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Enhance Maize (Zea mays L.) Tolerance to Abiotic Stress Through the Genetic Transformation with Anthranilate Synthase (ASA2 Gene) Using Particle Bombardment
Karim Mohamed Beltagy,
Manal Moustafa Abdel-Rahman,
Hanaa Mahdy Abouzied,
Samia Ahmed Madkour
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, April 2019
Pages:
28-33
Received:
4 March 2019
Accepted:
19 March 2019
Published:
7 May 2019
Abstract: The agricultural plans in Egypt aim to increase maize production and yield to reduce the importation and to meet the country's need from maize. Currently the crop production is affected by the climatic changes which rise the abiotic and biotic stresses problems. In an attempt to raise the tryptophan level in maize, particle bombardment technique was used with two hybrids maize, namely Sc168 and Sc10. The results of this study showed that both hybrids were transformed efficiently and showed increased levels of tryptophan in the two hybrids. The double shot 1100 psi was higher effective than single shot. It can be concluded that levels of tryptophan increased clearly in the two hybrids which is considered an indicator for ASA2 successful expressing as compared to control. The present study established effective tissue culture protocol for maize hybrids suitable for gene transformation which may used in maize improvement programs in the future.
Abstract: The agricultural plans in Egypt aim to increase maize production and yield to reduce the importation and to meet the country's need from maize. Currently the crop production is affected by the climatic changes which rise the abiotic and biotic stresses problems. In an attempt to raise the tryptophan level in maize, particle bombardment technique wa...
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Antibiotic-modified Microbiome Might Be Responsible for Non-contagious World-wide Epidemics
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, April 2019
Pages:
34-39
Received:
5 March 2019
Accepted:
11 April 2019
Published:
9 May 2019
Abstract: The rapid, pandemic-like, spread of certain noncontagious diseases (NCDs), like (childhood) obesity, type2 diabetes mellitus, particularly in children, autism, Alzheimer diseases, etc. prompted the researches to try to find appropriate explanation for this phenomenon. The well-known association between antibiotic enriched fodder and the weight gain of food animals, through the modification of the gut flora, clearly raises the possibility of similar relationship in human beings as well, which was described in several publications. The role of obesity in the development of diabetes is a well-known also. The antibiotic consumption pattern in the World clearly demonstrated the extensive utilization of the broad spectrum antibiotics, starting about three decades ago, and the appearance of still active degradation products in the environment, which might reenter into humans and animals again, and as the result of the alteration of human microbiome, could induce the pandemic-like NCDs. The yet to be explained rapid increase of prevalence of autism and Alzheimer diseases observed in the past three decades is alarming. According to a CDC survey, the prevalence of autism in the surveyed population was estimated as 16.8 per 1,000 (one in 59) children aged 8 years, which is considered as a 150% increase from the year 2000. The prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease in Europe was estimated at 5.05% (95% CI, 4.73-5.39). Microbiome alterations were observed in both cases and obesity is present in the 30% of autism as well. Putting together the mosaics from relevant publications, it might be concluded that we face the long term side effects of antibiotic consumption/pollution manifesting, through the alteration of microbioms as the pandemic appearance of certain NCDs. The restoration of the “normal” gut flora by fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) might be an option to influence those conditions.
Abstract: The rapid, pandemic-like, spread of certain noncontagious diseases (NCDs), like (childhood) obesity, type2 diabetes mellitus, particularly in children, autism, Alzheimer diseases, etc. prompted the researches to try to find appropriate explanation for this phenomenon. The well-known association between antibiotic enriched fodder and the weight gain...
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Study on the Effects of Extraction and Purification Conditions on the Activity of Peroxidase and Polyphenol Oxidase from Chestnut Kernel and on Their Substrates
Gao Xiang,
Han Mengmeng,
Cai Ziyi,
Zhang Xingyuan,
Wang Fang,
Pang Meixia,
Qi Jinghua
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, April 2019
Pages:
40-45
Received:
15 April 2019
Published:
15 June 2019
Abstract: Chestnut kernel is a woody grain with high nutritional value and utilized value, but it is susceptible to Browning. Previous studies have shown that phenol is the substrate of enzymes that lead to browning. In order to investigate the substrates that that leads to browning of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) of chestnut kernel. The extraction and purification methods and the main substrates of POD and PPO from chestnut kernel were investigated. First, the effects on enzyme activity of different kinds of buffer, temperature, time and pH value were studied; second, the salting out purification of different concentrations and the main substrates of POD and PPO from chestnut were studied. The results were shown that POD enzyme in chestnut could be obtained by extracting with sodium dihydrogen phosphate-dibasic sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) at 4°C for 5 h. PPO enzyme in chestnut could be obtained by extracting with disodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer (pH 5.4) at 4°C for 5 h. The two enzymes could be purified best by 80% ammonium sulfate, and the activity of POD and PPO enzyme had been enhanced for 60% and 190% respectively. Gallic acid might be the main substrate of POD and PPO in browning of chestnut kernel.
Abstract: Chestnut kernel is a woody grain with high nutritional value and utilized value, but it is susceptible to Browning. Previous studies have shown that phenol is the substrate of enzymes that lead to browning. In order to investigate the substrates that that leads to browning of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) of chestnut kernel. The ext...
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Application of Compound Preservatives in Beijing Sausages
Gao Xiang,
Han Mengmeng,
Cai Ziyi,
Zhang Xingyuan,
Wang Fang,
Pang Meixia,
Qi Jinghua
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, April 2019
Pages:
46-50
Received:
15 April 2019
Published:
15 June 2019
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of natural and safe compound preservatives on the shelf life of Beijing sausages. In this thesis, Pseudomonas sp was the first dominant bacterium in the Beijing sausages, which was taken as the research object. The total number of bacteria and the sensory score were taken as the evaluation indexes. On the basis of previous studies, Cinnamon, clove and fennel had good antibacterial effect and those were selected as compound preservatives. By using three-factor quadratic universal rotation design experiment and establishing the mathematical model. Then the effect of single factor experiment shown that within the coding range, the bacteriostatic effects of anise, cinnamon and clove were gradually weakened, the effect of interaction experiment shown that there was significant interaction between cinnamon and clove. When the total number of bacteria reached the lowest level, the optimal ratio of the compound preservatives was determined as follows: cinnamon 0.063 g/mL, clove 1.000 g/mL, fennel 0.810 g/mL. According to this formula, 0.1% of compound preservative was added to the meat and compared to the control group, under the same conditions and time of storage, the total number of bacteria was significantly lower. The result shown that The shelf life of sausages could be extended by 9 days by adding 0.1% compound preservatives.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of natural and safe compound preservatives on the shelf life of Beijing sausages. In this thesis, Pseudomonas sp was the first dominant bacterium in the Beijing sausages, which was taken as the research object. The total number of bacteria and the sensory score were taken as the evaluation indexes...
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