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Career Progression of Female Academics in Public Universities: A Tale of Open University of Tanzania
Elias Adolf Tarimo,
Idda Lyatonga Swai
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, February 2020
Pages:
1-8
Received:
20 December 2019
Accepted:
3 January 2020
Published:
17 January 2020
Abstract: Tanzania recognizes that gender equality and female empowerment are important for development of the country. Despite the government efforts to put in place employment laws, policies and gender strategies to remove inequality, still there are under representation of female employees in senior positions in many public sectors. In Public Universities the situation is the same as the number of academic staff varies between female and male. There is huge gender gap in this career as it is dominated by male. Gender disparity tends to be wider in senior positions. The major objective of the study was to examine factors that affect career progression of female academics to senior positions in Public Universities. The study employed qualitative design to understand academics experiences on the female career progression. Open University of Tanzania (OUT) was used as a study case. Twenty one (21) participants were selected purposively from senior positions, junior positions and University management. Interview method for data collection was employed to collect primary data and secondary data were collected through documentary review. The study used thematic analysis in data analysis. The findings revealed that family work conflict, culture and gender, lack of mentor and mentoring program, lack of role model, low self-confidence, limited opportunities and networking were factors that discourage career progression of female academicians to senior positions. The findings implied that few female academicians managed to reach senior positions and majorities are struggling to move up. Their failures were associated with traditional gender role, society believes and gender stereotype. Generally, the study contributes to the addition of knowledge and literature on career progression of female academics which has been under-researched, especially in Tanzania.
Abstract: Tanzania recognizes that gender equality and female empowerment are important for development of the country. Despite the government efforts to put in place employment laws, policies and gender strategies to remove inequality, still there are under representation of female employees in senior positions in many public sectors. In Public Universities...
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Milgram’s Experiment: Obedience or Emotional Adaptation on Empathy Emotional Scale?
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, February 2020
Pages:
9-24
Received:
12 December 2019
Accepted:
4 January 2020
Published:
27 January 2020
Abstract: This article has given efforts to analyze and interpret one of the most famous psychological experiments, conducted by Stanley Milgram, in the light of understanding of nature and characteristics of emotions. Milgram’s famous experiment is actually a series of experiments that started in the summer of 1961, at the Linsly-Chittenden hall of Yale University. This quintessential series of experiments revealed a very significant, yet shocking and unwelcome nature of the human psych. But there is no experimental proof that can explain the true reasons lying behind the results of this experiment. It has been inferred by different authors differently in the course of time. Milgram himself explained this as a fact of obedience in the lattice of the hierarchical social structure. Is it the singular factor? In this project, we will try to interpret it from another angle – that is basic nature and properties of individual emotions and their adaptive processes. We will see not only the matter of obedience, but a variety of factors – namely, magnitude of different emotions, previous adaptational states on different emotional scales, gradual adaptational processes, pressure of conformity to social and cultural norms, obligations coming from individual moral built, and finally genetical compositions of individual persons – all created a bidirectional force having its components acting in opposite directions. And the net product or sum of this bidirectional force ultimately expressed in a person’s action and behaviour that was observed in Milgram’s experiments.
Abstract: This article has given efforts to analyze and interpret one of the most famous psychological experiments, conducted by Stanley Milgram, in the light of understanding of nature and characteristics of emotions. Milgram’s famous experiment is actually a series of experiments that started in the summer of 1961, at the Linsly-Chittenden hall of Yale Uni...
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Education Transformation of Indigenous Peoples in Johor, Malaysia
Siti Sarawati Johar,
Hazifa Hani Ramli,
Md Akbal Abdullah,
Fauziah Ani,
Sharifah Khadijah Syed Abu Bakar,
Khairul Azman Mohamad Suhaimy,
Zahrul Akmal Damin,
Shah Rul Anuar Nordin,
Lutfan x Rul Anuar Nordin,
Anuar Othman
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, February 2020
Pages:
25-31
Received:
30 December 2019
Published:
3 February 2020
Abstract: The dimension of education is one of the aspects that also reaches the most important needs of every person. With knowledge and education, people are able to create history in the pursuit of values and build the dignity of civilization. In line with the existence of the village for the past 60 years, the need for knowledge and education has not been ignored. The opening of the village in Sg. Layau, Kota Tinggi, Johor around the 1960s has been a turning point in the dimension of the importance and domination of the education world for Indigenous peoples in Sg. Layau specially, and in Malaysia in general. Although the Indigenous people are often seen as a community of laggards in every aspect, often seen as isolating themselves from the outside world and even seen as rejecting modernization, but the reality of the Indigenous people also has the pulse of life of its own and quite unique that should be understood and respected by all as human beings. Their resilience in survival has shown that they are also capable of success. The discussion in this paper is more focused on the study of the success and capabilities of Indigenous peoples in education in one of the southern regions of Malaysia where not only has it been proven at the national level, but also at the international level.
Abstract: The dimension of education is one of the aspects that also reaches the most important needs of every person. With knowledge and education, people are able to create history in the pursuit of values and build the dignity of civilization. In line with the existence of the village for the past 60 years, the need for knowledge and education has not bee...
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Using Social Media to Campaign: Are Ghanaian Political Parties Getting It Right
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, February 2020
Pages:
32-39
Received:
11 January 2020
Accepted:
3 February 2020
Published:
11 February 2020
Abstract: It is an undeniable fact that in recent years internet usage has increased in the area of information dissemination in Ghana. Indeed, when the roll call is made Ghana would not be found wanting on the league of African countries with internet penetration and social media usage. According to Ramamohanarao et al, (2007), interment usage has become one of the easiest tools for seeking information and the fastest for that matter in communicating with friends and loved ones. Due to the comparative advantage, social media has over traditional media, it has become a means by which many are using it to reach their targeted audience at the shortest possible time. The study investigates how some selected supporters of the two major political parties in Ghana, the New Patriotic Party (NPP) and the National Democratic Congress (NDC) use social media platforms to campaign for and to woo potential voters for their respective parties. The study was undertaken as desk research and the research relied on secondary sources with particular reference to posts of some supporters of the two leading parties in Ghana, who have all in the last two to three decades have had the opportunity of ruling in the country ever since the country returned to democratic rule. The results revealed that indeed supporters of the two major political parties through social media with particular reference to Facebook use the internet to both propagate the ideologies and philosophies of their political parties, making social media a vital platform for campaigning and also allowing the Ghanaian populace to participate in political activities.
Abstract: It is an undeniable fact that in recent years internet usage has increased in the area of information dissemination in Ghana. Indeed, when the roll call is made Ghana would not be found wanting on the league of African countries with internet penetration and social media usage. According to Ramamohanarao et al, (2007), interment usage has become on...
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The Biafran State & the Rise of IPOB: A Crack on Nigeria’s National Integration
Jacob Uche Henry,
Nwobi Isaac Obiora,
Igboji Chikezirim David
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, February 2020
Pages:
40-44
Received:
22 November 2019
Accepted:
17 December 2019
Published:
2 March 2020
Abstract: The Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) had recently joined other secessionist agitators in the South-east region of Nigeria to demand for Biafran independence. IPOB together with several other uprisings in Nigeria have greatly challenged the possibility of achieving national integration. These challenges are often attributed to the unsolicited amalgamation of the Northern and Southern protectorates in 1914, which produced a geographical expression known today as Nigeria. Unsolicited in the sense that the colonial authorities at that time failed to seek the consent of the diverse ethnic nationalities that later became part of the federation. Indeed, it was the amalgamation of these diverse ethnic nationalities that created the present need for national integration, to help fuse together the multiple ethnicities in the new born nation. Thus, in the post-colonial years, there were policies and programs initiated by various administrations to help foster unity and true federalism among the various groups. Unfortunately, the unfolding events from 1960 leading to the civil war in 1967, and the war itself dealt a big blow on the unity of the young nation. The Nigeria-Biafra civil war which started as a result of the secession attempt of the Igbo dominated Eastern Nigeria ended in 1970, with Gowon and subsequent leaders initiating several policies and programs to rekindle the fire of national integration. Fifty nine years after the war, the unity of the country is still under serious threat. It appears that neither the 3R program of Gowon, nor the Federal Character policy of Shagari among others, have been able to effectively address the problems of federalism, which has left multiple cracks on national integration efforts. The thrust of this paper therefore, is to examine the rise of IPOB with the aim to understand why the federal government policies failed to address the increasing tempo of secessionist movements in the country. Also, the paper will analytically demonstrate how government failures contribute to the rise of IPOB and its attendant threats to national unity.
Abstract: The Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) had recently joined other secessionist agitators in the South-east region of Nigeria to demand for Biafran independence. IPOB together with several other uprisings in Nigeria have greatly challenged the possibility of achieving national integration. These challenges are often attributed to the unsolicited amal...
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