-
Code-Switching in Sermon Interpreting: The Case of English and Tshivenḓa
Ofhani Israel Tshovhewaho
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
81-89
Received:
11 May 2023
Accepted:
31 May 2023
Published:
24 July 2023
Abstract: Studies in code-switching (CS) during sermon deliveries, have been approached from various angles involving many language combinations, however, minimum literature is present on combinations involving English and Tshivenda. This study investigates this phenomenon which occurs often in churches where sermons are interpreted from English to Tshivenda and vice-versa. Following a sociolinguistic framework, it seeks to understand reasons for code-switching by pastors in selected recorded sermons. This study is conducted from the speech accommodation theory which posits that speakers adjust their speech styles to express their attitudes and intentions towards other interlocutors. Literature presents general reasons for code-switching: lack of facility, lack of register, to emphasize a point, to show identity with the group, to address a different audience, to attract attention, for pragmatic reasons, mood of the speaker, habitual experience, and semantic significance. For this study, two audio sermons, one involving a regular but untrained interpreter and another, involving a novice interpreter, were transcribed. Data was analyzed for code-switching elements observed and a determination made for possible reasons for code-switching linked to each utterance. Conversation analysis, an approach that investigates the sequential organization of talk to gain understanding of how participants organize talks in social interaction, was used to analyze data. The study found that pastors code-switch more than interpreters as they try to emphasise, clarify and explain certain points. Interpreters’ linguistic challenges forces the preachers into code-switching when the former omitted portions of utterances, uttered unfinished statements, and gave inaccurate approximate interpretations. These compelled the bilingual preachers to code-switch in the quest to assist the interpreters.
Abstract: Studies in code-switching (CS) during sermon deliveries, have been approached from various angles involving many language combinations, however, minimum literature is present on combinations involving English and Tshivenda. This study investigates this phenomenon which occurs often in churches where sermons are interpreted from English to Tshivenda...
Show More
-
Functional Semantics of English Reduplicative Elements
Rakhimova Guzal Yuldashovna
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
90-92
Received:
29 December 2022
Accepted:
20 January 2023
Published:
5 August 2023
Abstract: This article is about the linguistic theories that reflect the etymological, functional, semantic, cognitive and comparative analysis of the existing reduplicative elements in the English and Uzbek languages. The presence of reduplicative elements in the English language in various fields of linguistics is shown. The tasks of research is to study the linguistic features of reduplication in modern English and Uzbek, including the emergence of reduplicative words, the process of creating a grammatical form, as well as structural-semantic peculiarities; to describe the lexical-semantic features and functions of reduplication in the text in the context of speech activity; comparative clarification of linguistic and pragmatic factors in the connection of word-formation elements by analyzing the internal linguistic features of reduplicative words in each of the compared languages; to divide repeated words expressing different semantic meanings into lexical-semantic groups; determining inter-linguistically compatible and different models of reduplicative semantic units in English and Uzbek languages; studying the morph-phonological structure of reduplicative units in comparable languages. It has been demonstrated that reduplication plays an important role in the development of Uzbek and English lexicons based on internal capabilities. It has been convincingly established that the phenomenon of reduplication is one of the active linguistic processes at the current stage of development of these languages, according to the classification of reduplicative words in the English and Uzbek languages based on lexical categories. Based on the further achievements of world linguistics, the system of formation of reduplication in the English and Uzbek languages, the structural-semantic nature of the repetition, and the types and models of reduplicative words have been explained in detail.
Abstract: This article is about the linguistic theories that reflect the etymological, functional, semantic, cognitive and comparative analysis of the existing reduplicative elements in the English and Uzbek languages. The presence of reduplicative elements in the English language in various fields of linguistics is shown. The tasks of research is to study t...
Show More
-
Theory of Grammar Translation Method in English Language Teaching
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
93-99
Received:
28 January 2023
Accepted:
14 July 2023
Published:
10 August 2023
Abstract: In English language teaching methodologies, they are very crucial elements to make teaching learning more effective. They were started by different scholars hundred years before due to the time and the importance of them. Thus, they were made due to the difference of one method over the others and selections were made relay on the contents taught in the classroom and the situation where the teachers and students were. And it is believed that there are no absolute methodologies available everywhere and they all are important based up on the contents to be taught. However, it was considered as traditional methods of teaching that was not important for methods of teaching and didn’t have any collocations with others methods. Hence, grammar translation method is one of the methods used before those all method and it is considered as traditional or classical method because of the reason that its focus is on teaching Latin and Greek language. The fail of this method open chances for the others methods and currently it is one of the methods used intact with all methods. In nut shell, this paper gives information of the grammar translation method different from the others method uniquely and might give adequate ideas on the bases of teaching and learning context. Hence, every contents of this paper will give subsequent ideas about the theory of grammar translation method in language teaching.
Abstract: In English language teaching methodologies, they are very crucial elements to make teaching learning more effective. They were started by different scholars hundred years before due to the time and the importance of them. Thus, they were made due to the difference of one method over the others and selections were made relay on the contents taught i...
Show More
-
Research Article
The Chinese Classics and Three Chinese Assistants to James Legge—Wang Tao, Hong Rengan and Huang Sheng
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
100-105
Received:
7 September 2023
Accepted:
21 September 2023
Published:
27 September 2023
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijalt.20230903.14
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The Chinese Classics was not only the culmination of James Legge’s own years of sinological research, but also the result of his collaborative research and translations with Chinese assistants Wang Tao (1828-1897), Hong Rengan (1822-1864), and Huang Sheng (Wong Shing, 1827-1902). The three Chinese assistants differed from each other in terms of their reasons and motives for assisting James in translation, their own mastery of the Confucian classics, and their attitudes toward and needs for Western learning. Wang Tao is James Legge’s most competent assistant, who was familiar with the Chinese canon and who took volumes of translation notes. Wang Tao was a close personal friend of James Legge and they shared similar academic interests and worked well together. Hong Rengan’s knowledge of Christianity and familiarity with the Confucian classics enabled him to perform well in his duties as a missionary assistant and Chinese language teacher well in Hong Kong. He studied Western politics, economics, history and geography etc., in order to develop his career in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. As for his mastery of the English language and publishing, Huang Sheng made a special contribution to the dissemination of the Chinese Classics. In the nineteenth century, Chinese scholars and Western missionaries jointly undertook the mission of spreading Western learning from the East to the West in the context of the cultural collision between the East and the West. This paper attempts to present the roles of the Chinese assistants who helped James Legge translate the Chinese Classics, so as to provide a reference for presenting the real picture of Sino-foreign cultural exchanges in the mid- and late nineteenth century.
Abstract: The Chinese Classics was not only the culmination of James Legge’s own years of sinological research, but also the result of his collaborative research and translations with Chinese assistants Wang Tao (1828-1897), Hong Rengan (1822-1864), and Huang Sheng (Wong Shing, 1827-1902). The three Chinese assistants differed from each other in terms of the...
Show More
