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Rainfall Estimation Using Commercial Microwave Links (CMLs) Attenuations: Analyse of Extreme Event of 1st September 2009 in Ouagadougou
Ali Doumounia,
Moumouni Sawadogo,
Serge Roland Sanou,
François Zougmoré
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, February 2019
Pages:
1-4
Received:
16 October 2017
Accepted:
3 January 2019
Published:
24 January 2019
Abstract: With the exponential increasing of mobile phone users, the CML network in West Africa is growing, and thus providing a high potential for CML-derived precipitation measurements. In this work we use the performances data of the CMLs to determine the rainfall quantities of the rainy event which marked the memory of the inhabitants of the capital Ouagadougou on September 1st, 2009. In this study we use the attenuation of a microwave link to establish the rain rate. The working frequency is 13 GHz, the path length 7.5 Km and vertical polarization. The time series of attenuation are transformed into rain rates and compared with rain gauge data. The method has successful in quantifying the rainfall. The correlation between 1 hour data of the microwave link and the rain gauge is 0.63. The cumulative rainfall bias during the event less than 5%. These results demonstrate the opportunity to use the microwave backhauling in mobile network to assess rainfall in Africa in this context where the hydrometeorological risk increases every day.
Abstract: With the exponential increasing of mobile phone users, the CML network in West Africa is growing, and thus providing a high potential for CML-derived precipitation measurements. In this work we use the performances data of the CMLs to determine the rainfall quantities of the rainy event which marked the memory of the inhabitants of the capital Ouag...
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The Significance of Restrictions on Waste Import in Promoting Green Development in China
Chunlin Li,
Jianqing Chen
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, February 2019
Pages:
5-16
Received:
4 December 2018
Accepted:
2 January 2019
Published:
28 January 2019
Abstract: Since its reform and opening up, China's economy has been developing rapidly, but at the same time, China’s resources and environment have been increasingly seriously exhausted and damaged. There have been many world-famous public nuisance incidents in developed countries however, pollution caused by solid waste (i.e., garbage) is no less harmful than these international public nuisances. For China, the problem of solid waste import is especially serious and has become a nightmare for the development of environmental protection. The treatment of foreign waste import is an important fundamental approach for China to realize economic transition and promote the expansion of international trade. This paper studies and analyzes the harms of imported waste, explores the practical problems and difficulties in the treatment of imported foreign waste in China and provides a breakthrough concept of green development to promote the expansion of international trade and economic transition by placing a restriction or even ban on foreign waste import. To protect its ecological environment, China has accelerated the process of institutionalizing foreign waste import and economic transition, improved the legislation and law enforcement mechanisms for the treatment of waste import, and encouraged public participation in economic transition and environmental protection. The concepts of waste import restriction and green development provide an important reference for the world.
Abstract: Since its reform and opening up, China's economy has been developing rapidly, but at the same time, China’s resources and environment have been increasingly seriously exhausted and damaged. There have been many world-famous public nuisance incidents in developed countries however, pollution caused by solid waste (i.e., garbage) is no less harmful t...
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Estimate of the Providing of Iron in Adolescents Consuming Tap Water with Increased Iron Content
Victor Kalinovich Koval’chuk
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, February 2019
Pages:
17-21
Received:
25 December 2018
Accepted:
22 January 2019
Published:
21 February 2019
Abstract: Iron contamination of drinking water in municipal water supply systems is recognized as a risk factor for impairment of public health. Tap water in the city of Vladivostok has increased iron content (more 0.8 mg /l). The aim of this study was the medical assessment of the actual average daily dose (AADD) of iron consumed by Vladivostok residents with all sources its per oral administration. Present study was performed in February 2017. A random sample of 183 adolescents from 14 to 17 years old from Vladivostok municipal schools was investigated. Daily consumption of tap water, 85 trade names of bottled water, 21 groups of food products and dishes were studied by questionnaire method. The iron content in foods and drinking waters was taken according to the national reference tables and laboratory data. It was established that the iron AADD values among adolescent population were equal about 17 mg/day, what is harmless to the health. At the same time the frequency of iron intake deficiency was 18.37 (boys) and 64.58 (girls) cases per 100 people. It has been found that, against the background of an excessive of the iron content in tap water (up to 2.7 MAC) according to organoleptic limiting sign of harmfulness, the occurrence of deficit of its consumption in boys and girls is due to low consumption levels of foods with the highly bioavailable iron: eggs, animal meat and poultry meat.
Abstract: Iron contamination of drinking water in municipal water supply systems is recognized as a risk factor for impairment of public health. Tap water in the city of Vladivostok has increased iron content (more 0.8 mg /l). The aim of this study was the medical assessment of the actual average daily dose (AADD) of iron consumed by Vladivostok residents wi...
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Valorization Capacity of Slaughterhouse Waste in Biogas by a Tarpaulin Digester in Dakar, Senegal
Haroun Ali Adannou,
Saka Goni,
Etoungh Dimitri Manga,
Mamadou Simina Drame,
Lamine Ndiaye,
Kharouna Talla,
Aboubakar Chedikh Beye
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, February 2019
Pages:
22-30
Received:
11 February 2019
Accepted:
15 March 2019
Published:
3 April 2019
Abstract: The recycling of waste into biogas inevitably occurs in hermetically sealed enclosures called bio-digester. Our study focuses on the recovery capacity of slaughterhouse waste by a tarpaulin bio-digester installed at the Dakar abattoir with a capacity of 4000m3 including a digester of 2500m3 and a gas meter of 1500m3. During our work, we have tried to understand the primordial factor favoring the obtaining of biogas in quantity. The studied system being in industrial size, the water retention time was programmed over 40 days according to the data of the company and according to the characteristics of the substrate, the pH was observed, and the temperature set on a mesophilic range. We have noticed that the considerable increase in wastewater (blood + wash water) for a minimal amount of rumen content is favorable to a better biogas yield. It shows that the content of our biogas consists mainly of CH4, CO2, O2, and H2S measured using a Severin Multitec 540 Device for the analysis of biogas in the field. (Quality feature on 1m3 of biogas produced). The biogas is then purified and used to power a cogeneration engine, generating electricity and heat. The implementation of this digester has made it possible to solve an environmental problem related to the waste and the valorization of the latter as essential energy for the study system.
Abstract: The recycling of waste into biogas inevitably occurs in hermetically sealed enclosures called bio-digester. Our study focuses on the recovery capacity of slaughterhouse waste by a tarpaulin bio-digester installed at the Dakar abattoir with a capacity of 4000m3 including a digester of 2500m3 and a gas meter of 1500m3. During our work, we have tried ...
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Contribution of the Satellite Observation on the Analysis and the Forecast of the State of Air Pollution in TOGO
Mignanou Yawovi Amouzouvi,
Koffi Sagna,
Milohum Mikesokpo Dzagli,
Sidéra Kodjovi Edjame,
Agbéko Messanh Mohou
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, February 2019
Pages:
31-38
Received:
14 February 2019
Accepted:
18 March 2019
Published:
3 April 2019
Abstract: Nowadays, there is a crucial question about the quality of the air that people breathes in Togo and many problems that its pollution would cause on the human health (respiratory, pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, increase of infections) and on the environment (destruction of the ozone layer, global warming, climatic catastrophes). The lack of precise information on the different sources of pollution, the state and degree of pollution of Togolese cities, by the government or municipal authorities and policymakers, which would enable them to take commitments to limit air pollution in the country, made that the phenomenon of pollution persists. The present study aims to characterize the atmospheric pollution situations of the cities of Togo through the determination of the degree of pollution in Togo using the satellite measurements. The state of pollution of the atmosphere in Togo was performed by simulations using GIOVANNI software and satellite data from NASA. This research provides additional information on the variability of the pollutants according to time and will help government to foresee the eventual consequences. The results obtained allowed drawing up maps of the state of pollution of Togolese cities, knowing its sources and the average quantities of polluting particles released in Togo every year. The variation of the rate of these pollutants in the atmosphere in Togo also forecasts the degree of pollution of its cities and the estimate gave 481 ppm for CO2, 142.10-5 particles.m-2 of CO, 436.8 1021 mol.cm-2 of CH4 particles, 56.2 10-7 Kg.m-2 of SO2 in the atmosphere in Togo in 2050. The results showed that the capital Lomé is more polluted.
Abstract: Nowadays, there is a crucial question about the quality of the air that people breathes in Togo and many problems that its pollution would cause on the human health (respiratory, pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, increase of infections) and on the environment (destruction of the ozone layer, global warming, climatic catastrophes). The lack of ...
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