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Percentage of Hemoglobin A1C(HbA1c) as an Indicator of Pre-Diabetic Condition in Impaired Glucose Level Patients
Binay Kumar Raut,
Mukesh Kumar Jha,
Sapana Koju,
Kishor Khanal,
Shyam Sundar Malla
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
59-62
Received:
16 June 2014
Accepted:
28 June 2014
Published:
30 June 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajim.20140204.11
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Abstract: Background: The high prevalence of diabetes mellitus has emerged as a worldwide public health problem in the past 20 years. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes, estimated to account for 85–90% of diabetes. Hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA1c) has been widely used as a clinically important assessment tool for outcome analyses related to glycemic control. The HbA1c test has been shown to predict the risk for the development of many of the chronic complications in diabetes. Objectives: The study was undertaken to find out if HbA1c levels can be used as indicator of the pre-diabetic condition in patients with impaired blood sugar levels around Kathmandu valley and to find out the percentage of HbA1c in those patients. Also a correlation analysis with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) levels was carried out. Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences. A total of 102 patients with impaired blood glucose levels participated in the study. Estimation of HbA1c was performed by using a commercial NycoCard Kit, a rapid in vitro test for the measurement of glycated hemoglobin in human blood. Results: The mean % of HbA1c was found to be 6.44902 amongst the 102 patients and no correlation was found to be observed between HbA1c with IFG and IGT values. Conclusion: In conclusion HbA1c % proved to be a valuable indicator of the pre-diabetic condition and could contribute to understanding the role of the various risk factors of dietary, social and physical nature in the development of diabetes.
Abstract: Background: The high prevalence of diabetes mellitus has emerged as a worldwide public health problem in the past 20 years. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes, estimated to account for 85–90% of diabetes. Hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA1c) has been widely used as a clinically important assessment tool for outcome analyses related to glycemic...
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A Patient with Drug-Induced Hepatic Injury Caused by a Switch to Generic Bezafibrate
Makoto Irie,
Kaoru Iwata,
Akira Anan,
Naoaki Tsuchiya,
Atsushi Fukunaga,
Kazuhide Takata,
Tanaka Takashi,
Keiji Yokoyama,
Daisuke Morihara,
Yasuaki Takeyama,
Satoshi Shakado,
Tetsuro Sohda,
Shotaro Sakisaka
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
63-66
Received:
23 May 2014
Accepted:
9 July 2014
Published:
20 July 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajim.20140204.12
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Abstract: A 76-year-old woman with primary biliary cirrhosis and hypertension had been treated with a combination of oral ursodeoxycholic acid, bezafibrate and benidipine hydrochloride. After switching from brand name to generic bezafibrate, her liver injury became exacerbated. Her lymphocytes reacted with generic bezafibrate on a drug-lymphocyte stimulation test (DLST), indicating that her liver injury was likely caused by the switch to generic bezafibrate. Treatment with this agent was stopped, improving her liver function. These findings indicate that all forms of bezafibrate are not equal, that this generic formulation caused liver injury to this patient, and that DLST was useful diagnostically.
Abstract: A 76-year-old woman with primary biliary cirrhosis and hypertension had been treated with a combination of oral ursodeoxycholic acid, bezafibrate and benidipine hydrochloride. After switching from brand name to generic bezafibrate, her liver injury became exacerbated. Her lymphocytes reacted with generic bezafibrate on a drug-lymphocyte stimulation...
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Neurohistopathological Findings of the Effects of Amprolium on the Brain and Spinal Cord Changes in the a Animal Model: An Experimental Study
Reza Sedaghat,
Javad Javanbakht
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
67-71
Received:
31 May 2014
Accepted:
15 July 2014
Published:
30 July 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajim.20140204.13
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Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the polioencephalomalacia induced with amprolium in goats: pathologic changes of the central nervous system. Eight apparently healthy goats of 6 to 9 weeks of age were drenched with amprolium (200 mg/kg body weight) till the development of clinical signs. Three goats of the same age group were drenched with tap water only and these served as controls. Amprolium drenched goats were allowed to die after the onset of clinical signs and control goats were euthanised after the death of amprolium fed goats. At the time of development of typical clinical signs of cerebrocortical necrosis (CCN) the goats were killed and necropsied and a complete histopathologic examination was performed. At necropsy of the four goats, large necrotic lesion was found in the cerebral cortex, and tissue thiamine levels decreased significantly, especially in cerebrum and cerebellum. However, the brain as a whole in all experimental animals, exhibited moderate to severe congestion, oedema and numerous small yellowish foci of varying sizes scattered on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres.Microscopic changes in the brain were limited to gray matter structures of cerebral and cerebellar cortex, caudal colliculi of mid brain, thalamus, cerebellum and spinal cord. There was shrinkage of neurons, perivascular and pericellular edema, necrosis of neurons, satellitosis, glial nodule, gliosis, middle laminar necrosis and deep laminar edema. Blood vessel walls were thickened due to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of endothelial and adventitial cells. Swollen and prominent capillary epithelium, satellitosis, presence of ghost cells, gliosis and perivascular cuffing were also observed but only in some of the animals. In the cerebellar cortex, there was degeneration of Purkinje cells. The caudal colliculi of mid brain showed bilateral malacia. To the best of our knowledge, these researchers questioned the hypothesis that the amprolium could be the major factor causing polioencephalomalacia. This is the first documentation of Amprolium-Induced cerebrocortical necrosis on goat in Iran.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the polioencephalomalacia induced with amprolium in goats: pathologic changes of the central nervous system. Eight apparently healthy goats of 6 to 9 weeks of age were drenched with amprolium (200 mg/kg body weight) till the development of clinical signs. Three goats of the same age group were drenched with tap ...
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The Frequency and Etiology of Recurrent Apthous Stomatitis in Helicobacter Pylori Positive Patients
Ayşe Neslin Akkoca,
Zeynep Tuba Özdemir,
Serdar Yanık,
Seçil Günher Arıca,
Hülya Yalçin,
Gül Soylu Özler
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
72-78
Received:
25 June 2014
Accepted:
25 July 2014
Published:
30 July 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajim.20140204.14
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Abstract: Objective: Recurrent aphthous ulcerations (RAU) is a disease characterized by recurrent painful ulcerations of the oral mucosa. The etiopathogenesis of the disease still unknown, and recently the role of Helicobacter pylori (HP) is overlooked. RAU frequency and etiologic factors of HP positive patients have been investigated in this study. Materials and Methods: 64 patients who attended to Mustafa Kemal University Department of Nuclear Medicine and presented with positive HP were included in the study. A questionnaire about sociodemographic characteristics and etiologies for RAU was administered to the patients. Results: The mean age of 64 patients determined a HP infection with C- 14 urea breath test was 54.1 ± 19.3. 35(54.7% ) of 64 patients were females , 29( 45.3 % ) of 64 patients were males . Smoking prevalence rate were 65.6%. 43.8 % of patients had RAU 1-3 times per year , 35.9 % more than 3 times. 35.9 % of the patients had RAU in tongue, 28.1% of the patients had RAU on lips, tongue and cheek. 42% of the patients had minor, 51.6 % of patients had major, 6.4% of patients had herpetiform ulcers. The average degree of pain ( score out of ten ) were found 7.39 ± 1.54 . There was correlation between the number of aphthae in the past year and the degree of pain. The degree of pain in herpetiform ulcers were higher. Familial history was found to be 32.8%. 68.7 % of the patients had reflux. 51.6 % of the patients declared hoarseness. Conclusion: High incidence of RAU in HP positive patients and patients with reflux may cause the idea that HP may be suspected to be an etiologic factor of RAU.
Abstract: Objective: Recurrent aphthous ulcerations (RAU) is a disease characterized by recurrent painful ulcerations of the oral mucosa. The etiopathogenesis of the disease still unknown, and recently the role of Helicobacter pylori (HP) is overlooked. RAU frequency and etiologic factors of HP positive patients have been investigated in this study. Material...
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An Autopsic Examination Case of Diagnosed Brugada Syndrome
Satoshi Furukawa,
Satomu Morita,
Hayato Okunaga,
Lisa Wingenfeld,
Akari Takaya,
Tokiko Nakagawa,
Ikuo Sakaguchi,
Yoshio Yamamoto,
Takasi Ashihara,
Minoru Horie,
Katsuji Nishi,
Masahito Hitosugi
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
79-82
Received:
17 July 2014
Accepted:
30 July 2014
Published:
10 August 2014
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajim.20140204.15
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Abstract: Brugada syndrome is a cardiac disorder characterized by typical ECG alterations, and it is associated with a high risk for sudden cardiac death, affecting young subjects with structurally normal hearts. The prevalence of this disorder is still uncertain, presenting marked geographical differences. The syndrome has a genetic basis, and several mutations have been identified in genes encoding subunits of cardiac sodium, potassium, and calcium channels, as well as in genes involved in the trafficking or regulation of these channels. We experienced an autopsy case of the sudden death by diagnosed Brugada syndrome. We present the case report and autopsic findings.
Abstract: Brugada syndrome is a cardiac disorder characterized by typical ECG alterations, and it is associated with a high risk for sudden cardiac death, affecting young subjects with structurally normal hearts. The prevalence of this disorder is still uncertain, presenting marked geographical differences. The syndrome has a genetic basis, and several mutat...
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