-
Feed Utilization and Growth Performance of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu Fed Untreated or Urea Treated Rice Straws as Hay Replacement in Traditional Feedlot System
Edson Henry Kilyenyi,
Daniel Elius Mushi,
Sebastian Wilson Chenyambuga
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
11-18
Received:
14 April 2023
Accepted:
4 May 2023
Published:
17 May 2023
Abstract: This study evaluated the effects of complete or partial replacement of Cenchrus ciliaris hay with untreated or urea treated rice straws on feed intake, growth performance, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and gross margin of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu (TSHZ) cattle under feedlot condition. A total of 50 bulls with age of 2.5 - 3.0 years and mean initial weight of 132.4 ± 26.7 kg were assigned randomly to five treatments i.e. 100% Cenchrus ciliaris hay (CCH), 100% untreated rice straws (URS), 100% urea treated rice straws (TRS), 50% untreated rice straw + 50% C. ciliaris hay (URH) and 50% treated rice straw + 50% C. ciliaris (TRH). All animals were supplemented with a diet comprised of 53% maize bran, 25% molasses, 20% sunflower seed cake, 1.5% mineral premix and 0.5% table salt. The results show that average daily gain and weight gain did not differ (p > 0.05) among the treatments. However, animals on TRH showed the highest growth rate (770.0 ± 0.1 g/day) and weight gain (64.7 ± 4.4 kg), followed by those on TRS (growth rate = 725.0 ± 0.1 g/day, weight gain = 60.9 ± 4.4 kg) while those on URS had the lowest growth rate (599.0 ± 0.1 g/day) and weight gain (50.3 ± 4.4 kg). Animals fed TRS (9.8 ± 0.1) and TRH (8.9 ± 0.1) had lower (p ≤ 0.001) FCR than those fed CCH (10.3 ± 0.1), URS (11.9 ± 0.1) and URH (10.4 ± 0.1). The highest gross margin was obtained on animals under TRS (TZS 154,293.00) while the lowest was found on animals under CCH (TZS 120,450.00). Partial or complete replacement of hay with treated or untreated rice straws resulted into higher growth performance than feeding hay alone. Feeding animals with urea treated rice straws resulted into higher growth performance and better feed utilization compared to feeding hay or untreated rice straws. It is concluded that complete replacement of hay with urea treated rice straws resulted into high growth rate, lower FCR and high gross margin, hence, it is recommended as the best basal diet for fattening of TSHZ under traditional feedlot system.
Abstract: This study evaluated the effects of complete or partial replacement of Cenchrus ciliaris hay with untreated or urea treated rice straws on feed intake, growth performance, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and gross margin of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu (TSHZ) cattle under feedlot condition. A total of 50 bulls with age of 2.5 - 3.0 years and mean initial we...
Show More
-
Estimation Genetic Parameters of Semen Quality Traits in Iranian Holstein Bulls
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
19-25
Received:
16 April 2023
Accepted:
16 May 2023
Published:
31 May 2023
Abstract: For the design of any successful breeding program, knowledge about semen quality traits is greatly important and per-required. Reproductive performance is of paramount economic importance in the livestock industry, including dairy cattle production. Despite the importance of the quality of semen used in artificial insemination to the reproductive success of dairy herds, few studies have estimated the extent of genetic variability in semen quality traits. In this study, records collected by Jahed (station 1) and Sheykh Hasan (station 2) breeder centers from 1991 to 2013, were used to estimate variance components, heritability, and repeatability for sperm quality traits. Records information was analyzed by wombat software. Data were analyzed by using the repeatability model in three models, first by year-season-station, secondary by station, and third by year. In the first model, maximum heritability and repeatability (0.9755) estimated the total number of sperm in milt ejaculation trait. In the second model, maximum heritability (0.96), that was in Jahed center, estimated for total number sperm in milt ejaculation, maximum repeatability (1), that was in Jahed center, too, estimated for sperm volume and maximum repeatability (1), that was in both breeding centers, estimated for motility to post-thaw motile ratio trait. In the third model, maximum heritability and repeatability (0.54), estimated for (liveafmil) trait. Maximum heritability and repeatability estimates for the total number of post-thaw motile sperm per milt ejaculation trait were 0.19 and 0.32, respectively. The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters of semen quality traits using data from routine semen collection in the Iranian Holstein.
Abstract: For the design of any successful breeding program, knowledge about semen quality traits is greatly important and per-required. Reproductive performance is of paramount economic importance in the livestock industry, including dairy cattle production. Despite the importance of the quality of semen used in artificial insemination to the reproductive s...
Show More
-
Determinants and Resource-Use Efficiency of Catfish Production in Kumbotso Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria
Shu'aib Ahmad Usman,
Ibrahim Saifullahi Mustapha,
Alhassan Ahmad,
Mahmud Mubarak,
Musa Junaidu,
Nalami Muhammad Zarewa,
Ukashat Shamsu Musa
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
26-30
Received:
7 September 2022
Accepted:
4 October 2022
Published:
15 June 2023
Abstract: The study was carried out to determine the efficiency of resource use for catfish production in Kumbotso Local Government Area, Kano State, Nigeria. From the study area, Guringawa, Kumbotso, Panshekara, Mariri and Danmaliki wards were purposively selected due to high concentration. A list collected from the Department of Agriculture consists of 95 Catfish producers and 65% of them were randomly selected using balloting, making a total of 62 respondents. Data collected from catfish producers were analyzed using regression analysis of the production function model. Results of the study revealed that; catfish producers had a mean age of 34, mean household size of 6 individuals, mean years of education of 7 and mean years of experience of 4. The study also revealed that there is significant relationship between the inputs used for production of catfish and the output. Feed and pond size were found to have significant effect at 1%, fingerlings at 5% and labour at 10%. While fuel, lime and antibiotics were not significant. The result also revealed that labour and lime were over-utilized, while feed, pond, fingerlings, fuel and antibiotics were under-utilized. Cost of feeds was the major constraint to catfish production in the area. The study recommended that catfish producers should adjust the use of production inputs so as to achieve efficiency which will increase their output as well as income which will in turn improve their standard of living. Fish farmers should also be trained by government and NGOs in feed formulation techniques to make feed by themselves.
Abstract: The study was carried out to determine the efficiency of resource use for catfish production in Kumbotso Local Government Area, Kano State, Nigeria. From the study area, Guringawa, Kumbotso, Panshekara, Mariri and Danmaliki wards were purposively selected due to high concentration. A list collected from the Department of Agriculture consists of 95 ...
Show More
-
The Eggs Turning Frequencies and Turning Angle During Incubation
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
31-34
Received:
6 February 2023
Accepted:
16 May 2023
Published:
15 June 2023
Abstract: The aim of this study was to standardize the turning frequencies for incubator manufacture to achieve maximum profitability for poultry industry. The eggs (n=2692800) from Ross, Cobb and IR SP01, 02, 03 (Young Flocks 24-30 weeks), SP04 (Prime flock 31+), SP165, ZF168, JV-06, SP173 (Old flocks 51+) and molted flocks (60+ weeks) flocks SSF24, SSF25, SSF26, SP162, SP167 were collected and divided into two groups (control & experimental). In control group the turning duration was 45 minutes for day (1-6), from 7 to 19th day the turning duration was between two consecutive turnings was 60 minutes. The turning angle 45°was same for all incubation days in setters. The time between two consecutive turnings at 180° was one minute from day (1-16th), 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes for day (17th, 18th, and 19th) respectively. The fans rotations were also same inside incubators 55 minutes clockwise and 5 minutes anticlockwise for all incubation days. In Experimental group (G-B) the eggs turning was performed after every 45 minutes for the first six days (0-6 days), (from 7-13th days) the eggs turning was performed after every 60 minutes, (14-15 day) the eggs turning was after every 55 minutes, (16th day) the turning was after 50 minutes and last three days (17-19 days) in setters the eggs turning was after 45 minutes. The turning angle 45°was same for all incubation days in setters. The fans rotations were also same inside incubators 55 minutes clockwise and 5 minutes anticlockwise for all incubation days (table 2) Group-B. The time between two consecutive turnings at 180° was one minute from day (1-16) and 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes for (17, 18, and 19 days) respectively. The hatchery parameters fertility (94.10 ± 0.49 a, 93.82 ± 0.48a), Hatchability (86.04 ± 1.42a, 86.76 ± 1.18a), candling (5.90 ± 0.49a, 6.18 ± 0.48a) and dead in shell (8.06 ± 1.14a, 7.06 ± 0.95a) were insignificant (P<0.05). The embryonic mortalities e-g early (0.66 ± 0.12a, 0.55 ± 0.10a), mid (0.26 ± 0.04a, 0.28 ± 0.05a) and late embryonic mortalities (7.14 ± 1.10a, 6.23 ± 0.93a) were also insignificant (P<0.05). In conclusion the change in turning frequencies after day thirteen may not affect the incubation standard.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to standardize the turning frequencies for incubator manufacture to achieve maximum profitability for poultry industry. The eggs (n=2692800) from Ross, Cobb and IR SP01, 02, 03 (Young Flocks 24-30 weeks), SP04 (Prime flock 31+), SP165, ZF168, JV-06, SP173 (Old flocks 51+) and molted flocks (60+ weeks) flocks SSF24, SSF25, ...
Show More
-
Investigation on the Incidence of Marek’s Disease Virus in Backyard Chicken Flocks in Iran: Complete the Puzzle of Epidemiology of Marek Disease
Rima Morshed,
Hossein Hosseini,
Mohammad Hossein Fallah Mehrabadi,
Naser Sadri,
Zahra Ziafati Kafi,
Mohammad Zahed Abbasi,
Nazanin Sarvian,
Dornaz Mehinparvar Irani,
Arian Abbassioun,
Soroush Sarmadi,
Omid Eghbali,
Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
35-38
Received:
29 May 2023
Accepted:
19 June 2023
Published:
27 June 2023
Abstract: Marek's disease (MD) is an evolving disease that affects industrial poultry and backyard chickens and causes significant economic damage. Epidemiologically studying and continuous monitoring is vital to evaluate the progression and change of the MD virus and take appropriate action timely. In this study, after MD epidemiologic research on broilers, breeders, and layers of Iran, the prevalence of Marek’s disease virus (MDV) in backyard chickens of some provinces was investigated. This cross-sectional study was conducted from 2020 to 2021 in the villages located in five provinces of Mazandaran, Qazvin, Ilam, Khuzestan, and Markazi in Iran. DNA of the samples was extracted, then the prevalence of Marek’s disease virus serotypes and the presence of the gB gene were detected using the real-time PCR method. gB gene analysis was performed on MDV-1 samples collected of 50 villages and each village represented one epidemiologic unit. Fifteen epidemiologic units were positive for MDV serotypes, and the overall prevalence was recorded as 30%. The provinces with more industrial poultry farms (Markazi and Mazandaran) had shown the higher prevalence of Marek’s disease virus. Conclusively, MDV-1 is circulating in backyard chicken farms in Iran, and there is a need to properly plan for extensive training and vaccination.
Abstract: Marek's disease (MD) is an evolving disease that affects industrial poultry and backyard chickens and causes significant economic damage. Epidemiologically studying and continuous monitoring is vital to evaluate the progression and change of the MD virus and take appropriate action timely. In this study, after MD epidemiologic research on broilers,...
Show More
