualitative data collected through interview were used to triangulate the results of quantitative data. Findings from the study have shown that the main sources of political information are social media. It also revealed that Facebook is the most popular social media format followed by YouTube and Twitter. Regarding its role, social media has great importance for political mobilization. Social media users may discover political activities in social media and in this way intensify their political knowledge, increase their political efficacy, and improve their political participation. As the challenges of social media in Ethiopia, there are now quite some fake or sarcastic “news” sites that often post stories that sound authentic. Some fake news sites simply exist to post click bait stories or to troll readers who don’t do their own research. Some other challenges of social media identified by this study are limited connection speed, cost, and its inaccessibility to rural areas.
Abstract: This paper sought to assess the challenges and prospects of social media for political mobilization in Ethiopia. In the study, a survey research method was used. Samples were selected based on a multistage sampling technique. So that stratified and simple random sampling techniques were applied. Data were collected from primary and secondary source...
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Climate Induced Migration and Social Mobility Among Migrants: Evidence from the Southwest Coastal Region of Bangladesh
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, August 2019
Pages:
147-159
Received:
20 May 2019
Accepted:
24 June 2019
Published:
10 July 2019
Abstract: Climate induced natural disasters is a common phenomenon of the southwest coastal region in Bangladesh, where rural-urban migration has been considered as an adaptation strategy to survive from the adverse situation of natural disasters. For this type of internal migration, the migrants face multiple hazards, such as occupational change in destination, poverty, gender discrimination, risk of violence, social inequality, social disharmony and conflict with the host community etc. which influence the individual’s social mobility that may be upward or downward. This qualitative research explores the social mobility of the climate migrants to assess the migrants’ socioeconomic as well as occupational changes. For this study, we have collected the data from the cyclone Sidr and cyclone Aila affected migrants who were migrated internally from the disaster-prone southwest coastal region to the neighboring divisional city Khulna of Bangladesh. After analyzing the primary data, the results have been shown that most of the climate migrants were changed their occupations due to the failure of deriving a secure income in destination places. According to the present socio-demographic profiles and the social status of the climate migrants, poor housing conditions, food insecurity, gender discrimination and structural inequalities in access to properties and control over resources, lack of access to urban culture and identity crisis related with social prestige are created the social disharmony in the society. Most of the rural middle class migrants are shifted in lower class in the context of urban life which indicate downward social mobility caused by climate induced unsuccessful migration.
Abstract: Climate induced natural disasters is a common phenomenon of the southwest coastal region in Bangladesh, where rural-urban migration has been considered as an adaptation strategy to survive from the adverse situation of natural disasters. For this type of internal migration, the migrants face multiple hazards, such as occupational change in destinat...
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Indigenous Strategies for Communual Resource Management in Oku, North West Region of Cameroon
Cordelia Givecheh Kometa,
Livinus Vernyuy Wirnkar
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, August 2019
Pages:
160-169
Received:
23 April 2019
Accepted:
3 June 2019
Published:
15 July 2019
Abstract: The exploitation of common property resources has often witnessed rapid degradation due to indiscriminate exploitation for selfish reasons. The Oku Community Forest is a replica of this type of forest that has been under human influence since time immemorial. Taking into consideration the fact that institutions have failed to meet up with sustainable management strategies, the management of these forest resources depends unavoidably on the holistic approach which requires local communities and institutions to make use of indigenous technology in resource management. This study focuses on the indigenous strategies in communal resource management in the Oku Community Forest. Data for the study were collected using both primary and secondary sources with much emphasis on the administration of questionnaires. The data were analysed in both qualitative and quantitative terms. The relationship between population increase, communal resource exploitation and the impact on the environment was correlated through the use of the chi square. From field evidence, there is a relationship between population increase, the over exploitation of communal resources and communal resource degradation. The study therefore recommends the community based resource management as a panacea for sustainable community forest resources in the Oku Community Forest. This will help to limit over exploitation and thus could enhance a sustainable management of the communal forest resources.
Abstract: The exploitation of common property resources has often witnessed rapid degradation due to indiscriminate exploitation for selfish reasons. The Oku Community Forest is a replica of this type of forest that has been under human influence since time immemorial. Taking into consideration the fact that institutions have failed to meet up with sustainab...
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Study on the Status and Countermeasures of Service Ability of General Practitioners in Community
Luo Sheng,
Luo Li,
Zhang Jin,
Li Wei
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, August 2019
Pages:
170-174
Received:
30 June 2019
Published:
29 July 2019
Abstract: This study tried to carry out a research to learn the current status of urban GPs and the influencing factors so that management strategies are proposed in order to provide guidance for improving the ability of general practitioners and optimizing the quality of community health services. Stratified random cluster sampling was employed to recruit 185 community general practitioners in sample cities among which questionnaires were distributed. Two independent samples t-test, analysis of variance, and multiple linear stepwise regression were used to analyze the datas. Based on the theoretical framework of the Unity Nations Development Programme (UNDP) capability evaluation, we propose measures and suggestions from the system, organization, and individual levels. The capacity of the 35 community-based general practitioners in the five dimensions of the urban community surveyed in this study (35-175 points), and the total score of the community-based general practitioners in the urban community (128.64) 18.958 points, the scores of each dimension are the basic medical service ability (32.02±5.659) points, the public health service ability (39.42±6.923) points, the humanities occupational ability (19.68±2.799) points, and the professional accomplishment (19.31±2.775) points. Scientific research ability (18.20±3.373) points. The results showed that the general service ability of general practitioners, academic qualifications, income satisfaction, and familiarity are the influencing factors which influence the service ability of general practitioners in urban communities. In the future development of the community general practitioner team, it is necessary to clarify the functional orientation of community general practitioners under the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system, provide multi-level appropriate community general medical services, and comprehensively consider community general practitioners to improve service capabilities. At the level of demand issues, and then based on this development to solve the problem of countermeasures and suggestions.
Abstract: This study tried to carry out a research to learn the current status of urban GPs and the influencing factors so that management strategies are proposed in order to provide guidance for improving the ability of general practitioners and optimizing the quality of community health services. Stratified random cluster sampling was employed to recruit 1...
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The Impact of Cultural Practices on Women Empowerment: The Case of Offa Woreda, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Mesele Woldemichael Delango
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, August 2019
Pages:
175-184
Received:
20 June 2019
Accepted:
17 July 2019
Published:
6 August 2019
Abstract: The objective of this research is to investigate the impacts of cultural practices on women empowerment in Offa Woreda, Wolaita zone, of southern Ethiopia. This study design is purely qualitative and descriptive in its approach. Both primary and secondary source of data for this study was obtained from Offa Woreda women who are engaged in different economic activities. Hence, the geographical scope of the study contained Busha and wachiga-Eesho kebeles of Offa Woreda. Since the study aimed at getting in-depth understanding of community practices that affect women’s empowerment, purposive sampling technique was employed to select study participants. Totally fifty individuals were participated to provide the data for this research. In-depth interview and focus group discussion was also used to collect the data. The researcher documented and analyzed actual case studies, which enabled the researcher to identify the impacts of socio-cultural practices on women’s empowerment, the society’s perception towards women role and factors affect women decision making in household and community level. The data was analyzed in thematically organized way by pursuing to the original descriptions of the field notes so as to infer meanings and generalizations. This finding reveals that our countries context is formally banned by the Ethiopian constitution which was promulgated in Ethiopian constitution (1995) Art 35, sub Art 4 the state shall enforce the right of women to eliminate the influence of harmful customs. Though, the community has been practicing female genital mutilation and early marriage because of low awareness and cultural reason like the belief that a non-mutilated girl breaks the utensils, possesses bad behavior and for the purpose of purity. Generally, there are several cultural practices in this study area and they have their own impact on women’s performance. Currently, these practices are prevailing among the community and the community gave their own positive and negative implications towards this practices. Particularly female genital mutilation and early marriage are the most common practice in my study area. Therefore, it needs governments’ considerable attention and other non-governmental organizations and policy-makers to reflect on the most suitable ways of supporting women empowerment.
Abstract: The objective of this research is to investigate the impacts of cultural practices on women empowerment in Offa Woreda, Wolaita zone, of southern Ethiopia. This study design is purely qualitative and descriptive in its approach. Both primary and secondary source of data for this study was obtained from Offa Woreda women who are engaged in different...
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Reviewing and Implementing of Cracker Craftsmen Towards Healthy Products with Innovating Various Flavors (Change Bleng to STPP)
Sri Hartini,
Ari Budi Kristanto,
Yeterina Widi Nugrahanti,
Linda Ariany Mahastanti
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, August 2019
Pages:
185-189
Received:
16 February 2019
Accepted:
20 March 2019
Published:
15 August 2019
Abstract: Tuntang Village cracker craftsmen in Semarang Regency must answer the challenges in developing healthy products and supporting cracker fans. The culture of adding additives make chewy ingredients which at the last time makes crackers when eaten is considered to be one of the stages of the process that must be done. Bleng is a choice for additive material because prices are cheap and easy to buy on traditional markets. Chronic health threats for consumers due to additives in material adding have become neglected by cracker craftsmen. One of the causes is the characteristics of cracker craftsmen who mostly have low levels of education but have a long business experience. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a strategy of proper knowledge transfer process among cracker craftsmen through laboratory analysis evidence associated with the resulting health impacts and a persuasive approach to encourage transfer of safer than Borax-rich bleng with STPP (Sodium Tripolyphospate). In addition to awareness-raising of additive material also carried out taste diversification counseling so that it can increase sales value. Price changes occur from crackers using bleng additive from Rp. 13,000/kg to Rp. 35,000/Kg as healty and various taste choices of products.
Abstract: Tuntang Village cracker craftsmen in Semarang Regency must answer the challenges in developing healthy products and supporting cracker fans. The culture of adding additives make chewy ingredients which at the last time makes crackers when eaten is considered to be one of the stages of the process that must be done. Bleng is a choice for additive ma...
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The Other Coups: The 2018 Election, Between Legacy and Legitimacy
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, August 2019
Pages:
190-197
Received:
14 March 2019
Accepted:
5 May 2019
Published:
15 August 2019
Abstract: The theoretical and methodological perspective was the materialism historical dialectic with Granscian categories, with concepts of the historical hegemonic block, counter hegemonic block, organicity, domination. The main sources of data used are primary and secondary, which include data collected by the author based on the technique of participant observation of the qualitative method. This social scientific essay analyzes political process of the others parliamentary coup carried out in Paraguay. These socials events were done to promote the Constitutional Amendment for presidential re-election. However, they were aborted by the citizen pressure that culminated in the March 2017 crisis with the death of Rodrigo Quintana, a young leader of the Authentic Radical Liberal Party - PLRA. This sad social event was followed by a series of parliamentary blows in 2018 during the electoral campaign being defined only after the elections of 2018. In this context, the work aims to shed light on the events that preceded the results of the 2018 elections. For this purpose, it is analyzed the different blows that were given in different powers of the State preparing the continuity of the same regime, in the years 2017 and 2018. The conclusion is that a cris of organization within the hegemonic block, first of all. Then, it was a crisis of domination between the hegemonic block and the counter hegemonic block with the final polarization of the 2018 election.
Abstract: The theoretical and methodological perspective was the materialism historical dialectic with Granscian categories, with concepts of the historical hegemonic block, counter hegemonic block, organicity, domination. The main sources of data used are primary and secondary, which include data collected by the author based on the technique of participant...
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Wolaytta’s Quest for Statehood: A Historical Overview and Analysis of Contemporary Quests for Regional Statehood in Ethiopia’s Federation
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, August 2019
Pages:
198-205
Received:
1 June 2019
Accepted:
8 July 2019
Published:
3 September 2019
Abstract: This paper tries to shed a light on the history of Wolaytta that evolved from huge kingdom to the recent small province called Zone. Here the researcher presents insights on the previous glories of Wolaytta kingdoms and the retreat of the kingdom’s political and economic hegemonies. The paper also tries to look at the contemporary quest of independent regional state of Wolaytaa. Issues that have been raised above are qualitatively analysed after extensive data collection through interview, group discussion and formal and informal discussions with elderly people who are aware of the history of Wolaytta. The finding of this research shows that the people of Wolaytta had very strong centralized political system since 13th century. Basically two dynasties under the name called Wolaita-Mala and Wolaytta Tigre had ruled the vast territory of Wolaytta up until late 20th century. The kingdom was also known in expanding to the reset of the country up until the then notorious northern Ethiopia up until Gojjam, Amhara. The state was also defended its territory from the expansionist Minilik II and finally incorporated to the Ethiopian kingdom after a bloody war. Since their incorporation, Wolaytta had faced a century of retreat both economically and politically. With the change of leader in the ruling part EPRDF, a new wave of change has been observed that finally led the resurgence of Wolaita’s greatness and the quest for independent regional statehood under the Ethiopia federation.
Abstract: This paper tries to shed a light on the history of Wolaytta that evolved from huge kingdom to the recent small province called Zone. Here the researcher presents insights on the previous glories of Wolaytta kingdoms and the retreat of the kingdom’s political and economic hegemonies. The paper also tries to look at the contemporary quest of independ...
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