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Food Values Applied to Moringa oleifera: A Case Study in Niger
Zakou Amadou,
Rabe Mahamane Moctar
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2020
Pages:
225-233
Received:
24 September 2020
Accepted:
21 October 2020
Published:
30 October 2020
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to determine food values as applied to leafy vegetables such as Moringa oleifera and to specifically determine how climate change and food security information influence food values using recent advances in best worst scaling. Based on previous research related food values and focus group with consumers and resourceful persons, thirteen food values were identified and included in this study. Data were collected from 174 respondents randomly selected and interviewed in both rural and urban locations. Results suggest that food values such as veganism, nutrition, aesthetic object and social good when applied toMoringa oleifera are among the more important to consumers; while medicine, culture and object of hunger and desire were among the least important to consumers. Our findings further revealed that food values such nutrition is the most important when climate change information is provided to consumers, while technology and culture are the least important food values. Finally, food values such veganism, aesthetic object and nutrition are the most important, whereas food values such as culture is the least important when food security information is provided to consumers.
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to determine food values as applied to leafy vegetables such as Moringa oleifera and to specifically determine how climate change and food security information influence food values using recent advances in best worst scaling. Based on previous research related food values and focus group with consumers and resourcefu...
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Food Consumption Patterns and Demand Elasticities for South West Rural Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2020
Pages:
234-242
Received:
28 September 2020
Accepted:
16 October 2020
Published:
30 October 2020
Abstract: Demand elasticities are powerful tools to quantify welfare effects of relative price changes concomitant to shocks in economic environment of consumers. This study examined food demand elasticities to demonstrate how rural households in South West Ethiopia react to income and price changes by drawing on 267 observations of Household Income and Consumption Expenditure Survey data collected by Central Statistical Authority. It estimated Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand Systems (QUAIDS) of six groups of food items controlled for censoring and expenditure endogeneity by applying Nonlinear Seemingly Unrelated Regression (NLSUR) technique after incorporating household characteristics into the systems as intercept shifters. The descriptive statistics results showed that households allocate about 55 percent of income to food consumption of which root crops, fruits and vegetables were the dominant. The inferential statistics revealed that household characteristics such as sex, family size, age, education and location significantly influence the consumption patterns, and changes in income and prices would induce adjustment in consumption patterns that manifest by change in the quantities and types of items consumed. The results implicate the need for emphasizing crop specific price policies over holistic approach and policies that target income over policies targeting prices.
Abstract: Demand elasticities are powerful tools to quantify welfare effects of relative price changes concomitant to shocks in economic environment of consumers. This study examined food demand elasticities to demonstrate how rural households in South West Ethiopia react to income and price changes by drawing on 267 observations of Household Income and Cons...
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Analysis of Consumer Perceptions on Food Purchasing During COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh
Most Moriom Khatun,
Noor Md. Rahmatullah,
Sharmin Afrin,
Fazlul Hoque,
Tanjina Afrin,
Fatema-tuz-Zohura
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2020
Pages:
243-250
Received:
13 October 2020
Accepted:
23 October 2020
Published:
4 November 2020
Abstract: COVID-19 pandemic creates a worldwide problematic situation as well as Bangladesh which secures the top ten GDP growths in the last decade. Since this country has an agriculture dominated economy, this pandemic badly affects on the agricultural business sector. However, the significance of the COVID-19 pandemic may vary from different parts of Bangladesh. To visualize those effects on the consumers’ points of view, this research has been conducted for measuring the different points of pandemic affects on 10 different agricultural products. A survey has been designed to collect the consumers’ perception to buy agricultural food during this pandemic and a total of 200+ valid data was selected for analysis. Data has been randomly collected from all over the country having a prioritized location with a higher COVID-19 detection rate. Respondents shared their viewpoints on 10 different agricultural products type named as Coarse Rice, finer quality rice, beef & mutton, poultry & egg, local fish, exported fish, fruits & vegetables, cooking oil, spice crops, and imported foods. The data are statistically analyzed to answer three research questions regarding food availability, price hiking, and the government’s initiatives to mitigate the impact of this pandemic. It has been found that almost every consumer reports comparatively higher pricing and a lack of agricultural products in the domestic market. All the data are negatively skewed for pricing in terms of any cities in Bangladesh, which means every consumer suffer from the price hiking during this pandemic. It also depicted that the food crisis was more dominated in the capital city rather than the remote local villages, which may happen due to the supply chain disruption of perishable products. However, the government already took some initiatives to mitigate the effect of this pandemic, but more thanthemajority of the respondents are not fully convinced of that. An interesting finding is that the crisis issue is not significantly dependent on any consumers’ demographic data, which means every category of consumers already more or less affected by the pandemic.
Abstract: COVID-19 pandemic creates a worldwide problematic situation as well as Bangladesh which secures the top ten GDP growths in the last decade. Since this country has an agriculture dominated economy, this pandemic badly affects on the agricultural business sector. However, the significance of the COVID-19 pandemic may vary from different parts of Bang...
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Family Structure and Farm Organization in the Cotton Zone of Kita (Mali)
Adama Ouayiribe Traore,
Breima Traore
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2020
Pages:
251-263
Received:
26 October 2020
Accepted:
5 November 2020
Published:
11 November 2020
Abstract: This paper characterizes the structure of the family and family farms in the cotton zone of West Mali (Circle of Kita) using primary data from the survey of the Interuniversity Target Project (PIC) of the Mande Bukari University of Bamako (UMB), the Free University of Brussels (ULB) and the University Foundation Notre Dame de Paix de Namur (FUNDP). The study covered 211 households, with a study population of 3010 people in 18 villages surveyed, and the average family size was 11 people. The analysis of family structure shows that there are three types of families, namely the extended family, the mixed family and the nuclear family. This typology is strongly related to the organization of the farm. The results show that famsily breakups in the Kita area are moderate because most members of the concession live together in the same spatial unit under the authority of a main head of household. In addition, there are two types of family farms, collective and individual farms. The majority of collective plots (86.43%) were inherited upon the death of the father or former head of the family. Land loan transactions are part of a traditional solidarity logic and not a land rental market as we know it in developed countries. The practice of individual farms is a growing phenomenon in the area, which have been granted by the head of the family to 96.89% of the members living in the concession, thus demonstrating the local character of the land loan market.
Abstract: This paper characterizes the structure of the family and family farms in the cotton zone of West Mali (Circle of Kita) using primary data from the survey of the Interuniversity Target Project (PIC) of the Mande Bukari University of Bamako (UMB), the Free University of Brussels (ULB) and the University Foundation Notre Dame de Paix de Namur (FUNDP)....
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Characterization of Marketing and Management System of Indigenous Chicken Ecotypes in Awi Zone, Ethiopia
Andualem Yihun,
Manzoor Ahmed Kirmani,
Meseret Molla
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2020
Pages:
264-278
Received:
23 October 2020
Accepted:
4 November 2020
Published:
19 November 2020
Abstract: The study was conducted in three districts of Awi zone in Amhara region, with the aim of managemental system of indigenous chicken ecotypes. Atotal of 180 households were participated in the interviews, which was conducted using a structured questionnaire. The most dominant chicken production system was a subsistence extensive system which is based on indigenous chickens with scavenging and supplementary feeding of home grown grains and household food refusals. In this study the Scavenging was the major feeding system in all districts. About 85%, 93.33% and 78.33% of the respondents in high-land, mid-land and low-land agro-ecologies practiced scavenging with supplementary feeds respectively. The age of cockerels at first mating and pullets at first egg laying were 5.21 months and 5.77 months, respectively. The results of the rankings had shown that diseases outbreaks mainly Newcastle (locally called wotetie) disease and together with predators were the major and economically important constraint for the existing chicken rearing system. In conclusion, there is diversity of indigenous chicken population and farmers’ preference of different traits that may invite to design community based selection criteria. And these were recommended in poultry breeding policy which focused on managemental system, selection, and trait preference should be designed.
Abstract: The study was conducted in three districts of Awi zone in Amhara region, with the aim of managemental system of indigenous chicken ecotypes. Atotal of 180 households were participated in the interviews, which was conducted using a structured questionnaire. The most dominant chicken production system was a subsistence extensive system which is based...
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Study on Existing Husbandry Management Practices of Cattle Rearing in Selected Areas of Bangladesh
Md. Ruhul Amin,
Md. Ahsanul Kabir,
S. M. Jahangir Hossain,
Gautam Kumar Deb,
Sardar Muhammad Amanullah,
Farhana Afroz
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2020
Pages:
279-285
Received:
7 October 2020
Accepted:
20 October 2020
Published:
19 November 2020
Abstract: The study was executed to explore the present husbandry management practices of cattle rearing in selected areas of Bangladesh. A total 719 of samples were selected using simple random sampling technique from 14 selected upazilas of 9 districts. Data were collected through well-developed, pre-tested objective-based questionnaire and on-farm face to face direct interview. Data were analyzed using MS Excel and SPSS 20 software with descriptive statistics. From the study it was found that farmers were used half grazing (39.97%), full grazing (33.63%) and stall feeding (26.40%) cattle rearing systems. Most of the cattle sheds were found shabby type (47.89%). The average time of grazing and taking care of cattle were found 6.08 and 5.25 hours/day respectively. However, in intensive system straw and concentrate feed (8.04% and 14.94%) and in semi-intensive system grass and concentrate (5.67% and 7.47%) were provided. Most of the farmers (52.02%) used chopped roughage followed by balance ration (9.64%) of feeding technology. Moreover, most of the farmers irrespective of areas used wheat bran (65.07%) and rice police (49.92%) to feed their cattle. The scenarios of fodder cultivation of different study areas were found poor. Furthermore, the farmers had taken animal quarantine (24.19%), used cleaning farm premises (90.26%) and controlled rodents and external parasite (52.26%). Irrespective of areas regular cleaning, de-worming, vaccination, disinfect and did not take any kind of measure were 88.52%, 67.61%, 63.37%, 17.44% and 11.72% respectively. It may be concluded that there was a lack of knowledge found about scientific management practices in rearing cattle and scope for improvement of management practices of cattle for better milk and meat production in the context of Bangladesh.
Abstract: The study was executed to explore the present husbandry management practices of cattle rearing in selected areas of Bangladesh. A total 719 of samples were selected using simple random sampling technique from 14 selected upazilas of 9 districts. Data were collected through well-developed, pre-tested objective-based questionnaire and on-farm face to...
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Socioeconomic Investigation and Husbandry Management Practices of Native Sheep Rearing Farmers in Selected Areas of Bangladesh
Md. Ruhul Amin,
Md. Ershaduzzaman,
S. M. Jahangir Hossain,
Md. Ahsanul Kabir,
Gautam Kumar Deb
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2020
Pages:
286-292
Received:
22 October 2020
Accepted:
5 November 2020
Published:
19 November 2020
Abstract: The present research was design to explore the socioeconomic conditions, the existing husbandry management practices along with the problems and constraints of native sheep rearing farmers at the field level. The data was collected from purposively selected 11 upazilas of 6 districts in Bangladesh. The data was collected through a pre-tested interview schedule from 1768 sheep rearing farmers by using simple random sampling technique and analyzed descriptively. The research revealed that 52.65% of farmers were literate in the study areas and most of them (32.52%) were studied classes 1 to 5. The literacy rate of the sheep farmers was the highest in Nikhongchari and Subornochar upazilas. The main occupation of sheep rearing farmer was agriculture (65.16%). However, the landholdings and annual income were found 122.01±8.85 decimal and BDT 80 thousand respectively. The highest landholding and annual income were found in Subornochar (373.19 decimal) and Copanigonj upazillas (BDT 215 thousand) respectively. Moreover, Subornochar and Copanigonj upazilas were found rich in livestock assets than the other surveyed areas. The highest herd size of sheep per household found 76.61±8.90 and 30.71±7.26 in Copanigonj and Subornochar upazilas respectively. In all irrespective of areas, the herd size per household was found 13.27±1.23. Among all types of sheep ewe (56.47%) was the highest because farmers normally kept ewes for further reproduction, ram and wither were sold early in the market. Furthermore, the existing management practices of native sheep found poor irrespective of areas. Most of the farmers have no separated shed and 21.50% of them used cow shed as the housing of native sheep. Hence, the feeding system was mostly the entire free movement system (49.33%) and the average time for field feeding was 9.33±0.05 hours/day. The farmers used open land (66.34%) and roadside (61.53%) as pasture land for their sheep. The highest 43.15% of farmers reported a shortage of natural feeding land followed by disease and treatment (41.00%) related problems. The organized efforts should be taken to incorporate a feasible and sustainable management system of native sheep and consequently to improve the socioeconomic conditions of rural poor farmers in Bangladesh.
Abstract: The present research was design to explore the socioeconomic conditions, the existing husbandry management practices along with the problems and constraints of native sheep rearing farmers at the field level. The data was collected from purposively selected 11 upazilas of 6 districts in Bangladesh. The data was collected through a pre-tested interv...
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Evaluation of the Adoption of Improved Agricultural Practices and Factors That Affect Adoption of Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc) Trotter) in Ethiopia
Yazachew Genet,
Tadele Feyso
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2020
Pages:
293-303
Received:
25 September 2020
Accepted:
16 October 2020
Published:
23 November 2020
Abstract: The average grain yield is low (at 1.75tha-1). Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the adoption of improved tef practices impacting yield and factors affecting the adoption of the improved agricultural practice in four regions of Ethiopia. Household surveys and crop cut surveys were used. Four districts, 101 each in Amhara, SNNP, Tigray, and 100 farmers in Oromia regions of Ethiopia were assessed in the study. Therefore, a total of 403 respondent farmers, were used. Data were analysed using SSPS. Among the seven improved agricultural practices assessed, fertilizer application, variety selection, and use, land preparation, and herbicide application showed higher adoption among the farmers. The correlation analysis results revealed that yield is positively and significantly correlated with land preparation (r=0.492), row planting (r=0.351) hand weeding (0.306), fertilizer application (r=0.143). This implies that the adoptions of these improved practices were contributing to yield increment. The result clearly indicated that the adoption of improved practices was influenced by a composite of demographic, socio-economic, and institutional factors. The partial budget analysis was employed using previous variable cost data collected in the Ada district by Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Centre. The result revealed that the highest increased income showed in Lume districts (positive net change in benefits) 37,431.2 birr ha-1 followed by Siyadebirenawayu districts which were 31,131.73 birr ha-1. However, the increased income in Lemo and Lalye Maychew were minima l9513.34 birr ha-1 and 11,469.95 birrs ha-1 respectively. The benefit-cost ratio for Lume and Siyadebir enawayu districts were 3.9 and 3.3, respectively. However, the benefit-cost ratio for Lemo and Lalye Maychew were 1.7 and 1.9, respectively. The variables significantly affect the adoption of tef improved practices by farmers were age, education level, family size, farm size, extension service provision. To solve problems of inadequate use of improved practices, Development Agents and Agricultural experts should provide farmers with more practical pieces of training under farmers’ direct participation in the demonstration centres. In order to attain food security, the nation policymakers should devise more effective farmers’ training mechanisms and provide more applicable tef production mechanizations effective on the process of tef production.
Abstract: The average grain yield is low (at 1.75tha-1). Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the adoption of improved tef practices impacting yield and factors affecting the adoption of the improved agricultural practice in four regions of Ethiopia. Household surveys and crop cut surveys were used. Four districts, 101 each in Amhara, SNNP, Tigray, and 100...
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Factor Affecting Adoption of IPM Technology; an Example from Banke and Surkhet District of Nepal
Arjun Khanal,
Punya Prasad Regmi,
Gopal Bahadur KC,
Dilli Bahadur KC,
Kishor Chandra Dahal
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2020
Pages:
304-312
Received:
29 October 2020
Accepted:
9 November 2020
Published:
23 November 2020
Abstract: This study evaluates the factor affecting adoption of IPM technology in Banke and Surkhet district of Nepal. An adoption analysis is necessary for describing and measuring the adoption of IPM technologies, which can provide important policy information that can lead to improvement of farmers’ lives. The dependent variable in the following adoption analysis can take four values 1, 2, 3 and 4, indicating different levels of adoption. Due to the ordered nature of the dependent variable the model used was an ordered probit model. The determinants of adoption included in the present model belong in three main categories: socio-demographic, economic, and institutional characteristics. Five variables were statistically significant at 1% level for practicing IPM technology, they were; experience, training, MPC, mass media, and farmer field school. Two variables were statistically significant at 5% level for practicing IPM technology, they were; awareness of pesticides alternatives and field day. One variable age is statistically significant at 10% level for practicing IPM technology. Seven others variables namely gender, total family member, education, farm area, extension agent, credit and visit were statistically non significant. The sign of the coefficient in the coefficient columns shows the type of impact, positive or negative, by the particular variable.
Abstract: This study evaluates the factor affecting adoption of IPM technology in Banke and Surkhet district of Nepal. An adoption analysis is necessary for describing and measuring the adoption of IPM technologies, which can provide important policy information that can lead to improvement of farmers’ lives. The dependent variable in the following adoption ...
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Factors Influencing Market Participation by Smallholder Farmers in Masvingo and Manicaland Provinces, Zimbabwe
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2020
Pages:
313-320
Received:
7 November 2018
Accepted:
17 January 2019
Published:
8 December 2020
Abstract: Markets play a critical role in economic development and strengthening market participation by smallholder farmers in both input and output markets is critical for the development of smallholder agriculture in Zimbabwe. This study analyzes the determinants of output markets participation in Masvingo and Manicaland provinces using data from a random sample 479 smallholder farmers. Market participation is very low with only 19% of the sample farmers participating in output markets. Results of the binary logistic regression show that the variables that have a positive and significant effect on outputs market participation are age of the head of household, the size of the household, the level of education of the head of household, the household agricultural income, the degree of farm specialization, access to irrigation, access to draft power, on demand extension service, quality of extension support, distance of the farm from the nearest rural business centre and tenure. Gender of the head of household, the level of education of household members, farming experience, the block training approach, the level of dependency, the farmer to farmer extension approach and household members with off-farm employment significantly and negatively influence market participation. In order to enhance smallholder farmers’ participation in output markets, the study recommends that policy intervention efforts must primarily focus on expanding access to irrigation and draft power as well as improving the quality of extension support services for the farmers.
Abstract: Markets play a critical role in economic development and strengthening market participation by smallholder farmers in both input and output markets is critical for the development of smallholder agriculture in Zimbabwe. This study analyzes the determinants of output markets participation in Masvingo and Manicaland provinces using data from a random...
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