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Public Trust and Service Delivery in the National Police Service, Nairobi County, Kenya
Humphrey Young Ogola,
David Mwangi Kung’u,
Bernard Kibeti Nassiuma
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
251-260
Received:
23 September 2021
Accepted:
18 October 2021
Published:
5 November 2021
Abstract: Globally most countries have experienced totalitarian governments that have given the police forces a bad reputation hence, are in the process of reforming their service to enhance public trust. This study evaluated the effects of public trust on service delivery in the National Police Service (NPS) in Nairobi County, Kenya. It was anchored on the motive-based theory which involves inferences about motives and intentions of the police and reflects the concept of fiduciary trust. A pragmatic research philosophy that supports the simultaneous use of qualitative and quantitative methods of inquiry to generate evidence was adapted. An evaluation research design was used in the study. The study targeted 2100 police officers out of which a sample of 215 police officers was selected randomly. In addition, a corresponding number of 105 members were purposely selected. Questionnaires and a key informant interview guide were used to collect primary data. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed while quantitative data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The majority of the respondents were males aged between 26-35 years. The majority (62%) of the respondent police officers were not sure if there is a decrease in complaints against police officers. The majority (94%) of the respondents’ members of the public did not have trust in the police service hence, cannot report cases of crime owing to fear of victimization. These aspects may have affected the implementation of police reforms as a result of the lack of a strong community partnership in crime prevention and police accessibility. Reforms have not improved the relationship between the community and the police officers given that human rights abuses and corruption are still prevalent among the officers resulting in a lack of public trust. The study concludes that public trust in the police service is very low, this could hamper service delivery. The study recommends full implementation of career guidelines on promotion, retraining police officers on human rights and emerging security threats, and police officers wearing body and dash cameras for accountability and transparency to build public trust.
Abstract: Globally most countries have experienced totalitarian governments that have given the police forces a bad reputation hence, are in the process of reforming their service to enhance public trust. This study evaluated the effects of public trust on service delivery in the National Police Service (NPS) in Nairobi County, Kenya. It was anchored on the ...
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Social Failure and Rage: The Downward Social Mobility and Unsettled Life Course of a Norwegian Terrorist
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
261-268
Received:
22 August 2021
Accepted:
12 October 2021
Published:
10 November 2021
Abstract: This essay sketches out an analysis of some of the key aspects of the life course of Anders Behring Breivik, the Norwegian mass murderer and terrorist, as well as his typical delusional and paranoid traits. His acts of terror should be understood against the backdrop of a historical conjuncture, one that took place during the shift from class politics to identity politics and the “cultural struggle” on the one hand, and the emergence of precarious life courses within what I have dubbed the “education society” in Norway. Individuals who have experienced downward social mobility seem particularly predisposed to transforming ideological fantasies and delusions into rage, aggression, and violence. The essay takes an interdisciplinary approach. It is based on systematic reinterpretations of some empirical sources from journalism, extracts from the terrorist’s Manifesto and public records. On 22 July 2011, Behring Breivik detonated a home-made bomb outside a government building, killing eight people. Later that afternoon, he systematically and cold-bloodedly executed 69 young people who were isolated and gathered on an island, Utøya, for the annual summer camp of the Workers’ Youth Wing of the Norwegian Labour Party. These events continue to be a source of reflection in Norway today, 10 years after the terrorist attac.
Abstract: This essay sketches out an analysis of some of the key aspects of the life course of Anders Behring Breivik, the Norwegian mass murderer and terrorist, as well as his typical delusional and paranoid traits. His acts of terror should be understood against the backdrop of a historical conjuncture, one that took place during the shift from class polit...
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Keep Calm and Carry on – There Is Nothing to See Here: A Study of Organisational Response Towards Racist Bullying and Harassment of BAME Women in Policing
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
269-278
Received:
14 October 2021
Accepted:
3 November 2021
Published:
10 November 2021
Abstract: This article explores the neglected and under-researched area of bullying and harassment of Black and Asian Ethnic Minority (BAME) women in the police service in England. Undertaken within the context of an observed and unique crisis stemming from the high-profile case of bullying by the Home Secretary Rt Hon. Priti Patel towards her former Permanent Secretary, Sir Philip Rutnam and the Prime Minister, Boris Johnson’s reaction to it. This paper argues, that the turning of the tables by the Home Secretary and the fall-out from the investigation to it, could have adverse and unintended consequences for BAME women in UK policing. It is as this article argues a future mea-culpa moment waiting to happen underpinned by the political push back against the Black Lives Matters movement. A mixed method approach has been applied to this research including, interviews, data analysis of recently published figures, review of published literature and recent case studies. The article concludes that women of colour are one of the most vulnerable groups within the police. The challenges that they face within the organisation need to be recognised as they felt, their experiences were ignored and it undermined them as individuals. This was compounded by their negative experience of reporting instances of bullying and harassment.
Abstract: This article explores the neglected and under-researched area of bullying and harassment of Black and Asian Ethnic Minority (BAME) women in the police service in England. Undertaken within the context of an observed and unique crisis stemming from the high-profile case of bullying by the Home Secretary Rt Hon. Priti Patel towards her former Permane...
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The Practical Dilemma and Improvement of the Pre-litigation Procedure of Procuratorial Environmental Public Interest Litigation
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
279-285
Received:
27 October 2021
Accepted:
16 November 2021
Published:
17 November 2021
Abstract: The new era of environmental public interest litigation is a beautiful crystallization of the relationship between the maintenance of public interest and legal supervision in China. It is an extension of the legal supervision function assigned to the procuratorial organs by the Constitution, which can better promote national governance and safeguard the public interest of the environment. However, in practice, the imperfection of the system and extra-legal factors have induced various problems in the pre-litigation procedure of prosecutorial public interest litigation, such as the difficulty of social environmental organizations to file public interest litigation and the legitimacy of the procuratorial organs for the "performance of duties" of administrative organs. In order to further improve the pre-litigation procedure system of procuratorial environmental public interest litigation, firstly, it is clear that the focus lies on the principle of procuratorial humility according to law. Secondly, the civil public interest litigation needs to optimize the institutional arrangement of environmental protection organizationsin ecological environmental damage litigation, strengthen the linkage between procuratorial organs and social groups, and set up multiple administrative acts review standards for administrative public interest litigation, in order to help Chinese characteristics of procuratorial system of environmental public interest litigation in before litigation procedure of continuous development and improvement in practice.
Abstract: The new era of environmental public interest litigation is a beautiful crystallization of the relationship between the maintenance of public interest and legal supervision in China. It is an extension of the legal supervision function assigned to the procuratorial organs by the Constitution, which can better promote national governance and safeguar...
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Religion as Nation: The Muslims of India and the Debates on qaum, millat, and umma in the 1930s
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
286-293
Received:
15 September 2021
Accepted:
13 October 2021
Published:
23 November 2021
Abstract: This paper aims to contribute to the current debates about the role of religion in the political process, and its importance for the creation and cohesion of different national communities’ identities. It will analyse the discussions occurred around the concepts, and conceptions, of Nation, National Community (qaum), Religious Community (millat), and the Community of Believers (umma), exploring the different, and sometimes opposing, ideas and political doctrines in the 1930s in the context of India’s struggle for the independence and creation of a new (Nation-)State. The focus will be on Muslim Indian thinkers and politicians such as Muhammad ‘Ali Jinnah (1876-1948), Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938), Hussain Ahmad Madani (1879-1957), Abu al-Kalam Azad (1888-1958) and Sayyid Abu’l ‘Ala Mawdudi (1903-1979), as well as political and religious organizations such as the All-India Muslim League, the All-India National Congress, the Jamia’at-i ‘Ulama-i Islam and the Jamia’at-i ‘Ulama-i Hind.
Abstract: This paper aims to contribute to the current debates about the role of religion in the political process, and its importance for the creation and cohesion of different national communities’ identities. It will analyse the discussions occurred around the concepts, and conceptions, of Nation, National Community (qaum), Religious Community (millat), a...
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Territorial and Geopolitical Discrimination: The Spatial Dimensions of Equality
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
294-310
Received:
29 August 2021
Accepted:
28 September 2021
Published:
23 November 2021
Abstract: Territory and equality are the main topics of this paper: the territory enjoys a “manifold epistemic status” that varies according to the vantage point of the science investigating it. The meaning here is that of “state sovereignty”, of a politically governed normative space, as opposed to the physical and geographical space of the Earth. The notion of equality is that of the rights of man, as enshrined in the more purely political and social interpretations of the American and French Declarations of 1776 and 1789. It is thus the modern equality before the law, in the historical sense that burst onto the world scene with the first French Constitutions. The essay will have to come to grips with the whole issue of globalization, and in particular with its economic and financial dimension, the yardstick by which the topics facing us are inevitably gauged. The weakened ties between the State’s territory and the economy have seriously undermined the State’s redistributive function and as a result, the space of state experience is “increasingly a battleground for inequalities”. From economic and financial globalization and its effects on the other two concepts – territory and equality – the analysis must begin, now that much of the “conceptual fog”, developed by Erhard Denninger, has cleared.
Abstract: Territory and equality are the main topics of this paper: the territory enjoys a “manifold epistemic status” that varies according to the vantage point of the science investigating it. The meaning here is that of “state sovereignty”, of a politically governed normative space, as opposed to the physical and geographical space of the Earth. The notio...
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The Epidemic Disturbance of the Adolescent’s Groupality Process
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
311-315
Received:
24 June 2021
Accepted:
8 July 2021
Published:
27 November 2021
Abstract: The author shows briefly in this text how the psychological dimension of groupality is fundamental for the psychic functioning of all human beings. He further depicts the way this dimension is part of the adolescent process and its adjustments which help the subject to mature. He describes more analytically the adolescent’s re-birth in a new body and in a new social place by going out of childhood and becoming adult. He describes the two fundamental dimensions that are composing this process. The first of them is the Un-marking process that contains all the adolescent oppositions against the parents and the adults ‘positions; this opposition and contestation is necessary to him to un-mark himself of the child position in which he was before. The second one is the marking process in his generation and in the group of his friends; the in-scription is characterized by a lot of signs (way of thinking, of being dressed, of speaking, of preferred music etc.). Many of these signs are created; this creativity is bringing some new ways of life and it is contributing to the time and history’s social evolutions. He presents, in the fifth part of the text, two clinical examples of adolescents whose mental balance has suffered due to the confinement and their inability to physically experience the psychological level of groupality. He finishes the text by questioning the invention of prison as making a prisoner suffering by preventing him from experiencing groupality.
Abstract: The author shows briefly in this text how the psychological dimension of groupality is fundamental for the psychic functioning of all human beings. He further depicts the way this dimension is part of the adolescent process and its adjustments which help the subject to mature. He describes more analytically the adolescent’s re-birth in a new body a...
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Determinants of the Under-five Child's Physical Well-being in Morocco: The Case of Fertility
Khadija Loudghiri,
Abdesselam Fazouane
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
316-332
Received:
31 October 2021
Accepted:
25 November 2021
Published:
7 December 2021
Abstract: It is very remarkable that interest in the physical well-being of children and the underlying factors that affect it is growing. Therefore, this paper attempt to shed light on some aspects of children's well-being in Morocco and what influences it. Statistical data collected by the 2011 National Demographic and Health Survey (individual child data) and the 2014 Census (municipal data) are used. Physical well-being includes health status, nutrition, preventative health care, as well as physical activity and safety. However, the choice of the most relevant indicators of child's physical well-being is limited by the availability and the representativeness of data. A principal component analysis (PCA) was applied. It permits us to explore the association between children's well-being and the total fertility rate. Also, it takes into account other socio-economic indicators, all measured at the macro level. In addition, the PCA approach has been applied to a set of child well-being measures and the first factorial axis scores were retained as a composite indicator of the child's well-being. This composite index of the child's physical well-being was used as the dependent variable in a multiple regression analysis. The main conclusions are: 1- The city characteristic of the area of residence improves children's chances of enjoying a certain standard of well-being. 2- Child well-being is adversely correlated with the level of fertility and the rate of illiteracy at the municipal level. 3- The regression model confirmed the links between fertility (measured by both individual and contextual indicators) and child well-being. The regression analysis also highlights the impact of the child's mother's level of education, the child's mother's professional status and the place of residence.
Abstract: It is very remarkable that interest in the physical well-being of children and the underlying factors that affect it is growing. Therefore, this paper attempt to shed light on some aspects of children's well-being in Morocco and what influences it. Statistical data collected by the 2011 National Demographic and Health Survey (individual child data)...
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Agricultural Territory Entrepreneurship and Regional Integration in the CEMAC Zone
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
333-347
Received:
20 September 2021
Accepted:
30 November 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: The main objective of this research is to demonstrate that it is possible to promote agricultural Territorial Entrepreneurship (TE) capitalising on the opportunities of the CEMAC. To this end, two specific objectives guided this research (1) To prove that the territories (T) where PIDMA Agricultural Cooperative Partners (Agricultural Investment and Market Development Project) are prepared for an agricultural TE; (2) To demonstrate that there is a significant link between PIDMA and TE capitalising CEMAC opportunities. Using the hypothetical-deductive method, base on case study (Bangangte and Ngoulemakong Municipality), the institutional diagnostic (of PIDMA), and the documentaries analysis that including economic policies and activities reports of economic development; the research established the unpreparedness of the territories and the communication between PIDMA and TE due to the inadequacy of the political institutional context. This context is marked by a policy of industrialisation, based on poles (10 regional poles) which in fact do not correspond to areas of proximity, territorial identity, community self-promotion and functional specialisation. The research has also shown that the PIDMA has the statutory, organic, cognitive and material to promote an agribusiness that conquers the community and the international markets. Unfortunately, its strategy is ineffective because of: its development objective, which is not the development of territories (T), but rather the completeness of value chain; the failure to observe the principles of community development, in particular: transversally, integration of development action, the development of local partnership and the animation of territories. Given its capacities, age-old traditional institutions and territorial identity favourable to the community development in the territory, and the modest adjustment required for its intervention strategy, it is possible for the PIDMA to promote territorial agricultural entrepreneurship, capitalising on the opportunities of the CEMAC.
Abstract: The main objective of this research is to demonstrate that it is possible to promote agricultural Territorial Entrepreneurship (TE) capitalising on the opportunities of the CEMAC. To this end, two specific objectives guided this research (1) To prove that the territories (T) where PIDMA Agricultural Cooperative Partners (Agricultural Investment and...
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Think and Practice on the Construction of Enterprise Safety Culture
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
348-351
Received:
19 November 2021
Accepted:
6 December 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: Safety is more important than Mount Tai, to ensure production safety is the bottom line requirement of enterprise management. Social practice shows that safety technology can not fully guarantee the safety of enterprises, and the guarantee of enterprise safety should be studied from the spiritual level, that is, let the "natural person" in enterprises become a "safe person". The work content of oil enterprises is more complex, and oil exploration, mining and processing have some uncontrollable factors, which further highlights the importance of safety awareness. Under the new social situation, the country is also becoming more and more concerned about enterprise security. Therefore, in the production of enterprises, we should objectively analyze the problems existing in the operation of enterprises, and pay attention to the construction of enterprise safety culture, so as to comprehensively improve the production level of enterprises. We need to establish the concept of safe development, promote the concept of putting life first and safety first, improve the responsibility system for work safety, and resolutely curb major and major safety accidents. Safety culture is an important part of the corporate culture, it is the concentrated embodiment of the enterprise safety values, and it is the sum of the material and spiritual factors of the enterprise safety. It is an important content of the construction of safety culture to strengthen the research of safety culture and consciously apply it to the practice of safety management. Grasp the way to improve the effectiveness of safety management, so that the safety guarantee measures and safety management mechanism effectively play, to achieve the production safety, the construction of a harmonious enterprise and other aspects have achieved good results.
Abstract: Safety is more important than Mount Tai, to ensure production safety is the bottom line requirement of enterprise management. Social practice shows that safety technology can not fully guarantee the safety of enterprises, and the guarantee of enterprise safety should be studied from the spiritual level, that is, let the "natural person" in enterpri...
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Consumer Generated Media and Their Impacts on the Decisions of Travelers: The Case of Tripadvisor’s Online Reviews in Morocco
Hadach Mohamed,
Ed-dali Rachid,
Chihab Younes
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
352-358
Received:
27 March 2020
Accepted:
21 April 2020
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: Tourism is considered today as one of the pillars of any given economy and many countries seek its growth and flourish. The present study highlights the crucial role of Tripadvisor and Booking.com which are used by more than 100 million users around the world in promoting the reputation of the Moroccan e-tourism and e-WOM. Millions of tourists and travelers rely on the reviews of well-renowned consumer generated media rather than using the services of traditional websites provided by governments, travel agents and hotels. The growing cases of deception and fake content prompt the consumer to look for reliable and trustworthy information based on previous experiences of real reviewers. This study further sheds light on the factors participating in the amelioration of the CGM which can influence the tourism industry in Morocco, including trustworthiness of the source, trustworthiness of the content, customer’s satisfaction and customer’s experience with consumer generated media.
Abstract: Tourism is considered today as one of the pillars of any given economy and many countries seek its growth and flourish. The present study highlights the crucial role of Tripadvisor and Booking.com which are used by more than 100 million users around the world in promoting the reputation of the Moroccan e-tourism and e-WOM. Millions of tourists and ...
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Paedophilia and Silence: A Finland Swedish Case Study
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
359-366
Received:
22 November 2021
Accepted:
17 December 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: In the year 2009, in a small Lutheran revivalist movement, a Laestadian community in western Finland, a case of paedophilia was disclosed. Paedophilia is known as a crime since the end of the nineteenth century. It turned out that several members of the community had been aware of what was happening but that, for some forty years, they hid their knowledge from one another. After several decades of silence some of the paedophile’s victims, i.e., his grandchildren, decided to reveal their memories. Everybody could read about their fate in both the local press and newspapers published in Sweden, and what they learnt, certainly, caused vivid reactions. In this article, interviews with four members are analysed, and the questions posed to the oral material about what had happened are why the members of the community turned a blind eye although the man’s behaviour was a crime and how they avoided revealing what they knew. It turned out that the community members subsided for reasons supported by religion, society, pedagogics, cognisance and economy. Laziness and cowardliness were not the most important reasons for silence, although they were elements in the process of co-dependency. The strategy for not being obliged to expose their highly appreciated preacher and Sunday school teacher was to refer to his religious expertise.
Abstract: In the year 2009, in a small Lutheran revivalist movement, a Laestadian community in western Finland, a case of paedophilia was disclosed. Paedophilia is known as a crime since the end of the nineteenth century. It turned out that several members of the community had been aware of what was happening but that, for some forty years, they hid their kn...
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A Study of Green Balanced Scorecard Model
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
367-375
Received:
28 November 2021
Accepted:
16 December 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is widely applied and it is playing a significant role as a tool for organizational performance evaluation and strategic management. With the increasing emphasis on the concept of green development, in addition to considering the impact of the environment on business performance and development, the BSC must also consider the impact of business performance and development on the environment. In this paper, based on the traditional BSC, I construct the Green Balanced Scorecard Model (GBSCM) with a new “environment and green” dimension, raising it to the same level as the other four dimensions. In turn, I divide the “environment and green” dimension into internal and external environments, soft and hard environments, and analyze it in terms of time and space dimensions, as well as its connotation and indicator composition. I extend the original internal processes to the outside of the organization and expand them into process dimension. Also, I extend the finance into value process and enhance it to form a sustainable GBSCM. This model can provide a thinking guidance model for green and sustainable enterprise development. In the GBSCM, the customer dimension is drawn at the top, indicating that the customer has the highest priority and that customer needs comes first. The learning and growth dimension and the environment and green dimension are at the bottom, indicating that based on the environment and green development, continuous learning and growth is the basis and foundation of sustainable development of enterprises. The process is where the business exists and the value is where the process results, so they are in the middle. Process, value, learning and growth, environment and green complement each other, so companies have their bread buttered on both sides. Enterprises learn and grow according to the concept of green environment and sustainable development. Vision and strategy pentagram points at the five dimensions of the enterprise, guiding the enterprise to maintain dynamic and balanced development in the coordinates of time and space, and then achieve the success of the five dimensions.
Abstract: The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is widely applied and it is playing a significant role as a tool for organizational performance evaluation and strategic management. With the increasing emphasis on the concept of green development, in addition to considering the impact of the environment on business performance and development, the BSC must also consid...
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Sexual Harassment and Associated Factors Among Teenage Females in Pawi District, Beneshagul Gumuz Regional State, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021
Bidika Sarika,
Alemi Kebede,
Birtukan Edilu,
Meseret Lalo
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
376-385
Received:
14 November 2021
Accepted:
11 December 2021
Published:
29 December 2021
Abstract: Background: Sexual harassment can be defined as unwelcome and unwanted sexual advances desires for sexual favor, and verbal, non-verbal, or physical contact of a sexual nature that creates a hostile or offensive environment. Sexual harassment occurs anywhere commonly in schools and teenage females faced psychological, social, and environmental problems. Few studies have been performed in Ethiopia related to sexual harassment, but some variables were, not included in the previous study like body makeup, and wearing style, and qualitative study was not included and also there is no baseline information on sexual harassment and possible risk factor in this study area. Objective: This study is aimed to assess sexual harassment and associated factor among teenage females of Pawi district Benishangul Gumuz Northwest Ethiopia in 2021. Method: Community-based cross-sectional study supplemented by qualitative was conducted in Pawi district Benishangul Gumuz Northwest Ethiopia from April 30 2021 to May 30, 2021. The study includes 422 teenagers female and a simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data entered using Epi Data-V.3.1 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews with purposively selected key informants were included and analyses were thematized manually. Result: The prevalence of sexual harassment among teenagers females of the pawi district within twelve months was 185 (44%). Residence (rural) AOR =[1.717 95%CI (1.117-2.639)], marital status (single) AOR=3.158 95%CI (1.268-7.864), current living status (alone) AOR=[4.701 95%CI (1.268-17.431], alcohol consumption AOR=[4.533 95%CI (2.311-8.890)], having body makeup AOR=[1.967 95%CI (1.178-3.284)], and having a boyfriend AOR=[3.242 95%CI (1.798-5.844)] has positive significant association with sexual harassment. Conclusion and recommendation: The sexual harassment among teenage females in the pawi district was 44%. Furthermore, being single/unmarried, living in a rural area, current living status (alone), alcohol consumption, and having a boyfriend were significantly associated with sexual harassment. Therefore government and the community need to work together to minimize sexual harassment and create a safe environment for teenage females.
Abstract: Background: Sexual harassment can be defined as unwelcome and unwanted sexual advances desires for sexual favor, and verbal, non-verbal, or physical contact of a sexual nature that creates a hostile or offensive environment. Sexual harassment occurs anywhere commonly in schools and teenage females faced psychological, social, and environmental prob...
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