The Significance and Implications of Pesticide Residue on Fruits and Vegetables in Ethiopia: An Overview
Mekuria Wolde,
Solomon Abirdew
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2019
Pages:
71-81
Received:
29 May 2019
Accepted:
9 July 2019
Published:
18 December 2019
Abstract: Crop protection is an essential component of fruit and vegetable production in Ethiopia. Farmers utilize various protection strategies and methods to minimize the level of damage by pests, but among protection strategies pesticide application is the predominant method. There is high dependency of farmers on pesticide control of pests in fruits and vegetable production. Pesticide application encourages farmers to rely more on pesticides than on other pest control methods because of quick results obtained. This will result in accumulation of pesticide residues on the crops. Pesticide residue refers to pesticides that may remain on or in food after they are applied to food crops. Hence pesticide residue includes the pesticide that is remained in the sprayed produce such as fruits and vegetables and bioaccumulation in animals and products such as fish, meat, eggs and dairy. Pesticides used on fruits and vegetables leave residues on the exposed crops which expose human beings to adverse health effects. The continuous use of pesticides in fruits and vegetables as practiced by farmer’s poses a health risk to consumers and may lead to higher pesticide residues. Organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides which are the most hazardous and banned chemical groups are still in use in Ethiopia. Good pesticide monitoring and program to evaluate consumer risk for the Ethiopian people is mandatory.
Abstract: Crop protection is an essential component of fruit and vegetable production in Ethiopia. Farmers utilize various protection strategies and methods to minimize the level of damage by pests, but among protection strategies pesticide application is the predominant method. There is high dependency of farmers on pesticide control of pests in fruits and ...
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Evaluation of Sugarcane Genotypes Under Irrigation Based on Genetic Variations and Heritability for Agronomic Traits at Early Selection Stage in Ferké, Ivory Coast
Crépin Bi Péné,
Yavo Mickle Béhou
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2019
Pages:
82-92
Received:
6 August 2019
Accepted:
30 October 2019
Published:
25 December 2019
Abstract: The objective of the study was to determine the best performing sugarcane genotypes tested at early selection stage under sprinkler irrigation, in comparison with a check variety (R579). The experiment was designed following a randomized complete block (RCB) with 21 cane genotypes in three replications. Each plot consisted of five dual rows of ten meters with 0.5 and 1.90 m of inter-row spacing, i.e. 95 m2 per plot and about 6,000 m2 for the whole experiment. It was carried out on a commercial sugarcane plantation of Ferké 2 located in the northern part of the country, over two seasons (plant cane and first ratoon) as an early-season crop from, November 18, 2016 to November 15, 2018. Over each micro-plot, data based on different agro-morphological traits were collected at harvest from three central dual rows. The study showed that most relevant traits in genotype clustering were related to juice quality (recoverable sucrose, sucrose content, purity), yields and yield components (millable stalk number/ha, stalk height, stalk diameter, internode number). Based on sugar yields, four genotypes equivalent to the check (R579), namely KQ228, R97-6177, R99-4064 and KQ236, were found promising for the next advanced selection stage with, respectively, 19.2, 17.7, 17.3 and 16.9 t sugar/ha. Their cane yield performances ranged from 147.7 to 170.8 t/ha compared to 170.7 for the check and belong to 3 clusters genotypes over the eight determined. Not only sugar yield, but also flowering rate, stem borer infestation rate and number of tillers per hectare were found as the most relevant agro-morphological traits in the genetic variation of sugarcane genotypes tested.
Abstract: The objective of the study was to determine the best performing sugarcane genotypes tested at early selection stage under sprinkler irrigation, in comparison with a check variety (R579). The experiment was designed following a randomized complete block (RCB) with 21 cane genotypes in three replications. Each plot consisted of five dual rows of ten ...
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Comparative Analysis on the Proximate Composition of Tubers of Colocasia Esculenta, L. Schott and Dioscorea Alata Cultivated in Ethiopia
Zelalem Kibret Akalu,
Shisho Haile Geleta
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2019
Pages:
93-101
Received:
9 January 2019
Accepted:
31 January 2019
Published:
4 January 2020
Abstract: Taro and yam are used for different purposes mainly used in south western region in Ethiopia especially in Benchmaji, Keffa and Sheka zones of the country and are underutilized foods for nutrition and income in other parts of the Ethiopia. Traditionally, it has been believed that a cure for hyper tension that is used to minimize the hyper tension, as a snack and etc. Therefore Promoting and supporting the use of taro and yam can make a major contribution to the food security of Ethiopia and of the world as well. The present study focused on, the quantitative determination of proximate compositions of the taro and yam samples cultivated in southwestern Ethiopia (Keffa zone, Benchmaji zone and Sheka zone). The parameters investigated were proximate composition (crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, carbohydrate, and energy). Proximate compositions were determined by Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC, 2000).The result indicated that, the proximate composition of both raw taro and yam samples in this study were: Crude Protein (4.03-6.22, 3.30-6.44%), crude fat (0.77-1.26, 0.71-1.30%), crude fibre (3.45-5.74, 2.47-4.39%), total ash (2.53-4.82, 1.76-3.27%), utilizable Carbohydrates (77.82-81.18, 75.98-84.07%) and Gross energy (338.79-351.63, 330.12-353.64) Kcal/100g, respectively. Thus, in general, both raw taro and yam had appreciable amount of the proximate composition, and could be a promising crops for securing food supply in the study area under investigation.
Abstract: Taro and yam are used for different purposes mainly used in south western region in Ethiopia especially in Benchmaji, Keffa and Sheka zones of the country and are underutilized foods for nutrition and income in other parts of the Ethiopia. Traditionally, it has been believed that a cure for hyper tension that is used to minimize the hyper tension, ...
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