Effect of Lead Graded Doses in Mactra Corallina Gills: Antioxidants Status, Cholinergic Function and Histopathological Studies
Imene Chetoui,
Safa Bejaoui,
Chaima Fouzai,
Wafa Trabelsi,
Salwa Nechi,
Emna Chelbi,
Mohamed Ghalghaf,
M’hamed El Cafsi,
Nejla Soudani
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
1-9
Received:
12 March 2019
Accepted:
27 April 2019
Published:
12 June 2019
Abstract: Lead is non-essential toxic metal used in the industrial process causes severe risk to aquatic organisms. This study aimed (aims) to evaluate the effect of Pb on oxidative stress in gills of Mactra corallina. During the experiment, bivalves were randomly divided into four groups, control served as control and D1, D2 and D3 groups were exposed to Pb graded doses (1mg/L, 2.5mg/L and 5mg/L) during 5 days, respectively. Pb accumulation was significantly increased in all treated gills with doses dependent manner. The exposure of M. corallina to PbCl2 promoted oxidative stress in gills with an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and in metallothionein (MTs) levels. Moreover, a decline in glutathione (GSH), non-protein–SH (NPSH) and ascorbic acid (Vit C) levels were detected in all treated groups. Thus, alterations of enzymatic antioxidants systems were confirmed by a significant increase of catalase (CAT) and decreases of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in doses dependent manner. The cholinergic function was confirmed by a significant decrease of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the highest exposure dose. The impairment of the gill function was confirmed by the histological study.
Abstract: Lead is non-essential toxic metal used in the industrial process causes severe risk to aquatic organisms. This study aimed (aims) to evaluate the effect of Pb on oxidative stress in gills of Mactra corallina. During the experiment, bivalves were randomly divided into four groups, control served as control and D1, D2 and D3 groups were exposed to Pb...
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Investigation of Toxicity and Systemic Exposure of Bioactive Compounds of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae) on Wistar Rats
Tembe Fokunang Estella,
Ndi Sirri Akwen,
Njinkio Borgia Nono,
Tsabang Nole,
Ndikum Valentin Nchafor,
Ngameni Bathelemy,
Nguefack Tsague Georges,
Charles Fokunang,
Ngadjui Bonaventure Tchaleu
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
10-17
Received:
26 April 2019
Accepted:
28 May 2019
Published:
24 June 2019
Abstract: Conventional medications used to treat ulcers are not easily accessible to remote areas, costly and not without side effects, thus causing many patients residing in rural areas to resort to herbal means of treatment. World Health Organization records that at least 80% of the world’s population depends on herbal medicinal products. Herbal therapy is the belief that it will promote healthier living. Azadirachta indica is a tree extensively spread in the Northern parts and sparsely distributed in the Northwest Region of Cameroon, used as a remedy for several pathologies, amongst which we have gastric ulcers which is our area of interest. The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute oral toxicity (420 OECD guidelines), systemic exposure and biochemical parameters of toxicity of Azadirachta indica. A. Juss on Wistar rats. Various biochemical parameters such as the: MDA, Catalase, Glutathione, Pepsin, SOD, ASAT, ALAT, Creatinine, XO, and total proteins, were quantified. The acute oral toxicity was of 2000 mg/Kg single dose and compared to a control group which was administered tap water. The administration of 2000 mg/Kg was well tolerated and no death was recorded throughout the fourteen days of observation. No toxic effects were recorded in the organs, implying that at the dose of 2000 mg/Kg, Azadirachta indica was safe. Azadirachta indica aqueous leaf extract contains active metabolites coumarins, catechic tannins, polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids and phlobotannins that were bioavailable in systemic circulation. Showed bioavailability at the tested doses (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/Kg), with the presence of phytochemicals being dose dependent. A clean toxicity profile, with just a slight increase in the level of creatinine.
Abstract: Conventional medications used to treat ulcers are not easily accessible to remote areas, costly and not without side effects, thus causing many patients residing in rural areas to resort to herbal means of treatment. World Health Organization records that at least 80% of the world’s population depends on herbal medicinal products. Herbal therapy is...
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