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Prevalence of Yellow Rust at Minjar, Basonawarena and Moretenajihur District of North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
151-155
Received:
12 October 2021
Accepted:
11 November 2021
Published:
17 November 2021
Abstract: Stripe (Yellow) rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst) is important wheat diseases causing serious damage on cultivated wheat variety. The wheat yellow rust assessment was conducted in the main rainy season of 2018/19 at Minjar, Basonawarena and Moretnajihur using “Z” method of diseases assessment. Disease and agro-eological data were recorded. The disease was prevalent at all districts by varying incidence and severity ranges. The highest Yr prevalence 100% was recorded at Moretenajihur districts: conversely; the lowest prevalence percentage 16.67% was at Minjar district. The highest severity and incidence of yellow rust 40-100% and 10-40%, respectively was recorded at Moretenajihur with MS to S reaction; while the lowest severity and incidence (0-15% and 0-5%) respectively was recorded at Minjar with reaction of MS. Factors such as wheat variety, growth stage and agro-ecological variations have contributions for the distributions and occurrence of yellow rust. Highest yellow rust incidence ranges 100% S on field cultivated with bread wheat on variety kakaba and Kubsa at growth stage of Milk to matured stage. Local cultivar has shown lowest incidence and severity percentage with moderately susceptible responses than improved varieties.
Abstract: Stripe (Yellow) rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst) is important wheat diseases causing serious damage on cultivated wheat variety. The wheat yellow rust assessment was conducted in the main rainy season of 2018/19 at Minjar, Basonawarena and Moretnajihur using “Z” method of diseases assessment. Disease and agro-eological data w...
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Impact of Climate Change on Horticultural Crops Production and Quality: A Review
Alemnew Muchie,
Fikirte Assefa
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
156-161
Received:
24 October 2021
Accepted:
12 November 2021
Published:
19 November 2021
Abstract: Climate change decreases the global agriculture production and also affects production of Horticulture crops. Horticultural crops are highly perishable and very sensitive to unpredictable climate change. Abiotic stress includes temperature, drought, flooding, outbreak of insect increase and Carbon dioxide concentration. During recent years many research showed impact of climate change on horticultural Crops production and quality. It was found that temperature leading apple flowering subsequently fruit setting qualitatively as well as quantitatively, increase of sun burn, and cracking in apple which marked decrease the fruit quality, lower tomato yield, in orange and mandarin poor quality, fruit drop, lose great ratio of total yield, in Cashew drying of flower resulting in yield reduction, in potato hinder the growth of root and stolon, delays the formation of tubers and starch accumulation, eventually lead to decrease yield. Drought stress cause in apple tree transpiration rate and photosynthesis rate reduce by the decrease stomata conductance. Flooding in China 47.5% of vegetable production damaged onion 30-40% yield loss and In India Kerela 25,138 production of spice loss. A major economical pest Tomato leaf minor (TLM) of both out door and greenhouse tomato causes yield loss about 80-100% under heavy infestation, changes color and fall tomato from stem and also out break infestation of sucking insects in banana. Carbon dioxide enrichment is impact on growth flower of greenhouse environment and also on coffee been quality but negative impact when the concentration is high. In the present review, impact of climate change on horticultural crops production and quality has been summarized.
Abstract: Climate change decreases the global agriculture production and also affects production of Horticulture crops. Horticultural crops are highly perishable and very sensitive to unpredictable climate change. Abiotic stress includes temperature, drought, flooding, outbreak of insect increase and Carbon dioxide concentration. During recent years many res...
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Preparation and Antioxidant Activities of New Di-Amino-Schiff Base Derivatives of Chitosan
Zhimei Zhong,
Guangnan Zhu,
Zhihong Zhao,
Haijie Li,
Zhenting Zhang
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
162-168
Received:
18 October 2021
Accepted:
24 November 2021
Published:
2 December 2021
Abstract: The damage caused by reactive oxygen radicals to the body is huge, and it can lead to aging of the human body and cause the occurrence of many diseases. Therefore, finding new antioxidant substance is urgent. In order to obtain new non-toxic antioxidant reagent, 3 kinds of di-amino-Schiff base derivatives of chitosan were prepared by grafting urea molecule onto chitosan chain using chitosan as raw material in this paper. The reaction conditions such as different reaction time, temperature, solvent and the molar ratio of reaction materials were discussed, and the structures of the derivatives were characterized by FT-IR and 13C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The antioxidant activities of chitosan and its derivatives were tested, including the scavenging ability of superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals and DPPH radicals. The experimental results show that the derivatives and chitosan all have good antioxidant activities, of which the removal rate of HCS for ·OH is 78.2%; and the clearance of DSABHCS at concentration of 500 μg·mL-1 toward O2- is 97.8%; the clearance of LCS to DPPH is 94.3% at concentration of 600 μg·mL-1. These results laid the foundation for the development of chitosan and its derivatives using as new antioxidant reagents.
Abstract: The damage caused by reactive oxygen radicals to the body is huge, and it can lead to aging of the human body and cause the occurrence of many diseases. Therefore, finding new antioxidant substance is urgent. In order to obtain new non-toxic antioxidant reagent, 3 kinds of di-amino-Schiff base derivatives of chitosan were prepared by grafting urea ...
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Nitrogen Uptake and Use Efficiency of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties as Influenced by Combined Application of Vermicompost and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate
Negessa Gadisa,
Tesfaye Wakgari
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
169-178
Received:
17 November 2021
Accepted:
6 December 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: Crop management strategies that improve nitrogen use efficiency and increase profits while reducing the detrimental effects on the environment due to loss of nitrogen fertilizer. A study was conducted in 2019 cropping season to evaluate effectiveness of vermicompost, N fertilizer and their combinations in improving nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency at Holeta Agricultural Research Center. The experiment was designed in a split- split-plot combination with wheat varieties (Wane and Danda’a) as main plots, four vermicompost rates (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 t ha-1) as sub-plot and four N fertilizer rates (0, 23, 46 and 69 kg N ha-1) as sub-sub plot with three replications. Synergistic nutrient interaction effect sourced from vermicompost and urea fertilizer brought positive influence on wheat nitrogen uptake and use efficiency. The highest (154.33 kgha-1) total nitrogen uptake was obtained from combined application of Wane variety together with 5 t ha-1 vermicompost and 46 kgha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer while the lowest value (33.21kgha-1) was obtained from control plot. Maximum grain nitrogen use efficiency (93.45 kg kg-1) was recorded from plot that received Wane variety with 23 kg N ha-1 and the value decreased as vermicompost and N fertilizer level increased while the lowest (29.63 kg kg-1) value was obtained when Danda’a variety used with vermicompost at 7.5t ha-1 and 69 kg ha-1nitrogen fertilizer. Similarly, the highest nitrogen apparent recovery efficiency (111.42%) and agronomic efficiency (42.59 kg kg-1) were observed in treatment that received Wane variety with combined application of vermicompost at 5 t ha-1 and nitrogen at 46 kg ha-1 while the lowest value was respectively obtained from Danda’a variety with nitrogen at 69 kg ha-1 and Danda’a variety with vermicompost at 2.5t ha-1. The maximum (72.64%) N harvest index was recorded from variety Wane when applied with combination of vermicompost at 2.5t V ha-1 and nitrogen at 46kgha-1, but the minimum (61.98%) value was recorded from application of vermicompost at 7.5tha-1. Therefore, integrated use of variety, vermicompost and nitrogen fertilizer is found to be better in enhancing nitrogen fertilizer efficiency and reducing environment problems.
Abstract: Crop management strategies that improve nitrogen use efficiency and increase profits while reducing the detrimental effects on the environment due to loss of nitrogen fertilizer. A study was conducted in 2019 cropping season to evaluate effectiveness of vermicompost, N fertilizer and their combinations in improving nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use ...
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