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Chronological History and Destruction Pattern of Tornados in Bangladesh
Md. Shahadat Hosen,
Abu Jubayer
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, August 2016
Pages:
71-81
Received:
1 May 2016
Accepted:
27 May 2016
Published:
18 June 2016
Abstract: Bangladesh has been facing the severe tornado incidents from the historical ages due to its geographical location. In recent years, it becomes more frequent; even hit the land more than six times in a year. The study has been conducted based on critical review and analysis of secondary data. This review paper has been carried out to recognize the chronology and frequency within a certain period of time to identify the destruction pattern of tornadoes in the country. From 1865-2014 the country has been faced more than 250 tornadoes reported, in which 20 events or more were enormously deadliest in fatalities and damages in the world history. Within these, 116 events has been recorded minimum 01 life lose. The recounted data figured out these events causes more than 9667 no. of human lives lost, injured 74702 and affected another 586306 lives of human. The regularity of tornado increases last few decades, basically after 1960. Sequential development of human civilization with global warming inspires the amount of warm and dry air is that responsible for tornado occurrence. During the tornado, the heavy rainfall is formed for moist weather which contains huge water drops. Sudden large runoff pollutes the existing local water system and the crop lands in the affected area. Improved weather forecasting, warning system, tornado risk zoning maps and ensuring proper building code for infrastructure may help to reduce the losses.
Abstract: Bangladesh has been facing the severe tornado incidents from the historical ages due to its geographical location. In recent years, it becomes more frequent; even hit the land more than six times in a year. The study has been conducted based on critical review and analysis of secondary data. This review paper has been carried out to recognize the c...
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Development for Sustainable Construction System Glass Fiber Reinforced Gypsum (GFRG) in Egypt Using Nanotechnology
Mohamed Said Meselhy ElSaeed
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, August 2016
Pages:
82-89
Received:
7 June 2016
Accepted:
18 June 2016
Published:
30 June 2016
Abstract: One of the mile stones for the success of construction projects is the project management triangle (time, cost and quality). During the past decade, a lot of construction systems have been developed to this triangle. GFRG system was one of these systems (for example that was established in Australia), it fulfilled LEED certificate for construction materials. When it is compared with traditional systems in Egypt, Glass Fiber Reinforced Gypsum (GFRG) system superior to traditional systems in time, cost in case of repetitive projects and quality. The world awareness for sustainability have increased lately in different aspects, thermal comfort is one of the main sustainable aspects that influence users. This paper aims to study thermal comfort for GFRG system in Egypt and comparing with traditional systems, it also aims to study the nanotechnology to develop this construction material in order to increase thermal comfort performance.
Abstract: One of the mile stones for the success of construction projects is the project management triangle (time, cost and quality). During the past decade, a lot of construction systems have been developed to this triangle. GFRG system was one of these systems (for example that was established in Australia), it fulfilled LEED certificate for construction ...
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A Review of Nchanga Tailings Dam Operations and Seasonal Assessment of Its Effluent Quality
Ronald Ngulube,
Kennedy Nakena Katundu,
Kenny Nyirenda,
Anthony Siakamba
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, August 2016
Pages:
90-96
Received:
3 June 2016
Accepted:
21 June 2016
Published:
6 July 2016
Abstract: The Nchanga tailings dam, a reservoir of mine waste from Konkola Copper Mines (KCM) operations in Zambia, discharges its effluent into the local Muntimpa stream. The Muntimpa stream, a possible source of drinking and domestic water for the local population, flows into Mwambashi stream which subsequently discharges into Kafue river. The Kafue river is a significant support of economic development in Zambia and is a source of 40% of drinking water for the cities with about 50% of the population living in the catchment. This study looks at an overview of the operations of Nchanga tailings dam and assesses the levels of pH, TSS, TDS, Cu, Mn, Co and SO4 in the effluent discharged in rainy and dry seasons. It also provides possible methods that could be used to lower pollutant levels to below recommended Zambia Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA) limits. To determine the pollutant concentrations, sixty (60) samples were collected from the tailings dam spillway in rainy season (April) and dry season (October) of 2015 and analysed on a daily basis. The results indicated that the average pH, TSS and Cu levels in the samples from both wet and dry seasons were within the permissible range of 6.0-9.0, below 100 mg/l and 1.0 mg/l respectively. The TDS average figure (2658±331 mg/l) recorded in April was less than the allowable limit while significantly higher value (4783±86.6 mg/l) was obtained in October. The concentrations of Mn and Co were significantly high and above ZEMA limits with mean values of 79±22.1 mg/l and 11±5.9 mg/l for rainy season and 189±19.2 mg/l and 19±1.3 mg/l for dry season respectively. The SO4 content was observed to be high in both seasons with average figures of 2071±240 mg/l in April and 3628±261 mg/l in October. It was observed that the levels of all the parameters analysed (with exception of Cu) showed seasonal variations attributed to evaporative effects. To minimise contaminants levels in the effluent, it is recommended that the discharged effluent should be restricted in dry season until the levels of dissolved pollutants are sufficiently low in wet season. Recycling of water from the decantation pond of the tailings impoundment back to the main plant is an effective alternative that would eliminate pollution of water bodies. Other methods that could be employed involve the use of chemical and biological treatment technologies.
Abstract: The Nchanga tailings dam, a reservoir of mine waste from Konkola Copper Mines (KCM) operations in Zambia, discharges its effluent into the local Muntimpa stream. The Muntimpa stream, a possible source of drinking and domestic water for the local population, flows into Mwambashi stream which subsequently discharges into Kafue river. The Kafue river ...
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Elimination Cyanide with Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) and Calcium Hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)2) on Gold Mine Waste from North Luwu, South Sulawesi
Muntasir,
M. Sjahrul,
Muhammad Zakir,
Indah Raya
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, August 2016
Pages:
97-102
Received:
15 June 2016
Accepted:
27 June 2016
Published:
13 July 2016
Abstract: In this study, the elimination of cyanide by the addition of hydrogen peroxide and calcium hypochlorite was investigated. This study was conducted to determine the optimum conditions of H2O2and Ca(OCl) 2: concentration, pH and contact time, and the combined ratio of concentration H2O2 with Ca(OCl) 2 to remove cyanide in gold mining wastewater. Cyanide obtained by steam distillation of wastewater by steam distillation and Barnstead electromantel and assay using 0.02N silver nitrate. The results showed that the cyanide level was 50.22% w/v. The optimum conditions were obtained when the concentration of H2O2 at 500 ppm, pH 8 within 60 minutes contact time and Ca(OCl) 2 concentration was at 500 ppm, pH 8 within 60 minutes contact time. The best cyanide removal was obtained at the concentration ratio of 5:5 amounting to 45.76% w/v.
Abstract: In this study, the elimination of cyanide by the addition of hydrogen peroxide and calcium hypochlorite was investigated. This study was conducted to determine the optimum conditions of H2O2and Ca(OCl) 2: concentration, pH and contact time, and the combined ratio of concentration H2O2 with Ca(OCl) 2 to remove cyanide in gold mining wastewater. Cyan...
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Sulphur Dioxide Adsorption on Nickel Smelting Industry in East Luwu Using a Solution of Hydrogen Peroxide
Agus Dina,
Muhammad Sjahrul,
Muhammad Zakir,
Dadang Ahmad Suriamihardja
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, August 2016
Pages:
103-108
Received:
22 June 2016
Accepted:
4 July 2016
Published:
16 July 2016
Abstract: Research on SO2 gas adsorption from emissions of nickel ore industries plant use coal in the smelting process and the production by using H2O2 as an adsorbent solution. The adsorbent used to reduce the level of SO2 in the air pollution. This study includes the adsorption of SO2 gas of 6 factory chimneys at the nickel ore industry (2 dryers, 2 kilns, and 2 furnaces). The results showed that the percentage ratio of the average absorbance between H2O2 and calcium carbonate in reducing greenhouse gas emissions of SO2 into the air that is 95.00%: 93.34%. As for the rest of SO2 gas unadsorbed fixed meet the quality standards specified (750 mg/m3). Batch adsorption was conducted with respect to concentration of adsorbent, the adsorption temperature, and contact time. It was shown that the optimum concentration of adsorbent was 5%, the adsorption temperature was 20°C, and contact time was 1800 second.
Abstract: Research on SO2 gas adsorption from emissions of nickel ore industries plant use coal in the smelting process and the production by using H2O2 as an adsorbent solution. The adsorbent used to reduce the level of SO2 in the air pollution. This study includes the adsorption of SO2 gas of 6 factory chimneys at the nickel ore industry (2 dryers, 2 kilns...
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