Novel Long Retentive Posaconazole Ophthalmic Suspension
Jadhav Simta,
Inamdar Kavita,
Bhitre Milind
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2020
Pages:
1-10
Received:
20 December 2019
Accepted:
3 January 2020
Published:
14 February 2020
Abstract: Ophthalmic formulations are not completely available for eliciting therapeutic action because of various reasons such as rapid tear drainage, blinking of eye, lower residence time and lower cul de sac volume. Ophthalmic formulation gets easily drained off due to eye blinking due to low viscosity. Posaconazole is known to have antifungal efficacy as oral route, however ophthalmic efficacy is not studied. The objective of present work was to develop long retentive posaconazole ophthalmic suspension based on polymer platform system of carbopol 974 P and xanthan gum. This synergistic polymer platform was pre-identified by means of experimental design study. Polymer based formulation helps to retain the drug at the site of action for longer duration and does not get washed away due to eye blinking phenomenon. Sterilization is key parameters for ophthalmic formulation. Different methods of sterilization were studied for posaconazole drug as well as polymer mixture and finished product. The developed formulations were characterized for homogeneity, pH, particle size, viscosity, osmolality, rheology study, mucoadhesive strength, contact angle, assay of posaconazole and benzalkonium chloride, degradation product, polymorphic form evaluation, eye irritation test and pharmacodynamic efficacy study. A stable long retentive posaconazole ophthalmic formulation was developed based on principles of quality by design. The developed formulation can be easily manufactured at bigger scale without need of any sophisticated equipment.
Abstract: Ophthalmic formulations are not completely available for eliciting therapeutic action because of various reasons such as rapid tear drainage, blinking of eye, lower residence time and lower cul de sac volume. Ophthalmic formulation gets easily drained off due to eye blinking due to low viscosity. Posaconazole is known to have antifungal efficacy as...
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Evaluation of Liver Toxicity of Three Different Herbal Bitters (Confam, G. Winco and 1960 Roots) on Wister Albino Rats
George Adieboye Oforibika,
Diepiriye Adokiye Oforibika
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2020
Pages:
11-16
Received:
7 January 2020
Accepted:
21 January 2020
Published:
14 February 2020
Abstract: This study evaluates the liver toxicity of three different herbal bitters (G. Winco, 1960 roots and Confam) on Wister albino rats. A total of 40 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups labeled A, B, C and D and kept in a well ventilated room. Group A served as control and these rats were treated with distilled water. Wister albino rats in the groups B, C and D were treated with 3 different doses of the bitters (20, 30 and 40mL/Kgbw) respectively. The drugs were administered once daily for 10 and 21days consecutively. Animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the last treatment. Blood samples were collected into heparinized sample bottles for analysis. There was no significant difference in the results obtained. Alkaline phosphatase and aspartate transaminase was decreased in a non-dose dependent manner in this study. Alanine transaminase was elevated in a dose dependent manner. Histopathological changes were seen in all doses and duration of administration of confam. 1960 roots showed these changes with increasing duration of use and doses. These results further suggest that these bitters cause some degree of hepatic damage and should be used with care, in moderate amounts and with proper monitoring of liver function indices.
Abstract: This study evaluates the liver toxicity of three different herbal bitters (G. Winco, 1960 roots and Confam) on Wister albino rats. A total of 40 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups labeled A, B, C and D and kept in a well ventilated room. Group A served as control and these rats were treated with distilled water. Wister albino rats in the grou...
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Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) Herb Extract for Use as Painkillers
Angeline Atieno Ochung,
Phillip Okinda Owuor,
Lawrence Arot Manguro,
Ishola Ismael
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2020
Pages:
17-24
Received:
24 January 2019
Accepted:
16 October 2019
Published:
19 February 2020
Abstract: Today, many herbal preparations are being prescribed as analgesics. In the past decade, there has been a resurgence of interest in traditional systems of medicine which has become a topic of global interest. Indeed, many important drugs in the market have been obtained directly/ indirectly from natural sources, for example: morphine, pilocarpine, quinine and artemisinin among others. Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) belongs to the family Fabaceae and is used traditionally to control fever, headache and general body pain. This plant was studied for presence of secondary metabolites and the antinocieceptive effects. Four lupane-type terpenoids; lupeol (1), friedelin (2) stigmasterol (3), and stigmasterol glucoside (4) were isolated from the ethylacetate (EtOAc) extract of leaves by extensive silica gel chromatography and their structures elucidated by spectroscopic 1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) as well as comparison with literature data. Acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice was used to study the analgesic effect of the crude extract and isolates with Acetyl-salicylic acid as the positive control (87.37%). After prior intraperitoneal injection (i.p) of the mice with the EtOAc extract (100 mg/Kg) and the isolates (10 mg/kg, p.o.), comparatively less number of writhes were observed implying that the extract and isolates had significant ability to relieve pain. Similarly, a percent inhibition of 50.52, 76.7, 66.47 and 62.24% was observed in EtOAc and compounds 1, 2 and 3 respectively compared to the positive control (87.37%). This research has confirmed the presence of painkillers in this plant and scientifically validates its use in folk medicine. The isolates can be used as templates and derivatised into alternative analgesics to support the existing strategies in the management of diseases. Improved health will enhance productivity both at National and Global levels. Large scale cultivation of this plant for commercial purposes will be an Income Generating Activity (IGA) for the rural poor and supplement the strategies aimed at poverty alleviation.
Abstract: Today, many herbal preparations are being prescribed as analgesics. In the past decade, there has been a resurgence of interest in traditional systems of medicine which has become a topic of global interest. Indeed, many important drugs in the market have been obtained directly/ indirectly from natural sources, for example: morphine, pilocarpine, q...
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