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Comparative Analysis of Manual Fading and Laser Fading Process on Denim Fabric
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
44-49
Received:
3 September 2015
Accepted:
16 September 2015
Published:
26 September 2015
Abstract: Fading is renowned process to develop fabric outer appearance. Difference types of fading process are applied on denim fabric to modify fabric outer surface. Laser fading, Hand sand brushing and Potassium permanganate (P.P) spraying etc are applied on denim for fading. In this research work, the properties of Modern (Laser) and conventional fading process (Hand sand brushing, PP spraying) were analyzed on denim fabric. A particular design was produced by laser fading at 130 μs. After that same design is produced by hand sand brushing with the emery paper (220, 320 & 400 number papers) and PP spraying with the Potassium permanganate spray. Reflective spectrophotometer was used to determine L*, a*, b* coordinates, the colour change (ΔE values), Yellowness Index (according to ASTM D 1925) and colour efficiency value (K/S). Physical, Mechanical and other aesthetic properties are also tested and the finding results are also compared with untreated (Raw denim) samples. After testing the sample it is found that rubbing fastness is remain unchanged for PP spraying in compare with raw denim but slight changed for Hand sand Brushing and PP spraying. Durability of untreated, hand sand treated, laser treated and PP sprayed fabrics were evaluated in terms of pilling and fastness toward washing and Lighting, using the gray and blue scale (ISO 105-A02-1987) according to ISO standard recommendations and compared with untreated one. Tensile and tearing strength have decreased in compare with raw sample. The most significant decrease of tensile and tearing strength is occurred after hand sand brushed fading.
Abstract: Fading is renowned process to develop fabric outer appearance. Difference types of fading process are applied on denim fabric to modify fabric outer surface. Laser fading, Hand sand brushing and Potassium permanganate (P.P) spraying etc are applied on denim for fading. In this research work, the properties of Modern (Laser) and conventional fading ...
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Ferrian Hydroxyl Topaz from a Carbonatite Lapillus from Thiuvalangadu, Tamil Nadu, India
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
50-54
Received:
22 August 2015
Accepted:
22 September 2015
Published:
10 October 2015
Abstract: A plate like crystal (2 x 1.5 x 0.2 µm) having prismatic and pyramidal faces is identified under scanning electron microscope attached with EDAX probe as a ferrian hydroxyl topaz with its structural formula Si4 (Si1.172Al2.296¬Fe3+2.133 Mg0.307Ca0.347Na0.335K0.293Ti0.088P0.053 SO3 0.079) 7.104 (F5.517OH5.482)10.998 on the basis of 24(O, OH, F). It is found as interstitial mineral amidst calcite crystals. The bulk composition of carbonatite indicates that the topaz was formed by crystallization from a residual liquid derived from the carbonatite lava during the course of its rapid consolidation.
Abstract: A plate like crystal (2 x 1.5 x 0.2 µm) having prismatic and pyramidal faces is identified under scanning electron microscope attached with EDAX probe as a ferrian hydroxyl topaz with its structural formula Si4 (Si1.172Al2.296¬Fe3+2.133 Mg0.307Ca0.347Na0.335K0.293Ti0.088P0.053 SO3 0.079) 7.104 (F5.517OH5.482)10.998 on the basis of 24(O, OH, F). It ...
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Factors Associated with Parent-Adolescent Communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health Issues Among Secondary and Preparatory School Students in Mekelle City, North Ethiopia
Zemenu Yohannes,
Yonas Girma,
Shimels Hussien,
Bazezew Fekad
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
55-61
Received:
11 July 2015
Accepted:
25 July 2015
Published:
16 October 2015
Abstract: Background: Adolescence is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood where new behaviors are more easily learned than when in adulthood. sexual and reproductive health are among the most essential aspects of life for adolescents, but due to cultural taboo and political sensitivities, they often obtain little attention in public health policy discussion. In Ethiopia, sexual and reproductive health problems of adolescents are increasing from time to time and this is related with most parents do not feel happy to discuss about sexual issues with their adolescents and early sexual commencement. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify factors affecting parent adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health issues among Secondary and Preparatory school students in Mekelle city, North Ethiopia. Method: School based Cross sectional study was conducted among high school students in Mekelle city from August 1 to 30, 2014. High school students in Mekelle of age 10-19 years enrolled in grade 9th-12th for the academic year 2013-2014 was selected from the source population using multistage sampling. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 537 Students from 9th–12th grades. Data were entered using Epi Info version 3.5.1 was exported and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify independent predictors of adolescent- parent communications. Results: More than half (57.6%) respondents had discussed on sexual and reproductive health issues with their parents. In the multivariate analysis adolescents who had illiterate mother were found to be 0.43 and 0.46 times less likely to have communication on sexual and reproductive health issues than such adolescent with mothers who have attained secondary and higher degree and/or qualification, respectively (AOR=0.43; 95% CI: 0.22-0.84) and (AOR=0.46; 95%CI: 0.24-0.89).Those adolescents communicate HIV/AIDS with relatives (aunts, uncles, grand-mothers and grand-fathers) 4 times more likely to discuss sexual and reproductive health issues than such adolescents who communicate with peers (AOR=3.94, 95%CI: 1.98, 7.82), These Adolescents discussed sexual intercourse 3 times more likely to communicate sexual and reproductive health than such adolescent who don’t communicate (AOR=2.88, 95%CI: 1.89-4.38). Conclusion and recommendations: In this study parent-adolescent communications on sexual and reproductive health issues were low.so that it is vital to develop a comprehensive national adolescent sexual and reproductive health and development strategy to implement in school, family and community level to increase parent-adolescent communication.
Abstract: Background: Adolescence is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood where new behaviors are more easily learned than when in adulthood. sexual and reproductive health are among the most essential aspects of life for adolescents, but due to cultural taboo and political sensitivities, they often obtain little attention in public health poli...
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Recent Changes in Rainfall, Temperature and Number of Rainy Days over Northern Oromia Zone, Ethiopia
Asaminew Teshome Game,
Diriba Korecha (PhD)
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
62-70
Received:
20 August 2015
Accepted:
1 September 2015
Published:
16 October 2015
Abstract: Agriculture is one of the sectors most vulnerable to climate change impact. The main economy of the study area is mainly dependent on rain-fed agriculture, the failure or the goodness of seasonal and annual rainfall amount is extremely critical because the study areas socio economic functioning particularly, food production. Changes in annual, June–September and March–May rainfall and rainy days herein (defined as a day with rainfall greater than 0.1 mm) have been analyzed based on 4 stations located in North Oromia zone (R4) of different climatic zones for the common period 1982–2014. The aim of this study was to characterize the climate of the study areas. This study was conducted in Northern Oromia region part of Ethiopia. Historical climate data (1982-2014), were collected from National Meteorological Agency. Instat+v.3.37 and Excel 2010 were used for analysis of rainfall and temperature variability and trend analysis. Time series anomaly plots for temperature showed that the mean maximum temperature over Filiklik, Werejarso, Gerbeguracha and Fitche has increased by about 0.5 to 2ºc, 0.5 to 1.55oc and 0.5 to 1.5oc and 0.5 to 1.5 oc respectively. Whereas minimum temperature also increased by 0.5 to 2oc, 0.5 to 1.5oc and 0.5 to 1.5oc over Filiklik, Gerbeguracha and Fitche respectively but in the past few recent years minimum temperature showed slight decrement at Werejarso. While the rainfall amount and number of rainy days showed slight variability during the period of 1982-2014. The number of rainy days shows that decrement by 5.8% and 4.2% over Filiklik and Werejarso. On the hand numbers of rainy days were stationary over Gerbeguracha and Fitche for the last thirty two years. Strengthen of further research on the impact of climate change and variability on different socio-economic activities of the societies is very crucial.
Abstract: Agriculture is one of the sectors most vulnerable to climate change impact. The main economy of the study area is mainly dependent on rain-fed agriculture, the failure or the goodness of seasonal and annual rainfall amount is extremely critical because the study areas socio economic functioning particularly, food production. Changes in annual, June...
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Experimental Investigation on Weld Ability of Cast Iron
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
71-75
Received:
11 March 2015
Accepted:
6 July 2015
Published:
22 October 2015
Abstract: Welding cast iron is used in ships, bridges, pressure vessels, industrial machinery, automobile, rolling stock and many other fields. Problems associated with welding are common issues in these fields. A Study was conducted to investigate Weldability of grey cast iron, as grey cast iron contains graphite in flake form, carbon can readily be introduced into the weld pool, causing weld metal embrittlement and Grey cast iron welds are subject to the formation of porosity and the cold cracking susceptibility of welds. When we observed that gray cast iron is welded non uniform heating and cooling in weld metal and in base metal generates harder Heat Affected Zone (HAZ), cold crack susceptibility and residual stress in weldement. Different methods investigate experimentally to minimize above difficulties. Those methods for reducing the effects of above problems were, minimize base metal dilution, compensate for shrinkage stresses, and the use of low strength filler metals to reduce cracking without sacrificing overall joint strength. Main while the beast type of arc welding electrodes for welding of grey cast iron are nickel and nickel-iron types have been used with or without preheating and / or post weld heat treatment. At the same time Cast iron and steel electrodes must be used with high preheats (530°C) to prevent cracking and the formation of hard deposits. The other mechanisms to improve Weldability of gray cast iron are Pre heating and/or Post heating of the base metal was experimentally employed and investigated.
Abstract: Welding cast iron is used in ships, bridges, pressure vessels, industrial machinery, automobile, rolling stock and many other fields. Problems associated with welding are common issues in these fields. A Study was conducted to investigate Weldability of grey cast iron, as grey cast iron contains graphite in flake form, carbon can readily be introdu...
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A Universal Process: How Mind and Matter Seem to Work
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
76-81
Received:
16 November 2015
Accepted:
25 November 2015
Published:
14 December 2015
Abstract: There are scientific reports suggesting striking similarities between the structures of networked systems, ranging from the tiny brain cells to atoms, to the Internet, and all the way up to even the galaxies. It is further argued that the similarities might be due to the existence of a universal natural growth process. At the microscopic level we do not yet know what that mechanism might be, however, we do have some significant clues at the macroscopic level, which do indicate that both mind (a network of the brain cells) and matter (i.e., network of atoms, molecules, planets, and galaxies) operate similarly. This article attempts to briefly explain such similarities using an abstract growth process and a structural representation along with some general concepts from computing, cognitive and natural sciences. This operational structure is well aligned with the latest empirical research on cognitive psychology and neuroscience. Technology tools whose pedagogical use is also aligned with our operational structure of the mind have been found to consistently increase student engagement and achievement in secondary schools. The same growth process and structural representation seem to describe the behavior and growth of the matter in the universe in many ways we can all relate to. Our interdisciplinary experience and analysis of analogies in different fields offer support to reports by the physicists and biologists about existence of a universal growth mechanism.
Abstract: There are scientific reports suggesting striking similarities between the structures of networked systems, ranging from the tiny brain cells to atoms, to the Internet, and all the way up to even the galaxies. It is further argued that the similarities might be due to the existence of a universal natural growth process. At the microscopic level we d...
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