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Above- and Below-Ground Reserved Carbon in Danaba Community Forest of Oromia Region, Ethiopia: Implications for CO2 Emission Balance
Muluken Nega Bazezew,
Teshome Soromessa,
Eyale Bayable
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2015
Pages:
75-82
Received:
29 January 2015
Accepted:
11 February 2015
Published:
16 February 2015
Abstract: Forests can capture and retain enormous amount of carbon over long periods of time. Their role in carbon emission balance is also well documented. However, especially in developing country wide spread deforestation and forest degradation is continuing unknowingly and deliberately. This study was conducted to estimate CO2 mitigation capacity of the dry Afromontane forest of Danaba found in Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia. A systematic sampling method through Global Positioning System (GPS) was used to identify each sampling point. Results revealed that the total mean carbon density of the CF was 507.29 (1861.75 CO2 equivalents) t•ha-1 whereas trees share 319.43 (1172.31 CO2 equivalents) t•ha-1, undergrowth shrubs 0.40 (1.47 CO2 equivalents) t•ha-1, litter, herbs and grasses (LHGs) 1.06 (3.89 CO2 equivalents) t•ha-1 and soil organic carbon (SOC) 186.40 (684.09 CO2 equivalents) t•ha-1 (up to 30 cm depth). The ultimate result implies that Danaba CF is a reservoir of high atmospheric CO2. To enhance sustainability of the forest potentiality, the carbon sequestration should be integrated with Reduced Emission from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) and Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) carbon trading system of the Kyoto Protocol to get monetary benefit of CO2 mitigation.
Abstract: Forests can capture and retain enormous amount of carbon over long periods of time. Their role in carbon emission balance is also well documented. However, especially in developing country wide spread deforestation and forest degradation is continuing unknowingly and deliberately. This study was conducted to estimate CO2 mitigation capacity of the ...
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Effect of Coffee Processing Plant Effluent on the Physicochemical Properties of Receiving Water Bodies, Jimma Zone Ethiopia
Dejen Yemane Tekle,
Abebe Beyene Hailu,
Taffere Addis Wassie,
Azeb Gebresilassie Tesema
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2015
Pages:
83-90
Received:
10 December 2014
Accepted:
18 December 2014
Published:
25 February 2015
Abstract: Although the coffee wastewater emanating from the traditional coffee processing plants in Jimma zone is a valuable resource, it is disposed off to the nearby water course without any treatment. As a result, it becomes a severe threat to the aquatic ecosystem and downstream users. To tackle this problem, understanding the nature of the coffee processing wastewater is fundamental for the design and operation of appropriate and effective treatment technologies. Thus, the main objective of this study was to assess the effect of coffee processing plant effluent on the physicochemical properties of receiving water bodies of Jimma zone Ethiopia. Based on the results of the physicochemical parameters, it was proved that the coffee effluent has a remarkable polluting potential during the wet coffee-processing season. The concentrations of the physicochemical parameters were significantly (p<0.05) increased following effluent discharge except TSS and temperature, when downstream or impacted (L) compared with upstream or non-impacted (U) sites. If business-as-usual scenario is followed, the economic gains accrued as a result of coffee export will be worthless due to the alarming water quality degradation and aquatic ecosystem disturbance. Therefore, urgent intervention in the area of coffee factory for effluent management options should be dealt with top priority to avoid further needless damage to the environment.
Abstract: Although the coffee wastewater emanating from the traditional coffee processing plants in Jimma zone is a valuable resource, it is disposed off to the nearby water course without any treatment. As a result, it becomes a severe threat to the aquatic ecosystem and downstream users. To tackle this problem, understanding the nature of the coffee proces...
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Analysis of Production, Transport and Lifecycle of Pellets
Ricardo Díaz Martín,
Gaston Sanglier Contreras,
Adib Guardiola Mouhaffel
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2015
Pages:
91-94
Received:
22 January 2015
Accepted:
2 February 2015
Published:
3 March 2015
Abstract: The forestry production industry in the province of Galicia, represents one of the most available areas of biomass production in Spain. The aim of this study is determine the carbon footprint score in forestry production and processing of pellets for subsequent transportation to a community with little locally available biomass. The methodology proposed for processing forestry production and consumption, taking actual data, actual emissions in the area of Pontevedra, and considering fundamental aspects from the environmental point of view provides the most accuracy. The performance of machinery and consumption in the forestry process, as well as distance to be covered, ultimately give us the impact of the carbon footprint for comparison with predetermined targets in emissions savings.
Abstract: The forestry production industry in the province of Galicia, represents one of the most available areas of biomass production in Spain. The aim of this study is determine the carbon footprint score in forestry production and processing of pellets for subsequent transportation to a community with little locally available biomass. The methodology pro...
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Description of Two-Peak Characteristics in Power Engineering
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2015
Pages:
95-100
Received:
24 January 2015
Accepted:
9 February 2015
Published:
3 March 2015
Abstract: Many branches of Power Engineering have the same problems with signal processing. However they can be solved by a general approach. One of these problems is the complexity of signal description with the inertial change (without sharp peaks and dips), but the signal is a complex shape without symmetry and poorly responds to the cycling laws. Also offered, if it is necessary, to use the segmentation of the original signal with further Multiresolutional analysis. As a result, it is possible to make the selection with the most informative wavelet coefficients which can significantly reduce the quantity of the original data set with accuracy within acceptable limits.
Abstract: Many branches of Power Engineering have the same problems with signal processing. However they can be solved by a general approach. One of these problems is the complexity of signal description with the inertial change (without sharp peaks and dips), but the signal is a complex shape without symmetry and poorly responds to the cycling laws. Also of...
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Use of Information Technology in Emergency and Disaster Management
Biswajit Mukhopadhyay,
Buddhadev Bhattacherjee
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2015
Pages:
101-104
Received:
21 November 2014
Accepted:
1 February 2015
Published:
3 March 2015
Abstract: Disaster management being a key part of emergency management encompasses wide range activities. Emergency management programme are developed and implemented through the analysis and information. The majority of information is spatial and can be mapped. GIS allows emergency management to identify onset of any disaster. For this data has to be gathered organized and displayed logically to determine the size and scope of emergency management so that appropriate steps can be taken in case any disaster.
Abstract: Disaster management being a key part of emergency management encompasses wide range activities. Emergency management programme are developed and implemented through the analysis and information. The majority of information is spatial and can be mapped. GIS allows emergency management to identify onset of any disaster. For this data has to be gather...
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Preconcentration and Determination of Traces of Heavy Metals with Polymer Chelating Sorbents in the Analysis of Natural and Waste Water
Abdunnaser Mohamed Etorki,
Ibrahim Salem Shaban
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2015
Pages:
105-109
Received:
4 March 2015
Accepted:
16 March 2015
Published:
31 March 2015
Abstract: Monitoring the concentrations of heavy metals in natural and waste water at and below the level of their maximum permissible concentrations is an urgent environmental problem. Hence, new procedures for the preconcentration of heavy metals with their subsequent determination by different methods are required. Along with other sorbents, significant attention is attracted to polymer chelating sorbents, which provide individual or group extraction of trace elements, eliminate matrix effects, and provide high concentration factors. The effect of the various parameters such as electrochemically and chemically synthesis methods, physical oxidation state of the polymer, polymer thickness, solution pH and metal ion concentration on the adsorption, kinetics and efficiency were investigated. The results showed a vary broad concentration range of the heavy metals from (0.05 to 10 mg/L) can be adsorbed on different kinds of polymers at different pH values and different efficiently. The adsorption capacity of the polymer to different concentrations of heavy metals was evaluated as the milligram of metal ions by one gram of various forms of the polymer. The DC conductivity measurements were also employed on the solid polymer before and after adsorption of metal ions. The experimental adsorption date was fitted to different mathematical isotherms to estimate the binding constant of heavy metals with the polymer in both single and mixed ion solutions. The method provides the extraction of analytes from natural water of complex composition containing high concentrations of alkali, alkaline-earth and other elements and is characterized by rapidly, selectivity, low detection limits, and a high reproducibility of the results. The relative standard deviation is 2-4%. The technique was test with real waste water samples.
Abstract: Monitoring the concentrations of heavy metals in natural and waste water at and below the level of their maximum permissible concentrations is an urgent environmental problem. Hence, new procedures for the preconcentration of heavy metals with their subsequent determination by different methods are required. Along with other sorbents, significant a...
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