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A Study on Hydroponic Farming System of Wheat for Sustainable Development of Agriculture
Maqsood Ali Wagan,
Farhan Ali Wagan
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2022
Pages:
1-3
Received:
21 December 2021
Accepted:
15 January 2022
Published:
21 January 2022
Abstract: Hydroponics is a type of horticulture and a subset of hydroculture which includes growing vegetation, typically vegetation, without soil, through the usage of mineral nutrient solutions in an aqueous solvent. Terrestrial or aquatic vegetation may also grow with their roots exposed to the nutritious liquid, or, further, the roots may be physically supported by way of an inert medium which include perlite, gravel, or different substrates. In spite of inert media, roots can cause adjustments of the rhizosphere ph and root exudates can affect rhizosphere biology and physiological balance of the nutrient answer through secondary metabolites. Hydroponic is characterized as the study of developing plants without soil by giving them compound arrangements containing fake types of supplements, which the plants by and large get from the soil. Developing wheat hydroponically for plant reproducing purposes might hold rise, yield and seed quality benefits contrasted with conventional establishing strategies. The constant expanded interest of food creation is heightening with increment of total populace. The conventional cultivating framework cannot cover the world's eminent interest for food with rising contamination level and motions in environment. The plan and advancement of new cultivating and establishing framework procedure is dire necessity to avoid food calamity in future. The current review planned to analyze a proficient lab to land move procedure for elective agri-cultivating framework, the tank-farming framework. The in vitro information was assessed and approved through mathematical apparatuses for similar records among aquaculture and regular water framework against wheat Triticum aestivum. The outcomes showed that wheat, showed generally excellent development in Hoagland arrangement in contrast with regular water. Accordingly the field utilization of the proposed aqua-farming framework for grains, vegetables and blossoming yields will fulfill the overall need of today and future by maintainable agribusiness cultivating approaches.
Abstract: Hydroponics is a type of horticulture and a subset of hydroculture which includes growing vegetation, typically vegetation, without soil, through the usage of mineral nutrient solutions in an aqueous solvent. Terrestrial or aquatic vegetation may also grow with their roots exposed to the nutritious liquid, or, further, the roots may be physically s...
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Economic Analysis of Potato Basic Seed Production Under Contract Farming in Kavrepalanchok, Nepal
Kumar Bolakhe,
Krishna Hari Dhakal,
Sabin Nepal,
Rachana Dahal
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2022
Pages:
4-10
Received:
24 December 2021
Accepted:
10 January 2022
Published:
21 January 2022
Abstract: In Nepal, potato basic seed production under contract farming is at the initial phase. However, pre-basic seed potatoes were produced in Nepal since 1989/90, production of the basic seed has been relatively low, despite the government's lucrative subsidy on the price of pre-basic seed. There have been very limited studies on the production and economics of potato-basic seed under contract farming. This study examines the cost of production, resources use efficiency, return to scale, and various problem associated with the production of basic seed under contract farming in Kavrepalanchok, Nepal. The authors used the Cobb Douglas production function to explore the technological relationship between inputs and outputs. As well as to estimate and analyze the return to scale. They used a scaling technique to construct an index for prioritizing the problems of potato seed production under contract farming as per farmers' perception. The authors found the cost of basic-potato seed production per 500m² areas under contract farming as Rs. 99129.0064. The high cost of production is due to the higher cost of pre-basic seed. They found the gross return from seed production as Rs. 171547.2 per 500m² areas and the Benefit-cost ratio as 1.72. Similarly, they found positive regression coefficients for seed cost and organic manure which is significant at 1% level and negative regression coefficients for human labor which is significant at 5% level. They observed the overutilization of inputs in potato seed production under contracting farming, which was primarily due to the restrictions impeached by the contract agencies on the contract farmers. The authors found that unavailability of pre-basic seed in required quantity as the major problem faced by the farmers of the study area. A comparative study of the seed production with contract and without a contract, may illustrate the better scenario of the study area. Only a few studies have examined the economics of seed production under contract farming in developing countries. The authors’ findings suggest that productivity and profitability can be maximized if a proper allocation of the resources and existing problems of irrigation, insect.
Abstract: In Nepal, potato basic seed production under contract farming is at the initial phase. However, pre-basic seed potatoes were produced in Nepal since 1989/90, production of the basic seed has been relatively low, despite the government's lucrative subsidy on the price of pre-basic seed. There have been very limited studies on the production and econ...
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Technical Efficiency of Smallholder Wheat Farmers: The Case of Qu Zhou County of China
Derara Sori Feyisa,
Xiaoqiang Jiao,
Dagne Mojo
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2022
Pages:
11-19
Received:
30 November 2021
Accepted:
14 December 2021
Published:
25 January 2022
Abstract: Wheat is among the main crop produced next to rice and maize, in China. In wheat production, miracle achievement has been achieved, in the last several decades. However, the current production of wheat does not sufficiently meet its demand to the expected level. The yield is still low though improved agricultural technologies have been used by the farmers. As the productivity of wheat is not just determined by technological innovation alone but also by the efficiency with which available technologies are used, this study aims to estimate the technical efficiency of wheat producers and to identify the sources of its variation in the Qu Zhou County of China. A single-step stochastic frontier production model is used to analyze the data collected from the respondents through personal interviews. The result shows that the mean technical efficiency of wheat producers is 96 percent, indicating that, farmers have produced 4 percent less than the maximum output that can be produced. This shows that there is room for efficiency improvement and output can be maximized by 4 percent using the existing wheat production technologies without changing. The findings also show that agricultural inputs, in particular, fertilizer and insecticide have negative and significant effects on the wheat yield at 1 and 5 percent significance levels, respectively. This means increases in the amount of these inputs could lead to a reduction in wheat outputs. Conversely, a farm size allocated for wheat production has a positive and significant effect on wheat yield at a 10 percent significance level. Socioeconomic factors, such as education level, farming experience, seed cost, and soil fertility status are also observed sources of inefficiency in the study area. In general, the study has indicated that disparity between actual and potential yield is not a chance alone, but due to inefficiencies among the producers. Therefore, it is possible to make practical and effective interventions by focusing on factors that affect the technical efficiency of the wheat producer in Qu Zhou County.
Abstract: Wheat is among the main crop produced next to rice and maize, in China. In wheat production, miracle achievement has been achieved, in the last several decades. However, the current production of wheat does not sufficiently meet its demand to the expected level. The yield is still low though improved agricultural technologies have been used by the ...
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A Multinomial Logit Approach to Smallholder Milk Marketing Channels for Improved Competitiveness in the Kenyan Dairy Value Chain
Wadeya Lennox Ongwech,
Otiende Millicent Adhiambo,
Christopher Obel-Gor
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2022
Pages:
20-28
Received:
11 September 2021
Accepted:
8 October 2021
Published:
9 February 2022
Abstract: Selection of appropriate markets is a major challenge facing smallholder dairy farmers in Kenya. This study therefore sought to understand factors influencing milk marketing channel choices among smallholder dairy farmers in Kinangop Sub County. Data from a sample of 230 smallholder dairy farmers was collected using structured questionnaires and analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The study identified three marketing channels namely; milk processors (46.09) %, milk bars (32.61) % and direct sales (21.3) %. Similarly, years of schooling (p≤0.1), on-farm income (p≤0.1) and milk output (p≤0.01) were statistically significantly different across the three marketing channels. The average farm gate price was kes 32.6 per litre. From the multinomial logistic regression, marital status, extension access, association membership, mode of payment and transport ownership significantly influenced marketing channels. Further results showed that majority (53.48) % of farmers never had access to market information. The study therefore recommended policies geared towards enhancing more years of formal education and market intelligence so as to facilitate selection of appropriate marketing channels, more training on dairy husbandry practices with the aim of increasing milk output, facilitate access to transport facilities so as to enhance milk delivery to milk collection centres and a review of payment arrangements between milk processors and farmers so as to avoid the problem of delayed payments to farmers.
Abstract: Selection of appropriate markets is a major challenge facing smallholder dairy farmers in Kenya. This study therefore sought to understand factors influencing milk marketing channel choices among smallholder dairy farmers in Kinangop Sub County. Data from a sample of 230 smallholder dairy farmers was collected using structured questionnaires and an...
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Contribution of Sesame Production to the Livelihood of Farmers in Dutsin-Ma Local Government Area, Katsina State, Nigeria
Musa Junaidu,
Beli Sanusi Abdullahi,
Umoru Gunu Ibrahim,
Benson Dumka Nekabari
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2022
Pages:
29-35
Received:
25 August 2021
Accepted:
24 September 2021
Published:
16 February 2022
Abstract: Sesame production is an important enterprise that could boost incomes of its producers, thereby improving their livelihoods. It has been one of the cash crops produced in Nigeria, mostly by small scale farmers in order to acquire income for taking care of their families. In Katsina State, sesame is considered as one of the commercial crops for local and international markets. Thus, assessment of sesame contribution to the livelihood improvement of the farmers is vital. This could help to pay more attention to its production and utlisation. Data collected from 100 farmers were used to assess contribution of sesame production to the livelihood of farmers in Dutsin-Ma Local Government Area. Descriptive Statistics and Farm Budgeting Techniques were used to analyze the data. The net farm income (₦124,665.92/ha) obtained from the enterprise helped to improve farmers’ livelihood assets; sesame contributed 36.80% to each livelihood asset acquired by the farmers. Education, Housing, transportation, communication and livestock were among the assets that had greatly improved. It was noticed that the farmers were not gaining the optimum benefits associated with the enterprise; they were not processing sesame for oil extraction and soap making, which deprived them from accessing numerous other benefits. Farmers should organize themselves into strong cooperative societies to enable them access government and non-governmental loans and assistance packages. Governments and Non-Governmental Organizations should help to enlightened and trained the farmers on how to further process and market sesame products.
Abstract: Sesame production is an important enterprise that could boost incomes of its producers, thereby improving their livelihoods. It has been one of the cash crops produced in Nigeria, mostly by small scale farmers in order to acquire income for taking care of their families. In Katsina State, sesame is considered as one of the commercial crops for loca...
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Economic Efficiency of Organic Farming Adoption by Cocoa Farmers in Southwest, Nigeria
Lydia Ogunya,
Akeem Tijani
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2022
Pages:
36-48
Received:
1 December 2021
Accepted:
20 December 2021
Published:
25 February 2022
Abstract: The study was carried out in southwest, Nigeria. The main objective of the study was to determine the level and efficiency of organic farming technology among cocoa farmers in southwest Nigeria. The study ascertained the level of organic farming adoption among cocoa farmers; determined the technical, allocative and economic efficiencies. These were with a view to determining the profitability and efficiencies of organic cocoa farming in Southwest, Nigeria. Primary data were collected from 300 organic cocoa farmers in the study area through multi-stage sampling technique. The data obtained included socio-economic characteristics, level of adoption as well as efficiencies of organic cocoa farmers. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, technology adoption index and endogeneity corrected stochastic frontier production function. Results from descriptive analysis showed that the average age of organic cocoa farmers was 52±14.02 years while the average years of schooling was 10±8.72 years. Majority of the farmers were married (85.7%) with average farming experience of 4 years. The results showed that farmers adopted 4 out of 12 organic cocoa farming practices, 39% of organic cocoa farmers were full adopters while 61% were partial adopters. The overall estimated technical, allocative and economic efficiencies for the organic cocoa farmers ranged from a minimum of 0.13, 0.20, and 0.17 to a maximum of 0.94, 0.96 and 0.94 respectively. However, the estimated technical, allocative and economic efficiencies for full adopters ranged from a minimum of 0.44, 0.47 and 0.49 to a maximum of 0.94, 0.96 and 0.94 while partial adopters ranged from 0.13, 0.20 and 0.17 to maximum of 0.92, 0.90 and 0.90 at (p<0.01) respectively. The study concluded that efficiency of organic cocoa farmers was influenced by use of organic fertilizer, frequency of weeding and labour in man-days.
Abstract: The study was carried out in southwest, Nigeria. The main objective of the study was to determine the level and efficiency of organic farming technology among cocoa farmers in southwest Nigeria. The study ascertained the level of organic farming adoption among cocoa farmers; determined the technical, allocative and economic efficiencies. These were...
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Determinants of Small Scale Irrigation Utilization by Smallholder Farmers: The Case of Misrak Azernet Berbere Woreda, Southern Ethiopia
Seifu Kemal,
Endrias Geta,
Berhanu Nega
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2022
Pages:
49-60
Received:
4 January 2022
Accepted:
11 February 2022
Published:
25 February 2022
Abstract: In countries like Ethiopia where wide spread poverty, food insecurity, low farm productivity and degraded natural resources are key problems, the need to use irrigation water in agricultural system is very crucial. The purpose of this study was to identify the determinants of utilization of small scale irrigation by smallholder farmers in Misrak Azernet Berbere woreda of Southern Ethiopia. A two stage sampling technique was applied to select sample rural Kebele administrations and households. The study was based on the data obtained from 177 sample households from two rural Kebele of the woreda through cross-sectional survey during 2017 production year. The study used both descriptive statistics and econometric model to analyze the data. Tobit model was used for identifying factors that influence utilization and intensity of utilization of small scale irrigation. The result of the model showed that sex of household head, age of household head, education level of household head, total annual income, access to information and access to extension services had significantly and positively influenced utilization and intensity of utilization of small scale irrigation while distance from residence to water source had significantly and negatively influenced utilization and intensity of utilization of small scale irrigation. The finding of the study suggests that the government and stakeholders should give emphasis to strengthening the existing extension service, strengthening the provision of formal and informal education, increasing farmers’ income, promoting and empowering females, provision of information about agricultural technologies and construction of small scale irrigation canals to improve small scale irrigation utilization in the study area.
Abstract: In countries like Ethiopia where wide spread poverty, food insecurity, low farm productivity and degraded natural resources are key problems, the need to use irrigation water in agricultural system is very crucial. The purpose of this study was to identify the determinants of utilization of small scale irrigation by smallholder farmers in Misrak Az...
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