<i>Lonchocarpus eriocalyx</i> (Harms) Herb Extract for Use as Painkillers

Angeline Atieno Ochung; Phillip Okinda Owuor; Lawrence Arot Manguro; Ishola Ismael

doi:doi:10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13

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Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) Herb Extract for Use as Painkillers

Angeline Atieno Ochung, Phillip Okinda Owuor, Lawrence Arot Manguro, Ishola Ismael

Published in Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (Volume 4, Issue 1)

Received: 24 January 2019 Accepted: 16 October 2019 Published: 19 February 2020

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Abstract

Today, many herbal preparations are being prescribed as analgesics. In the past decade, there has been a resurgence of interest in traditional systems of medicine which has become a topic of global interest. Indeed, many important drugs in the market have been obtained directly/ indirectly from natural sources, for example: morphine, pilocarpine, quinine and artemisinin among others. Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) belongs to the family Fabaceae and is used traditionally to control fever, headache and general body pain. This plant was studied for presence of secondary metabolites and the antinocieceptive effects. Four lupane-type terpenoids; lupeol (1), friedelin (2) stigmasterol (3), and stigmasterol glucoside (4) were isolated from the ethylacetate (EtOAc) extract of leaves by extensive silica gel chromatography and their structures elucidated by spectroscopic 1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) as well as comparison with literature data. Acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice was used to study the analgesic effect of the crude extract and isolates with Acetyl-salicylic acid as the positive control (87.37%). After prior intraperitoneal injection (i.p) of the mice with the EtOAc extract (100 mg/Kg) and the isolates (10 mg/kg, p.o.), comparatively less number of writhes were observed implying that the extract and isolates had significant ability to relieve pain. Similarly, a percent inhibition of 50.52, 76.7, 66.47 and 62.24% was observed in EtOAc and compounds 1, 2 and 3 respectively compared to the positive control (87.37%). This research has confirmed the presence of painkillers in this plant and scientifically validates its use in folk medicine. The isolates can be used as templates and derivatised into alternative analgesics to support the existing strategies in the management of diseases. Improved health will enhance productivity both at National and Global levels. Large scale cultivation of this plant for commercial purposes will be an Income Generating Activity (IGA) for the rural poor and supplement the strategies aimed at poverty alleviation.

Published in	Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (Volume 4, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13
Page(s)	17-24
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Lonchocarpus eriocalyx, Fabaceae, Leaves, Terpenoids, Analgesic Activity

References

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[15]	Alam, M. S., Chopra, N., Mohammed, A., Niwa, M., (1996). Oleanen and Stigmasterol derivatives from Ambroma augusta. Phytochemistry 41: 1197-1200.
[16]	Reginatto, H. F., Gosmann, G., Guillaume, D., Kauffmann, C., Schenkel, P. E., Schripsema, J. (2001). Steroidal and triterpenoidal glucosides fro Passiflora alata. Journal of the Brazillian Chemical Society, 12: 32-36.
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APA Style

Angeline Atieno Ochung, Phillip Okinda Owuor, Lawrence Arot Manguro, Ishola Ismael. (2020). Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) Herb Extract for Use as Painkillers. Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 4(1), 17-24. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13

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ACS Style

Angeline Atieno Ochung; Phillip Okinda Owuor; Lawrence Arot Manguro; Ishola Ismael. Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) Herb Extract for Use as Painkillers. Pharm. Sci. Technol. 2020, 4(1), 17-24. doi: 10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13

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AMA Style

Angeline Atieno Ochung, Phillip Okinda Owuor, Lawrence Arot Manguro, Ishola Ismael. Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) Herb Extract for Use as Painkillers. Pharm Sci Technol. 2020;4(1):17-24. doi: 10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13

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@article{10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13,
  author = {Angeline Atieno Ochung and Phillip Okinda Owuor and Lawrence Arot Manguro and Ishola Ismael},
  title = {Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) Herb Extract for Use as Painkillers},
  journal = {Pharmaceutical Science and Technology},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17-24},
  doi = {10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.pst.20200401.13},
  abstract = {Today, many herbal preparations are being prescribed as analgesics. In the past decade, there has been a resurgence of interest in traditional systems of medicine which has become a topic of global interest. Indeed, many important drugs in the market have been obtained directly/ indirectly from natural sources, for example: morphine, pilocarpine, quinine and artemisinin among others. Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) belongs to the family Fabaceae and is used traditionally to control fever, headache and general body pain. This plant was studied for presence of secondary metabolites and the antinocieceptive effects. Four lupane-type terpenoids; lupeol (1), friedelin (2) stigmasterol (3), and stigmasterol glucoside (4) were isolated from the ethylacetate (EtOAc) extract of leaves by extensive silica gel chromatography and their structures elucidated by spectroscopic 1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) as well as comparison with literature data. Acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice was used to study the analgesic effect of the crude extract and isolates with Acetyl-salicylic acid as the positive control (87.37%). After prior intraperitoneal injection (i.p) of the mice with the EtOAc extract (100 mg/Kg) and the isolates (10 mg/kg, p.o.), comparatively less number of writhes were observed implying that the extract and isolates had significant ability to relieve pain. Similarly, a percent inhibition of 50.52, 76.7, 66.47 and 62.24% was observed in EtOAc and compounds 1, 2 and 3 respectively compared to the positive control (87.37%). This research has confirmed the presence of painkillers in this plant and scientifically validates its use in folk medicine. The isolates can be used as templates and derivatised into alternative analgesics to support the existing strategies in the management of diseases. Improved health will enhance productivity both at National and Global levels. Large scale cultivation of this plant for commercial purposes will be an Income Generating Activity (IGA) for the rural poor and supplement the strategies aimed at poverty alleviation.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) Herb Extract for Use as Painkillers
AU  - Angeline Atieno Ochung
AU  - Phillip Okinda Owuor
AU  - Lawrence Arot Manguro
AU  - Ishola Ismael
Y1  - 2020/02/19
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13
T2  - Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
JF  - Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
JO  - Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
SP  - 17
EP  - 24
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-4540
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13
AB  - Today, many herbal preparations are being prescribed as analgesics. In the past decade, there has been a resurgence of interest in traditional systems of medicine which has become a topic of global interest. Indeed, many important drugs in the market have been obtained directly/ indirectly from natural sources, for example: morphine, pilocarpine, quinine and artemisinin among others. Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) belongs to the family Fabaceae and is used traditionally to control fever, headache and general body pain. This plant was studied for presence of secondary metabolites and the antinocieceptive effects. Four lupane-type terpenoids; lupeol (1), friedelin (2) stigmasterol (3), and stigmasterol glucoside (4) were isolated from the ethylacetate (EtOAc) extract of leaves by extensive silica gel chromatography and their structures elucidated by spectroscopic 1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) as well as comparison with literature data. Acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice was used to study the analgesic effect of the crude extract and isolates with Acetyl-salicylic acid as the positive control (87.37%). After prior intraperitoneal injection (i.p) of the mice with the EtOAc extract (100 mg/Kg) and the isolates (10 mg/kg, p.o.), comparatively less number of writhes were observed implying that the extract and isolates had significant ability to relieve pain. Similarly, a percent inhibition of 50.52, 76.7, 66.47 and 62.24% was observed in EtOAc and compounds 1, 2 and 3 respectively compared to the positive control (87.37%). This research has confirmed the presence of painkillers in this plant and scientifically validates its use in folk medicine. The isolates can be used as templates and derivatised into alternative analgesics to support the existing strategies in the management of diseases. Improved health will enhance productivity both at National and Global levels. Large scale cultivation of this plant for commercial purposes will be an Income Generating Activity (IGA) for the rural poor and supplement the strategies aimed at poverty alleviation.
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Angeline Atieno Ochung

Department of Physical Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Bondo, Kenya
Phillip Okinda Owuor

Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
Lawrence Arot Manguro

Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
Ishola Ismael

Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Angeline Atieno Ochung, Phillip Okinda Owuor, Lawrence Arot Manguro, Ishola Ismael. (2020). Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) Herb Extract for Use as Painkillers. Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 4(1), 17-24. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13

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ACS Style

Angeline Atieno Ochung; Phillip Okinda Owuor; Lawrence Arot Manguro; Ishola Ismael. Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) Herb Extract for Use as Painkillers. Pharm. Sci. Technol. 2020, 4(1), 17-24. doi: 10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13

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AMA Style

Angeline Atieno Ochung, Phillip Okinda Owuor, Lawrence Arot Manguro, Ishola Ismael. Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) Herb Extract for Use as Painkillers. Pharm Sci Technol. 2020;4(1):17-24. doi: 10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13,
  author = {Angeline Atieno Ochung and Phillip Okinda Owuor and Lawrence Arot Manguro and Ishola Ismael},
  title = {Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) Herb Extract for Use as Painkillers},
  journal = {Pharmaceutical Science and Technology},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17-24},
  doi = {10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.pst.20200401.13},
  abstract = {Today, many herbal preparations are being prescribed as analgesics. In the past decade, there has been a resurgence of interest in traditional systems of medicine which has become a topic of global interest. Indeed, many important drugs in the market have been obtained directly/ indirectly from natural sources, for example: morphine, pilocarpine, quinine and artemisinin among others. Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) belongs to the family Fabaceae and is used traditionally to control fever, headache and general body pain. This plant was studied for presence of secondary metabolites and the antinocieceptive effects. Four lupane-type terpenoids; lupeol (1), friedelin (2) stigmasterol (3), and stigmasterol glucoside (4) were isolated from the ethylacetate (EtOAc) extract of leaves by extensive silica gel chromatography and their structures elucidated by spectroscopic 1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) as well as comparison with literature data. Acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice was used to study the analgesic effect of the crude extract and isolates with Acetyl-salicylic acid as the positive control (87.37%). After prior intraperitoneal injection (i.p) of the mice with the EtOAc extract (100 mg/Kg) and the isolates (10 mg/kg, p.o.), comparatively less number of writhes were observed implying that the extract and isolates had significant ability to relieve pain. Similarly, a percent inhibition of 50.52, 76.7, 66.47 and 62.24% was observed in EtOAc and compounds 1, 2 and 3 respectively compared to the positive control (87.37%). This research has confirmed the presence of painkillers in this plant and scientifically validates its use in folk medicine. The isolates can be used as templates and derivatised into alternative analgesics to support the existing strategies in the management of diseases. Improved health will enhance productivity both at National and Global levels. Large scale cultivation of this plant for commercial purposes will be an Income Generating Activity (IGA) for the rural poor and supplement the strategies aimed at poverty alleviation.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) Herb Extract for Use as Painkillers
AU  - Angeline Atieno Ochung
AU  - Phillip Okinda Owuor
AU  - Lawrence Arot Manguro
AU  - Ishola Ismael
Y1  - 2020/02/19
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13
T2  - Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
JF  - Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
JO  - Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
SP  - 17
EP  - 24
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-4540
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13
AB  - Today, many herbal preparations are being prescribed as analgesics. In the past decade, there has been a resurgence of interest in traditional systems of medicine which has become a topic of global interest. Indeed, many important drugs in the market have been obtained directly/ indirectly from natural sources, for example: morphine, pilocarpine, quinine and artemisinin among others. Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) belongs to the family Fabaceae and is used traditionally to control fever, headache and general body pain. This plant was studied for presence of secondary metabolites and the antinocieceptive effects. Four lupane-type terpenoids; lupeol (1), friedelin (2) stigmasterol (3), and stigmasterol glucoside (4) were isolated from the ethylacetate (EtOAc) extract of leaves by extensive silica gel chromatography and their structures elucidated by spectroscopic 1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) as well as comparison with literature data. Acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice was used to study the analgesic effect of the crude extract and isolates with Acetyl-salicylic acid as the positive control (87.37%). After prior intraperitoneal injection (i.p) of the mice with the EtOAc extract (100 mg/Kg) and the isolates (10 mg/kg, p.o.), comparatively less number of writhes were observed implying that the extract and isolates had significant ability to relieve pain. Similarly, a percent inhibition of 50.52, 76.7, 66.47 and 62.24% was observed in EtOAc and compounds 1, 2 and 3 respectively compared to the positive control (87.37%). This research has confirmed the presence of painkillers in this plant and scientifically validates its use in folk medicine. The isolates can be used as templates and derivatised into alternative analgesics to support the existing strategies in the management of diseases. Improved health will enhance productivity both at National and Global levels. Large scale cultivation of this plant for commercial purposes will be an Income Generating Activity (IGA) for the rural poor and supplement the strategies aimed at poverty alleviation.
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
ER  -

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