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Understanding Solid Waste Management Practices in Developing Countries: From Waste Disposal to Recovery of Resources
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2020
Pages:
39-43
Received:
8 July 2019
Accepted:
6 August 2019
Published:
28 May 2020
Abstract: This paper sought to compare the three methods of waste management in developing countries and identify the most economical option. Structured questionnaires were administered to three city councils in Sierra Leone with respect to landfills, composting and incineration as waste disposal methods. On-the-sport observation and personal interviews were also used to collect some useful data. The data was analyzed by using SPSS packages. The results showed that Landfills are the most common way of disposal in developing countries but they have not been successful in countries like Sierra Leone due to limited time frame of usage. Composting eliminates methane production, and increase life expectancy of landfills. Incineration does not necessarily replace landfilling but it significantly reduces the necessary volume of disposal. The study concludes that none of these three methods is free from problems. Therefore the study recommends that developing countries should adopt resource recovery, the most economical and best possible option to reduce the waste disposal problem keeping in mind the cost effects on the respective governments.
Abstract: This paper sought to compare the three methods of waste management in developing countries and identify the most economical option. Structured questionnaires were administered to three city councils in Sierra Leone with respect to landfills, composting and incineration as waste disposal methods. On-the-sport observation and personal interviews were...
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Effect of Integrated Soil and Water Conservation Practices on Vegetation Cover Change and Soil Loss Reduction in Southern Ethiopia
Dessale Wasie,
Fantaw Yimer,
Shiferaw Alem
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2020
Pages:
44-50
Received:
15 January 2020
Accepted:
4 March 2020
Published:
3 June 2020
Abstract: Soil erosion is a major challenge in sustaining agricultural production. Area closure with tree planting and physical conservation measures, implemented by various land rehabilitation programs is one of the best options to address the soil erosion problem. This study was conducted to assess the effect of integrated soil and water conservation (SWC) practices on woody vegetation rehabilitation and soil erosion reduction in Hawassa Zuriya Woreda, Southern Ethiopia. Vegetation cover type classification and delineation were completed for each land management category (closure area with SWC, closure area without SWC and open grazing area) in the field. RUSLE model integrated with a GIS environment was used to estimate the annual soil losses. Results showed that SWC practices were increased forest, shrub and grass coverage, and reduced bare land surface coverage. The average C (p=0.02) and P values (p=0.04), and annual soil erosion rate were significantly lower in closure with SWC (p=0.0001) compared to the value without SWC and open grazing land. Thus, the average annual soil erosion rate was reduced below a tolerable (< 1 t/ha/yr.) level by SWC practices. The overall results confirmed that integrated soil and water conservation practices reduced soil erosion rates and improved woody species diversity. Therefore, area closure integrated with SWC practices is the best option to improve the biophysical condition of degraded lands.
Abstract: Soil erosion is a major challenge in sustaining agricultural production. Area closure with tree planting and physical conservation measures, implemented by various land rehabilitation programs is one of the best options to address the soil erosion problem. This study was conducted to assess the effect of integrated soil and water conservation (SWC)...
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Traditional Ecological Knowledge of Shifting Agriculture of Bulang People in Yunnan, China
Lun Yin,
Misiani Zachary,
Yanyan Zheng,
Xiaohan Zhang,
Antonine Sakwa
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2020
Pages:
51-58
Received:
3 May 2020
Accepted:
26 May 2020
Published:
8 June 2020
Abstract: Land-use and land-cover changes directly impact biological diversity, and may cause land degradation by altering ecosystem services and livelihood support systems, thereby disrupting the socio-cultural practices and institutions associated with managing those biophysical systems. The most important is the gradual disappearance of human’s traditional ecological knowledge and cultural diversity. Xishuangbanna is one of regions that have the richest biodiversity and cultural diversity in the world. In recent years, academic scholars, government departments at different levels and media have increasingly paid close attention on the relationship between rubber cultivation and biodiversity in Xishuangbanna. However, such attention on the relationship between rubber plantation and cultural diversity is few. Conclusively, social and cultural practice on natural resource management carried out by local people and relevant institutions are greatly changing in the context of implementing rubber plantation. During this process, traditional ecological knowledge is also experiencing changes. The paper will elaborate impacts from the rubber plantation on Bulang society in Xishuangbanna, explore changes on local subsistence, social and cultural practice and relevant institutions, and further analyze relationships between the rubber plantation, cultural diversity and traditional ecological knowledge, and threats and challenges faced by Bulang people. Through the case study of Bulang people, we see that the traditional ecological knowledge not only includes natural resource management and genetic resource protection, but also recognition of ethnical identities and heritage of biological and cultural diversity.
Abstract: Land-use and land-cover changes directly impact biological diversity, and may cause land degradation by altering ecosystem services and livelihood support systems, thereby disrupting the socio-cultural practices and institutions associated with managing those biophysical systems. The most important is the gradual disappearance of human’s traditiona...
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Bioaugmentation Strategy for Treatment of Sulfur Black Wastewater Through Sequential Fenton Oxidation and Biological Process by Two Sulfide-oxidizing Strains
Suyu Liu,
Peng Yin,
Yu Zhang,
Xingke Wu,
Zhiqiang Cai
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2020
Pages:
59-66
Received:
27 April 2020
Accepted:
4 June 2020
Published:
17 June 2020
Abstract: In order to develop an affective bioaugmentation strategy for the removal of sulfur black and increase sulfide-oxidization capability in biological treatment, bioaugmentation strains with higher sulfide-oxidizing capability, Acinetobacter sp. DS-9 and Aspergillus sp. DS-28, were isolated from a municipal wastewater (WW) treatment plant and selected to treat textile sulfur dyeing WW combined with Fenton oxidation. The sequential WW treatment process was evaluated in a bench-scale activated sludge tank. The performance of the bioreactor demonstrated the feasibility of bioaugmentation by strain DS-9 and DS-28 in terms of almost sulfur black removal, COD and color removal, significant sulfide removal in activated sludge. The effect of Fenton oxidation process, additional carbon source, bioaugmentation strains composition etc. was investigated. The bioaugmented process after Fenton oxidation and inoculation of DS-9 and DS-28 could maintain stable performance in terms of COD, color and sulfur removal from the WW. The capability of color and COD removal by bioaugmentation strains were greater than that by the original activated sludge from WW treatment plant. Sulfate concentration increased significantly from 140.5 to 485 mg L-1. The outlet color and COD value reach 5 and 46.52 mg L-1 after the sequential Fenton oxidation and bioaugmentation treatment.
Abstract: In order to develop an affective bioaugmentation strategy for the removal of sulfur black and increase sulfide-oxidization capability in biological treatment, bioaugmentation strains with higher sulfide-oxidizing capability, Acinetobacter sp. DS-9 and Aspergillus sp. DS-28, were isolated from a municipal wastewater (WW) treatment plant and selected...
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Challenges of Local Government, Environmental Justice, Sustainable Development: The Case of Qellem Wollega Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2020
Pages:
67-76
Received:
19 August 2019
Accepted:
27 May 2020
Published:
28 June 2020
Abstract: Currently, environment related problem is becoming a burning issue for every individuals and group of people living in the globe irrespective of our background as we have only one world that can’t be replaced by another one. We don’t have a reserve world therefore the only chance that we have is conserving it. Therefore, different scholars today have taken up to come across possible remedies as the issue is multidisciplinary in its nature. This problem is also visible in Ethiopian society at local level. One way of tackling environmental problem is giving attention to the impacts of environmental injustice on sustainable development. Therefore, this research tries to assess challenges of local government in storing up environmental justice to realize sustainable development. The main finding of this research is that the local government has less contribution in storing up environmental justice to realize sustainable development in the given areas. There is no enough awareness creation from government side regarding resettlement policy in a way that the re-settlers are not friendly treating their environment. Re-settlers are doing injustice on old settlers, future generations, living and non-living things, and on themselves since they have over-exploited natural resources in concerned areas. I used both primary and secondary datum to carry out this research. I suggest that concerned government bodies, civil societies or non-governments organizations should play their part to alleviate the problems.
Abstract: Currently, environment related problem is becoming a burning issue for every individuals and group of people living in the globe irrespective of our background as we have only one world that can’t be replaced by another one. We don’t have a reserve world therefore the only chance that we have is conserving it. Therefore, different scholars today ha...
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