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Screening and Characterization of Fungal Taxol from Leaf Spot Fungi
Bose Chitra Kani,
Senthuran Suresh Kumar,
Mohan Pandi
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, December 2017
Pages:
113-120
Received:
1 November 2017
Accepted:
9 November 2017
Published:
6 December 2017
Abstract: Plants are the tremendous source for the discovery of new biotherapeutic products with medicinal importance in drug development. Paclitaxel (Taxol) is a plant-derived natural product that exhibits potential anticancer activity. Taxol binding specifically with β-tubulin and prevents depolymerisation during the process of cell division in cancer cells as anticancer property. This billion dollar drug was first isolated in trace amounts (1kg taxol recovered from 13,500kg of bark) from the bark of Yew tree (Taxus brevifolia), but huge drawback is production rate was low and shortage of yew trees. Currently, endophytic fungi and pathogenic fungi are the best alternative source for the taxol production. In this study, twenty-seven different plants were used for infected leaves collection from Madurai Kamaraj University (MKU) campus. Fungi were isolated from infected leaf spots on PDA plates using hyphal tip method. All the isolated fungi were subjected to pathogenicity tests, and positive pathogenic fungi were re-isolated. Totally eighteen fungal plant pathogens were isolated. The positive isolates identified using morphological and molecular characters. All the positive pathogens are screened preliminarily for taxol production. Among the eighteen isolates, three fungi were produced taxol. The test fungus Phoma moricola, isolated from Bauhinia tomentosa was the first report for Taxol production. The amount of taxol produced by Phoma moricola was quantified by HPLC. The maximum amount of taxol produced was found to be 302μg/L.
Abstract: Plants are the tremendous source for the discovery of new biotherapeutic products with medicinal importance in drug development. Paclitaxel (Taxol) is a plant-derived natural product that exhibits potential anticancer activity. Taxol binding specifically with β-tubulin and prevents depolymerisation during the process of cell division in cancer cell...
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Comparison of In Sacco Rumen Dry Matter Degradability and Feeds intake and Digestion of Crossbred Dairy Cows (Holestian Friesian X Horro) Supplemented with Concentrate Diet
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, December 2017
Pages:
121-130
Received:
12 August 2017
Accepted:
23 September 2017
Published:
7 December 2017
Abstract: A study was conducted at Bako Agricultural Research Centre to evaluate the feeding value of Pennisetum purpureum Silage (PPS) as basal diet when offered sole or in mixture with Natural Grass Hay (NGH) on voluntary feed intake, digestibility, degradability, milk yield and composition of crossbred dairy cattle. Ten dairy cows (Horro X Friesian) with similar milk yield (6.2-8.5 kg d-1), initial body weight of 307.99±8.53 kg (mean ± SEM), early stage of lactation, but differing in parities were used in a switch over 5X5 double Latin square design. There were five periods each composed of 30 days, 15 days for adaptation and the remaining 15 days for data collection. Treatments were NGH and PPS at a ratio of 100:0 (T1), 75:25 (T2), 50:50 (T3), 25:75 (T4) and 0:100% (T5), respectively. The basal diets were fed ad libitum. All animals were fed concentrate mix (49.5% maize grain + 49.5% noug seed cake + 1% salt) at a level of 0.5 kg/l of milk and additional 100 gram mineral mixtures was added for each cows daily into feed trough. Results of chemical analysis and degradability studies of experimental feeds indicated that PPS (CP=13.85%, ME=10.22 (MJKg-1DM) had better nutritive value than NGH (CP=11.72% and ME=7.98 (MJKg-1 DM). Ruminal in Sacco degradation characteristics observed for PPS were good indicative of being better basal feed than NGH. The daily DM, CP, and ME intake were highly significant (P<0.001) among the treatments with the highest intake observed when cows were fed sole PPS (T5). Apparent DM digestibility of T5 (66.1) were higher (P<0.001) than T1 (63.4), T2 (63.6), T3 (64.1) and T4 (64.9%). Crude protein and neutral detergent fiber digestibility coefficient were not affected by the different dietary treatments (P>0.05). Daily milk yield was higher (P<0.01) for T4 (6.60) and T5 (6.89) as compared to T1 (6.28 l/d). Composition of all milk constituents were not significantly (P>0.05) different among dietary treatments. Mean daily live weight loss was not significantly (P>0.05) different among treatments. Therefore, the result demonstrated that PPS had better feeding value as compared to the NGH for crossbred lactating dairy cows and can be conserved and used especially in the dry season when conventional roughages are in short supply and low in CP content.
Abstract: A study was conducted at Bako Agricultural Research Centre to evaluate the feeding value of Pennisetum purpureum Silage (PPS) as basal diet when offered sole or in mixture with Natural Grass Hay (NGH) on voluntary feed intake, digestibility, degradability, milk yield and composition of crossbred dairy cattle. Ten dairy cows (Horro X Friesian) with ...
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Immunopotentiating Impact of The Trivedi Effect®-Biofield Energy Healing on Herbomineral Formulation After Oral Administration in Male Sprague Dawley Rats
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi,
Alice Branton,
Dahryn Trivedi,
Gopal Nayak,
Ariadne Esmene Afaganis,
Barbara Marie Bader,
Brian A. Weekes,
Daphne Luisa Dumas,
Denise Marie Fiedler,
Dennille Mellesia Smith,
Desi Pano,
Donna Felice Galla,
Donna Maria Alija,
Elaine Barbara Mullins,
Elaine M. Scorza,
Ellia O'Donnell,
Fabio Massimo Paciucci,
Frances Goodman Warlick,
Haddon Norman Salt,
Inthirani Arul,
Jacqueline Y. Andrews,
James Jay McLeran,
James Stephen Burnett,
Jean Caroline White,
Mayank Gangwar,
Snehasis Jana
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, December 2017
Pages:
131-140
Received:
30 October 2017
Accepted:
11 November 2017
Published:
11 December 2017
Abstract: A new proprietary herbomineral formulation was formulated, consisting of essential ingredients viz. herbal root extract ashwagandha and minerals (zinc, magnesium, and selenium). The aim of the study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory potential of Biofield Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) Treatment on the herbomineral formulation in male Sprague Dawley rats. The test formulation was divided into two parts. One part was denoted as the control without any Biofield Energy Treatment, while the other part was defined as the Biofield Energy Treated sample, which received the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment remotely from twenty renowned Biofield Energy Healers. The experimental parameters studies were humoral immune response (primary and secondary titre), delayed type hypersensitivity reaction, animal weight parameters, feed and water intake, histopathology, hematological and serum biochemistry. Humoral immune response showed the primary and secondary antibody titre values were significantly (p≤0.05) increased by 5.33% and 112.5%, respectively in the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation (G4) group with respect to the disease control group (G2). Delayed type hypersensitivity results showed significant increase in paw edema by 88.24% (p≤0.05) and 25% at 24 and 48 hours of duration, respectively in the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation (G4) group compared with the G2 group. Hematological studies showed a significant increase in the RBC count, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume (PCV), while the platelet count was increased by 8.40% in the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation group (G4) compared with the disease control group (G2). Biochemical analysis exhibited an increased level of calcium and phosphorus by 2.34% and 7.38%, respectively while serum uric acid was significantly decreased by 18.34% along with a slight increase in the magnesium, potassium, and sodium ions in the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation (G4) compared with the G2 group. In conclusion, the Biofield Energy Treated Test Formulation would be the powerful immunomodulatory product, which was found to be safe at the tested doses. Therefore, The Trivedi Effect®-Biofield Energy Healing based herbomineral formulation can be applied to potentiate the immune system that helps to fight against many infectious diseases. Overall, experimental data suggested that the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation can be used for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, stress management and prevention, and anti-aging by improving overall health.
Abstract: A new proprietary herbomineral formulation was formulated, consisting of essential ingredients viz. herbal root extract ashwagandha and minerals (zinc, magnesium, and selenium). The aim of the study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory potential of Biofield Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) Treatment on the herbomineral formulation in male Sprag...
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Environmental Damage Caused by Wastewater Discharge into the Lake Manzala in Egypt
Ahmed Ismail,
Hiroshan Hettiarachchi
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, December 2017
Pages:
141-150
Received:
11 November 2017
Accepted:
22 November 2017
Published:
25 December 2017
Abstract: Lake Manzala is a brackish lake in northeastern Egypt on the Nile Delta. It is the largest of the northern Delta lakes of Egypt. The Lake is exposed to high inputs of pollutants from industrial, domestic, and agricultural sources. Climate gases and large amounts of particulate matter, nutrients, bacteria, heavy metals, and toxic organics are transported to the Lake through the wastewater discharge. Water samples were collected and subjected to physicochemical analysis and microbiological study. Results have shown great changes in physical and chemical properties of water including: temperature (13.5°C in winter -32°C in summer), pH (7.8-9.2), dissolved oxygen (2.5-12.8 mgl-1), total dissolved solids (1033-43406 mgl-1), total suspended solids (120-387 mgl-1), ammonia (2.5-32.3 mgl-1), nitrite (0-0.076 mgl-1), nitrate (0.01-7.88 mgl-1), phosphate (0.26-2.37 mgl-1), Fe (0.01-0.63 mgl-1), Zn (0-0.35 mgl-1), Cu (0.01-0.91 mgl-1), Cn (0.002-0.029 mgl-1) and Ni (0-0.002 mgl-1). Results, also, showed a quit great density of total viable bacterial count and indicator organisms including total Coli forms, fecal coli forms, Aeromonas spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Vibrio spp. It is concluded that water in Lake Manzala is highly damaged and the phenomena need more attention in order to reduce the pollution load that reaches the Mediterranean Sea.
Abstract: Lake Manzala is a brackish lake in northeastern Egypt on the Nile Delta. It is the largest of the northern Delta lakes of Egypt. The Lake is exposed to high inputs of pollutants from industrial, domestic, and agricultural sources. Climate gases and large amounts of particulate matter, nutrients, bacteria, heavy metals, and toxic organics are transp...
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