Jorge Francisco Pina Rubio,Maria Elena Buenrostro Espinosa,Rubén Dario Mora Armenta,Ricardo Serrano Tamayo,Raul Buenrostro Espinosa
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
1-5
Received:
16 March 2022
Accepted:
8 April 2022
Published:
29 April 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.pst.20220601.11
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Views:
Abstract: Electroencephalographic monitoring is a modality that should currently be recommended in all patients undergoing General Anesthesia. The use of Bispectral index (BIS) maintains special functions such as electromyography (EMG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) waves. The electroencephalogram has the capacity to provide information directly from the cerebral cortex and it can guide us to avoid the presence of suppression bursts, therefore the anesthesiologist should be familiar with the electroencephalogram. Electroencephalographic waves are classified by their frequency range, and their characteristics are highly dependent on the degree of activity of the brain’s cerebral cortex. The Delta waves which include all the waves in the EEG below 3.5 Hz, the Theta waves have frequencies between 4 and 7 Hz, the Alpha waves are rhythmic waves occurring at a frequency range between 8 and 13 Hz, the Beta waves are very low amplitude, and high frequency range between 13 and 30 Hz. In this study we analyze the presence of the spectrogram in patients under Total Intravenous Anesthesia (TIVA) and Balanced General Anesthesia (BGA) through the BIS device in spinal surgery. Eighteen patients were analyzed, assessing the spectrogram to find the "fill in" phenomenon, 9 of the patients who were managed with Sevoflorane had this phenomenon, with a total predominance of "alpha theta and delta" waves, while the rest of the patients, who had TIVA, remained with a predominance of "alpha and delta" waves but with lower intensity. The drugs used in the transanesthetic such opioids, hypnotics, and others anesthetics can cause alterations unrelated to the surgical event.Abstract: Electroencephalographic monitoring is a modality that should currently be recommended in all patients undergoing General Anesthesia. The use of Bispectral index (BIS) maintains special functions such as electromyography (EMG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) waves. The electroencephalogram has the capacity to provide information directly from the cer...Show More
Abstract: Background: Malaria is the major cause of disease and death on a global basis. The situation has worsened due to the emergence of parasite strains, resistant to a number of known antimalarials, causing relapse mostly in case of P vivax. That’s why the great need of combination drug therapy along with known compounds and phytocompound came into the picture for dealing drug resistance by introducing a new therapeutic approach. As liver and spleen are found to play the major roles to overcome the complications during malarial parasitemia, we have focused on the alteration of DNA synthesis and protein content during different levels of parasitemia before and after drug application. The study aims to analyse of the activity of Chloroquine and Picroliv on DNA content and protein turn over in both liver and spleen explants culture after P. berghei infection. Histological preparation of spleen explants for paraplast embedding total DNA content and protein turnover. In liver: In malarial, DNA content is observed to decline rapidly as the parasitemia level increases in liver tissue culture. Decrement of DNA content was found almost 25-52% as the parasitemia level increases 60% up to 0-4 days of culture. After insulin supplementation DNA content was found to increase almost 23% on Day 2 and 33% on day 4. Addition of picroliv enhances DNA content about 32%, 11% on day 2 and 4 respectively. Effect of Chloroquine is also observed with insulin and picroliv administration. Throughout the process, total protein concentration was observed to get decreased in proportion to the rate of infection. At 23% of infection protein values decreased by about 4 of culture respectively over the normal controls. Rate of 3-H-Thymidine incorporation is also observed at different stages of parasitemia. Spleen: In spleen also the same tests were done to observe DNA content at different parasitemia levels, where the reduction of DNA content was observed at 60% infection to be as 11% on day3. After addition of insulin it was increased by 133%; infections. Further increase was also observed about 94%. Total protein concentration was also observed to decrease by 23%, 66% at 20% parasitaemia on day 0 and 3. Total DNA content and total protein content was observed to decrease as the parasitemia level increases in cases of liver and spleen. After addition of insulin, could increase the DNA content slightly, further enhanced by application of picroliv in the media.Abstract: Background: Malaria is the major cause of disease and death on a global basis. The situation has worsened due to the emergence of parasite strains, resistant to a number of known antimalarials, causing relapse mostly in case of P vivax. That’s why the great need of combination drug therapy along with known compounds and phytocompound came into the ...Show More
