Abstract: Laryngoscopy with or without endotracheal intubation amounts to a highly noxious stimulus to the haemodynamics of a patient and various efforts have been made to attenuate this response. This study was conducted to compare the effects of oral Clonidine and IV Clonidine premedication on haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. This is a prospective, randomized controlled, double blind study conducted after obtaining institutional ethical approval. One hundred normotensive patients between 18-45yrs of age (ASA Grade I & II) scheduled for elective surgery were sub-divided into two groups with 50 patients in each group. Oral or intravenous clonidine 3μg/kg was given at 30 and 15 minutes before induction. Patients were Induced with inj Propofol 2.5 mg/kg, fentanyl 1μg kg-1 and inj Vecuronium 0.12mg/kg and intubated. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), rate pressure product (RPP) were recorded at Basal (before administration of study drug), pre laryngoscopy (after administration of study drug but before induction of anaesthesia) and post laryngoscopy at 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 minutes respectively. HR, SBP, DBP, and RPP decreased by -3.6%, -9.5%, - 11.5%, -12.7% in the oral clonidine group and by -3.4%, -16.3%, -11.9%, -19.1% in IV clonidine group from basal to pre laryngoscopy values (p<0.05). An increase was seen in both the group at 1, 3 and 5 minutes after intubation in both the groups. But the response was significantly less in the IV Clonidine group as compared to the Oral group. All the variables returned towards baseline values by 10-15 minutes post-laryngoscopy in either group. Oral Clonidine 3μ/kg was less effective than IV Clonidine 3μg/kg in blunting haemodynamic stress response. IV Clonidine premedication effectively blunted stress response to endotracheal intubation in ASA physical status I and II patients without causing adverse reactions.Abstract: Laryngoscopy with or without endotracheal intubation amounts to a highly noxious stimulus to the haemodynamics of a patient and various efforts have been made to attenuate this response. This study was conducted to compare the effects of oral Clonidine and IV Clonidine premedication on haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubati...Show More
Abstract: Pyrimidine derivatives have been in use since ages. Pyrimidine derivatives have shown wide range of pharmacological actions. However still many activities haven’t been researched so far. It is because of this reason the derivatives of the pyrimidine compounds was selected for the present study. In the present research work, it is all about the newer compounds being developed, designed, and experimented for their pharmacological actions. The current research shows the antibacterial activity tested in the new compounds designed in the laboratory. The antimicrobial activities were tested using agar plate and well diffusion method was especially selected for the present research work. Complete and proper steps were followed as per the guidelines. All precautions were taken while carrying out research for the derivative compounds in the present study. The designed compound showed effective and positive antibacterial activity present in the compound designed in the laboratory. Activity on both Gram positive and Gram negative microbes was tested, and the outcomes were in affirmation of the derivative compounds to be studied further for their pharmacological activities on both Gram positive and Gram negative microbes, and the outcomes were in affirmation of the derivative compounds to be studied further for their pharmacological activities for the derivative compounds selected in the present study. As a researcher, it is recommended to carry out further research on the same compound and being tested for other pharmacological activities.Abstract: Pyrimidine derivatives have been in use since ages. Pyrimidine derivatives have shown wide range of pharmacological actions. However still many activities haven’t been researched so far. It is because of this reason the derivatives of the pyrimidine compounds was selected for the present study. In the present research work, it is all about the newe...Show More
