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Potential Impact of Some Soil Borne Fungi on Biodegradation of Some Organophosphorous Nematicides
Tamer M. A. Thabit,
Medhat A. H. El-Naggar
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2014
Pages:
299-304
Received:
4 November 2014
Accepted:
24 November 2014
Published:
27 November 2014
Abstract: Organophosphorous nematicides are highly toxic pesticides used to control nematodes in agriculture soil. An in vitro Biodegradation study was conducted to determine the biodegradability of, ethoprophos, fenamiphos and triazophos nematicides, using fungi strains isolated from sandy agriculture soil under date palm trees. Five fungi strains labeled as S1 (Fusarium oxysporum), S2(Aspergillus flavus), S3 (Aspergillus fumigatus), S4 (Fusarium moniliforme) and S5 (Trichothecium roseum) were isolated and identified, then incubated with nematicides at successive intervals untill 45 days in liquid medium paralleled with control samples. Recovery rates were performed at two levels 0.1 and 1 mg kg-1, values were over 90% for all nematicides. Limit of detection values (LOD) were 0.010, 0.012 and 0.011 mg kg-1 and limit of quantitation values (LOQ) were 0.033, 0.040 and 0.036 mg kg-1 respectively. Data indicated that S1 (Fusarium oxysporum) and S2 (Aspergillus flavus) accelerated the degradation rate of all mentioned nematicise, and S2 had the highest impact more than S1, while the other strains had no significant effect. Half-life values (RL50) for nematicides with S1 were 18.15, 16.65 and 15.24 days, respectively, and with S2 were 10.35, 13.87 and 11.18 days, respectively, while control values were 26.30, 24.28 and 26.70 days, respectively.
Abstract: Organophosphorous nematicides are highly toxic pesticides used to control nematodes in agriculture soil. An in vitro Biodegradation study was conducted to determine the biodegradability of, ethoprophos, fenamiphos and triazophos nematicides, using fungi strains isolated from sandy agriculture soil under date palm trees. Five fungi strains labeled a...
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Street Orientations: The First Step towards a Sustainable Place.
Saad Khudhair Mahmood Al-jumaili
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2014
Pages:
305-317
Received:
17 November 2014
Accepted:
24 November 2014
Published:
16 December 2014
Abstract: In recent times emerged a lot of interests that seek to achieve sustainability in all fields, including the buildings and their relationship to the streets, which requires the organization of the relationship according to the local climate characteristics of each city, there are cities characterized by a warm climate, dry and other cities Hot- wet or cold or desert. These characteristics, must have a clear impact on the urban planning and Urban design in order to create sustainable cities. Main streets planning geographical and directing style plays a big role in achieving sustainability of cities where lined and organized by public and private, commercial and service to recreational buildings that make up the urban landscape architecture, and is the ideal direction for these streets are the first step towards the sustainability of cities, and that the sustainability of cities is not a luxury intellectually but are needed actual and important step that must be observed by the planned urban designer. There is variation in the intensity of the main streets in the city of Baghdad use by the people, first; some of them are not encouraged to walk during the day time, secondly; others lacked environmental efficiency, because of the presence of sunlight annoying, third; the lack of environmental processors provide protection for people during the movement, and the lack of fit comfortably with the height of the buildings display those streets. So there was a need to assess this situation through the creation of a comparison between the ideal orientations and the current orientation of the main streets of Baghdad city as a model. Pol service Report (1982); To be the perfect orientations for buildings in hot dry areas is 350 East toward the South. In spite of the lack of reference to the ideal orientations to the streets directly, but he took it, that the main streets will inevitably be in the same orientations at an angle of 350 buildings any South- east being lined up on those streets. The research aims to verify the ideal orientations for a number of the main streets of the Baghdad city, which constitute the urban structure, and the results showed that all the samples that have been verified lacks ideal orientations. Find the perfect guidance recommends the adoption in the planning and design of future studies and to find the necessary solutions to fix the reality of the streets that are an essential step towards achieving sustainability of cities.
Abstract: In recent times emerged a lot of interests that seek to achieve sustainability in all fields, including the buildings and their relationship to the streets, which requires the organization of the relationship according to the local climate characteristics of each city, there are cities characterized by a warm climate, dry and other cities Hot- wet ...
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Synthesise of ZnO Nano Particle as an Alternative Catalyst for Photocatalytic Degradation of Brilliant Red Azo Dye
Jayamadhava P.,
Sudhakara A.,
Ramesha S.,
Nataraja G.
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2014
Pages:
318-322
Received:
14 November 2014
Accepted:
2 December 2014
Published:
19 December 2014
Abstract: A simple and a very convenient solution combustion method have been described to obtain ZnO nanoparticle. The band gap energy, particle size and morphology were studied by absorption spectra, XRD and SEM. The photocatalytic activity of synthesized ZnO nano particle on Brilliant red dye was studied by varying pH, amount of catalyst and dye concentration respectively. According to the XRD the average crystallite size of ZnO was found to be 41nm and the band gap energy of ZnO was found to be 3.2 eV. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of this nanoparticle was found to be 100%, 98.6%, and 87.3% for 25, 50 at 75 mg/L dye concentrations respectively against Brilliant Red dye.
Abstract: A simple and a very convenient solution combustion method have been described to obtain ZnO nanoparticle. The band gap energy, particle size and morphology were studied by absorption spectra, XRD and SEM. The photocatalytic activity of synthesized ZnO nano particle on Brilliant red dye was studied by varying pH, amount of catalyst and dye concentra...
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The Assessment of Space Radiation Exposure of Biology Experiments during Two Short-Term Missions
Mariagabriella Pugliese,
Filomena Loffredo,
Maria Quarto,
Vincenzo Roca,
Gianna Vivaldo,
Alba Zanini
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2014
Pages:
323-326
Received:
26 November 2014
Accepted:
18 December 2014
Published:
4 January 2015
Abstract: The assessment of space radiation exposure on plants, animals, cell cultures, as well as the astronauts, is crucial not only because it is very different from that to which they are subjected on the earth, but also to understand the combined effects of exposure to space radiation under microgravity. In particular, we evaluated the equivalent dose due to neutrons and charged particles for biology experiments, in two short-term missions, FOTON M3 and STS-34 mission, using Thermo Luminescence Dosimeters (TLDs) to evaluate the charged particles dosimetry and a set of passive neutron bubbles detectors for neutron dosimetry. In STS-34 mission, stack bismuth track dosimeter was used in addition to bubbles detectors to evaluate the dose equivalent rate due to neutrons in a wide energy range (0.025 eV-200 GeV). Considering a total dose due to both radiation types particles, a value of about 1 mSv/day is obtained. The neutron component represents about 18 % of the total.
Abstract: The assessment of space radiation exposure on plants, animals, cell cultures, as well as the astronauts, is crucial not only because it is very different from that to which they are subjected on the earth, but also to understand the combined effects of exposure to space radiation under microgravity. In particular, we evaluated the equivalent dose d...
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