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Case Report
Evaluating Efficacy of Newly Introduced Herbicides Against Coffee Weeds at Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia
Tigist Bidira*,
Tamiru Shimalis,
Tekleeyesus Firde
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, April 2024
Pages:
1-7
Received:
4 December 2023
Accepted:
20 December 2023
Published:
8 January 2024
Abstract: Weed is the major limiting factor of coffee production in Ethiopia. Weeds cause 65% coffee yield reduction in the country. Now a day, the expensiveness of weed management has been a principle issue in economic analysis of coffee production in Ethiopia. Herbicide weeding is a best management option in coffee production. Which can offer an advantage of taking less time, demanding less labor and avoid potential of diseases spread that causes during mechanical weed management practices. Thus, newly introduced herbicides verification trial was conducted in Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Agaro and Gera sub center on station in 2022 cropping season to evaluate the efficacy of newly introduced herbicides. The study consists two (2) newly introduced herbicides such as Wipe away (Glyphosate Potassium salt 665 G/SL) Afro (Glyphosate 48% SL) and Kalach 360 SL (Glyphosate 36% SL) as standard check and weedy control check. The herbicides effectively reduced weed density and provide good weed control efficiency compared with weedy control. Especially Afro well performed compared with standard check herbicide. Tested herbicides provided full control through season with single application equivalent with kalach 360SL standard check herbicides. Tested herbicides showed fully control of weed species between 21- 30 days after treatment application. Therefore, based on herbicides efficacy test result Wipe away (Glyphosate Potassium salt 665 G/SL) at 0.75 liter per hector within 200 liter water and Afro (Glyphosate 48% SL) at 3.5 liter per hector within 250 liter applied at active growth stages of major coffee weeds recommended for control weeds in coffee.
Abstract: Weed is the major limiting factor of coffee production in Ethiopia. Weeds cause 65% coffee yield reduction in the country. Now a day, the expensiveness of weed management has been a principle issue in economic analysis of coffee production in Ethiopia. Herbicide weeding is a best management option in coffee production. Which can offer an advantage ...
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Research Article
Resveratrol: A Cell Growth Inhibitor Against Leishmania Tropica
Kashif Iqbal*,
Qaiser Aziz,
Ayesha Sana
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, April 2024
Pages:
8-10
Received:
8 December 2023
Accepted:
6 January 2024
Published:
23 January 2024
Abstract: This study describes cell growth inhibition through invitro, invivo antileishmanial and cytotoxic effect of Resveratrol. Resveratrol was tested at range of concentration of 1 - 10 µg/ml for invitro analysis on L-tropica strain for 24 – 72 h, whereas Sodium Stibogluconate was reference drug. BALB/c mice were subjected to invivo test relative to negative control, while mammalian cells (Lymphocytes) were used in cytotoxic test. After 72 h, tested compound showed significant results against promastigotes at concentration of 1 µg/ml, 2.5 µg/ml, 5 µg/ml, 7.5 µg/ml and 10 µg/ml which were 90.5 ± 0.02, 95.2 ± 0.07, 96.5 ± 0.05, 97.8 ± 0.03 and 98.2 ± 0.04 respectively. After 6 weeks, it showed promising results against intracellular amastigotes in mean lesion size which decrease from 0.9 ± 0.2 mm to 0.25 ± 0.2 mm (p < 0.02) where as 10 mg/kg (dose) was subjected to BALB/c mice which exhibited decrease in percentage cure rate up to 94.01 (95 % C.I = 92.01 – 96.21). IC50 values of lymphocytes showed 14.23 µg/ml (95 % C.I = 10.05 – 17.56) against Resveratrol. After analysis, it was observed that Resveratrol possesses anti-leishmanial activities against the cell growth of L. tropica and has no effect on lymphocytes.
Abstract: This study describes cell growth inhibition through invitro, invivo antileishmanial and cytotoxic effect of Resveratrol. Resveratrol was tested at range of concentration of 1 - 10 µg/ml for invitro analysis on L-tropica strain for 24 – 72 h, whereas Sodium Stibogluconate was reference drug. BALB/c mice were subjected to invivo test relative to nega...
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Research Article
The Role of Color and Hue in Drug Design
Zhao Mingrui*,
Wang Yilin,
Peng Peng,
Li Hengxin,
Li Zhaoxia
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, April 2024
Pages:
11-15
Received:
27 December 2023
Accepted:
9 January 2024
Published:
1 February 2024
Abstract: Purpose To explore the impact of color and hue in drug design and provide practical applications in drug development. Methods the association between color psychology and drug development, how color and hue can be used to influence people's perception and acceptance of drugs, and the practical application of color and hue in pharmaceutical formulations, were discussed carefully. Especially color symbolism and its impact on drug perception, the role of colors and hues in supporting patient recovery, and utilization of color and hue in enhance medication adherence. At the same time, how to adjust color and hue to improve the stability and efficacy of drugs, considering the regulatory for colorants in drug design, innovating approaches in incorporating color and hue in drug delivery systems, emphasizing the potential significance of color and hue in drug design were delved, advanced technologies such as nano-suspensions, liposomal delivery systems, and microencapsulation have enabled precise control over the color and hue of the drug products, offering enhanced stability and targeted delivery. These innovative drug delivery systems not only ensure the uniform distribution of colorants but also enable the modulation of release profiles and bioavailability of the drugs. meanwhile put forword that the role of education advocacy and social responsibility in drug misuse should be considered. The correct way is providing comprehensive education on the potential risks and benefits of drug misuse. Conclusion color and hue play an important role in drug design, and their profound impact is worthy of further exploration.
Abstract: Purpose To explore the impact of color and hue in drug design and provide practical applications in drug development. Methods the association between color psychology and drug development, how color and hue can be used to influence people's perception and acceptance of drugs, and the practical application of color and hue in pharmaceutical formulat...
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Research Article
Molecular Interaction Analysis of Phytochemicals as the Prospective Potential Multi-Target Inhibitors Related to Psoriasis and Other Autoimmune Disorders
Biswajit Swain,
Srinivas Maddi*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, April 2024
Pages:
16-30
Received:
2 January 2024
Accepted:
20 January 2024
Published:
1 February 2024
Abstract: Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease in which the immune system's T cells are activated and trigger inflammation within the skin. Inflammatory markers, such as IL-23, IL-17, IL-6, TNF-α, NLRP-3, and 12R Lipoxygenase (12 R-Lox), play a crucial role in the inflammatory pathway. Anti-inflammatory drugs are used to modulate the immune response and reduce excessive inflammation that contributes to disease progression. However, many existing anti-inflammatory drugs often target a single marker, potentially limiting their effectiveness and leading to side effects. Emerging research has highlighted the potential of various phytochemicals to modulate inflammatory processes and contribute to improved health outcomes. This study aimed to explore the potential of phytochemicals as alternative therapeutic agents targeting multiple psoriasis inflammatory biomarkers. In silico molecular docking was conducted on various phytochemicals, including curcumin, mangiferin, reservatrol, silybin, quercertin, piperine, and naringin against different inflammatory biomarkers: IL-6, IL-17, IL-23, TNF-α, NLRP-3 and 12R-Lox. The results illustrated that among the phytochemicals, silybin exhibited the highest docking score and inhibiting effects on all the inflammatory biomarkers. Curcumin, mangiferin, silybin and piperine demonstrated binding with multiple inflammatory biomarkers. Additionally, 12R-Lox displayed the highest binding affinity with all the phytochemicals. The inhibition and binding effects of the remaining phytochemicals under evaluation were moderate. The combination of these phytochemicals can be used for the preparation of medications targeting psoriasis.
Abstract: Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease in which the immune system's T cells are activated and trigger inflammation within the skin. Inflammatory markers, such as IL-23, IL-17, IL-6, TNF-α, NLRP-3, and 12R Lipoxygenase (12 R-Lox), play a crucial role in the inflammatory pathway. Anti-inflammatory drugs are used to modulate the immune response and...
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Research Article
Identification of Potential Cytochrome p450c 17 Alpha Inhibitors for the Treatment of PCOS via Scaffold Hopping and Fragment-Based De-Novo Drug Design
Comfort Azansuma Bandoma,
Prince Yeboah,
Kenneth Gyan,
Shuraif Abdul Rafiu,
Juliana Achiaa Adusei,
Gideon Djan*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, April 2024
Pages:
31-44
Received:
28 November 2023
Accepted:
12 December 2023
Published:
5 February 2024
Abstract: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting reproductive-aged women. It is characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovarian dysfunction, and metabolic abnormalities. Current treatment options have limitations and many women remain undiagnosed or untreated. Cytochrome P450c 17 alpha (CYP17A1) plays a key role in androgen biosynthesis and is a potential therapeutic target for PCOS. Known CYP17A1 inhibitors metformin, spironolactone, and clomiphene were used for scaffold hopping to generate structurally diverse compounds. These were screened against CYP17A1 (PDB code 3RUK) through molecular docking. Hits were subjected to fragment-based de novo design and further docking. Quality parameters, ADMET profiling, and biological activity predictions were evaluated. Scaffold hopping yielded 300 compounds, from which 10 hits were identified. De novo design generated 326 ligands, of which 7 demonstrated superior binding to 3RUK compared to reference drugs. These hits formed favourable interactions within the binding pocket and exhibited drug-like properties. They were predicted to inhibit CYP17A1 and show activity for PCOS-related indications. Toxicity profiling suggested an acceptable safety profile. Through an integrated in silico workflow, this study identified 7 novel CYP17A1 inhibitor scaffolds as potential leads for PCOS treatment. Their predicted bioactivities and properties warrant further experimental validation. This approach provides a foundation for the development of improved PCOS therapeutics targeting androgen biosynthesis.
Abstract: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting reproductive-aged women. It is characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovarian dysfunction, and metabolic abnormalities. Current treatment options have limitations and many women remain undiagnosed or untreated. Cytochrome P450c 17 alpha (CYP17A1) plays a key role in androgen bios...
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