Feed Utilization and Growth Performance of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu Fed Untreated or Urea Treated Rice Straws as Hay Replacement in Traditional Feedlot System

Edson Henry Kilyenyi; Daniel Elius Mushi; Sebastian Wilson Chenyambuga

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijast.20230702.11

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Feed Utilization and Growth Performance of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu Fed Untreated or Urea Treated Rice Straws as Hay Replacement in Traditional Feedlot System

Edson Henry Kilyenyi, Daniel Elius Mushi, Sebastian Wilson Chenyambuga

Published in International Journal of Animal Science and Technology (Volume 7, Issue 2)

Received: 14 April 2023 Accepted: 4 May 2023 Published: 17 May 2023

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Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of complete or partial replacement of Cenchrus ciliaris hay with untreated or urea treated rice straws on feed intake, growth performance, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and gross margin of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu (TSHZ) cattle under feedlot condition. A total of 50 bulls with age of 2.5 - 3.0 years and mean initial weight of 132.4 ± 26.7 kg were assigned randomly to five treatments i.e. 100% Cenchrus ciliaris hay (CCH), 100% untreated rice straws (URS), 100% urea treated rice straws (TRS), 50% untreated rice straw + 50% C. ciliaris hay (URH) and 50% treated rice straw + 50% C. ciliaris (TRH). All animals were supplemented with a diet comprised of 53% maize bran, 25% molasses, 20% sunflower seed cake, 1.5% mineral premix and 0.5% table salt. The results show that average daily gain and weight gain did not differ (p > 0.05) among the treatments. However, animals on TRH showed the highest growth rate (770.0 ± 0.1 g/day) and weight gain (64.7 ± 4.4 kg), followed by those on TRS (growth rate = 725.0 ± 0.1 g/day, weight gain = 60.9 ± 4.4 kg) while those on URS had the lowest growth rate (599.0 ± 0.1 g/day) and weight gain (50.3 ± 4.4 kg). Animals fed TRS (9.8 ± 0.1) and TRH (8.9 ± 0.1) had lower (p ≤ 0.001) FCR than those fed CCH (10.3 ± 0.1), URS (11.9 ± 0.1) and URH (10.4 ± 0.1). The highest gross margin was obtained on animals under TRS (TZS 154,293.00) while the lowest was found on animals under CCH (TZS 120,450.00). Partial or complete replacement of hay with treated or untreated rice straws resulted into higher growth performance than feeding hay alone. Feeding animals with urea treated rice straws resulted into higher growth performance and better feed utilization compared to feeding hay or untreated rice straws. It is concluded that complete replacement of hay with urea treated rice straws resulted into high growth rate, lower FCR and high gross margin, hence, it is recommended as the best basal diet for fattening of TSHZ under traditional feedlot system.

Published in	International Journal of Animal Science and Technology (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijast.20230702.11
Page(s)	11-18
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Crop Residues, Cattle Fattening, Feed Conversion Ratio, Gross Margin, Growth Rate

References

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Edson Henry Kilyenyi, Daniel Elius Mushi, Sebastian Wilson Chenyambuga. (2023). Feed Utilization and Growth Performance of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu Fed Untreated or Urea Treated Rice Straws as Hay Replacement in Traditional Feedlot System. International Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 7(2), 11-18. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20230702.11

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Edson Henry Kilyenyi; Daniel Elius Mushi; Sebastian Wilson Chenyambuga. Feed Utilization and Growth Performance of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu Fed Untreated or Urea Treated Rice Straws as Hay Replacement in Traditional Feedlot System. Int. J. Anim. Sci. Technol. 2023, 7(2), 11-18. doi: 10.11648/j.ijast.20230702.11

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AMA Style

Edson Henry Kilyenyi, Daniel Elius Mushi, Sebastian Wilson Chenyambuga. Feed Utilization and Growth Performance of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu Fed Untreated or Urea Treated Rice Straws as Hay Replacement in Traditional Feedlot System. Int J Anim Sci Technol. 2023;7(2):11-18. doi: 10.11648/j.ijast.20230702.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijast.20230702.11,
  author = {Edson Henry Kilyenyi and Daniel Elius Mushi and Sebastian Wilson Chenyambuga},
  title = {Feed Utilization and Growth Performance of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu Fed Untreated or Urea Treated Rice Straws as Hay Replacement in Traditional Feedlot System},
  journal = {International Journal of Animal Science and Technology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {11-18},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijast.20230702.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20230702.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijast.20230702.11},
  abstract = {This study evaluated the effects of complete or partial replacement of Cenchrus ciliaris hay with untreated or urea treated rice straws on feed intake, growth performance, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and gross margin of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu (TSHZ) cattle under feedlot condition. A total of 50 bulls with age of 2.5 - 3.0 years and mean initial weight of 132.4 ± 26.7 kg were assigned randomly to five treatments i.e. 100% Cenchrus ciliaris hay (CCH), 100% untreated rice straws (URS), 100% urea treated rice straws (TRS), 50% untreated rice straw + 50% C. ciliaris hay (URH) and 50% treated rice straw + 50% C. ciliaris (TRH). All animals were supplemented with a diet comprised of 53% maize bran, 25% molasses, 20% sunflower seed cake, 1.5% mineral premix and 0.5% table salt. The results show that average daily gain and weight gain did not differ (p > 0.05) among the treatments. However, animals on TRH showed the highest growth rate (770.0 ± 0.1 g/day) and weight gain (64.7 ± 4.4 kg), followed by those on TRS (growth rate = 725.0 ± 0.1 g/day, weight gain = 60.9 ± 4.4 kg) while those on URS had the lowest growth rate (599.0 ± 0.1 g/day) and weight gain (50.3 ± 4.4 kg). Animals fed TRS (9.8 ± 0.1) and TRH (8.9 ± 0.1) had lower (p ≤ 0.001) FCR than those fed CCH (10.3 ± 0.1), URS (11.9 ± 0.1) and URH (10.4 ± 0.1). The highest gross margin was obtained on animals under TRS (TZS 154,293.00) while the lowest was found on animals under CCH (TZS 120,450.00). Partial or complete replacement of hay with treated or untreated rice straws resulted into higher growth performance than feeding hay alone. Feeding animals with urea treated rice straws resulted into higher growth performance and better feed utilization compared to feeding hay or untreated rice straws. It is concluded that complete replacement of hay with urea treated rice straws resulted into high growth rate, lower FCR and high gross margin, hence, it is recommended as the best basal diet for fattening of TSHZ under traditional feedlot system.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Feed Utilization and Growth Performance of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu Fed Untreated or Urea Treated Rice Straws as Hay Replacement in Traditional Feedlot System
AU  - Edson Henry Kilyenyi
AU  - Daniel Elius Mushi
AU  - Sebastian Wilson Chenyambuga
Y1  - 2023/05/17
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20230702.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijast.20230702.11
T2  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
JF  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
JO  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
SP  - 11
EP  - 18
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1312
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20230702.11
AB  - This study evaluated the effects of complete or partial replacement of Cenchrus ciliaris hay with untreated or urea treated rice straws on feed intake, growth performance, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and gross margin of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu (TSHZ) cattle under feedlot condition. A total of 50 bulls with age of 2.5 - 3.0 years and mean initial weight of 132.4 ± 26.7 kg were assigned randomly to five treatments i.e. 100% Cenchrus ciliaris hay (CCH), 100% untreated rice straws (URS), 100% urea treated rice straws (TRS), 50% untreated rice straw + 50% C. ciliaris hay (URH) and 50% treated rice straw + 50% C. ciliaris (TRH). All animals were supplemented with a diet comprised of 53% maize bran, 25% molasses, 20% sunflower seed cake, 1.5% mineral premix and 0.5% table salt. The results show that average daily gain and weight gain did not differ (p > 0.05) among the treatments. However, animals on TRH showed the highest growth rate (770.0 ± 0.1 g/day) and weight gain (64.7 ± 4.4 kg), followed by those on TRS (growth rate = 725.0 ± 0.1 g/day, weight gain = 60.9 ± 4.4 kg) while those on URS had the lowest growth rate (599.0 ± 0.1 g/day) and weight gain (50.3 ± 4.4 kg). Animals fed TRS (9.8 ± 0.1) and TRH (8.9 ± 0.1) had lower (p ≤ 0.001) FCR than those fed CCH (10.3 ± 0.1), URS (11.9 ± 0.1) and URH (10.4 ± 0.1). The highest gross margin was obtained on animals under TRS (TZS 154,293.00) while the lowest was found on animals under CCH (TZS 120,450.00). Partial or complete replacement of hay with treated or untreated rice straws resulted into higher growth performance than feeding hay alone. Feeding animals with urea treated rice straws resulted into higher growth performance and better feed utilization compared to feeding hay or untreated rice straws. It is concluded that complete replacement of hay with urea treated rice straws resulted into high growth rate, lower FCR and high gross margin, hence, it is recommended as the best basal diet for fattening of TSHZ under traditional feedlot system.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Edson Henry Kilyenyi

Department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
Daniel Elius Mushi

Department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
Sebastian Wilson Chenyambuga

Department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania

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Edson Henry Kilyenyi, Daniel Elius Mushi, Sebastian Wilson Chenyambuga. (2023). Feed Utilization and Growth Performance of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu Fed Untreated or Urea Treated Rice Straws as Hay Replacement in Traditional Feedlot System. International Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 7(2), 11-18. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20230702.11

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Edson Henry Kilyenyi; Daniel Elius Mushi; Sebastian Wilson Chenyambuga. Feed Utilization and Growth Performance of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu Fed Untreated or Urea Treated Rice Straws as Hay Replacement in Traditional Feedlot System. Int. J. Anim. Sci. Technol. 2023, 7(2), 11-18. doi: 10.11648/j.ijast.20230702.11

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AMA Style

Edson Henry Kilyenyi, Daniel Elius Mushi, Sebastian Wilson Chenyambuga. Feed Utilization and Growth Performance of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu Fed Untreated or Urea Treated Rice Straws as Hay Replacement in Traditional Feedlot System. Int J Anim Sci Technol. 2023;7(2):11-18. doi: 10.11648/j.ijast.20230702.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijast.20230702.11,
  author = {Edson Henry Kilyenyi and Daniel Elius Mushi and Sebastian Wilson Chenyambuga},
  title = {Feed Utilization and Growth Performance of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu Fed Untreated or Urea Treated Rice Straws as Hay Replacement in Traditional Feedlot System},
  journal = {International Journal of Animal Science and Technology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {11-18},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijast.20230702.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20230702.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijast.20230702.11},
  abstract = {This study evaluated the effects of complete or partial replacement of Cenchrus ciliaris hay with untreated or urea treated rice straws on feed intake, growth performance, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and gross margin of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu (TSHZ) cattle under feedlot condition. A total of 50 bulls with age of 2.5 - 3.0 years and mean initial weight of 132.4 ± 26.7 kg were assigned randomly to five treatments i.e. 100% Cenchrus ciliaris hay (CCH), 100% untreated rice straws (URS), 100% urea treated rice straws (TRS), 50% untreated rice straw + 50% C. ciliaris hay (URH) and 50% treated rice straw + 50% C. ciliaris (TRH). All animals were supplemented with a diet comprised of 53% maize bran, 25% molasses, 20% sunflower seed cake, 1.5% mineral premix and 0.5% table salt. The results show that average daily gain and weight gain did not differ (p > 0.05) among the treatments. However, animals on TRH showed the highest growth rate (770.0 ± 0.1 g/day) and weight gain (64.7 ± 4.4 kg), followed by those on TRS (growth rate = 725.0 ± 0.1 g/day, weight gain = 60.9 ± 4.4 kg) while those on URS had the lowest growth rate (599.0 ± 0.1 g/day) and weight gain (50.3 ± 4.4 kg). Animals fed TRS (9.8 ± 0.1) and TRH (8.9 ± 0.1) had lower (p ≤ 0.001) FCR than those fed CCH (10.3 ± 0.1), URS (11.9 ± 0.1) and URH (10.4 ± 0.1). The highest gross margin was obtained on animals under TRS (TZS 154,293.00) while the lowest was found on animals under CCH (TZS 120,450.00). Partial or complete replacement of hay with treated or untreated rice straws resulted into higher growth performance than feeding hay alone. Feeding animals with urea treated rice straws resulted into higher growth performance and better feed utilization compared to feeding hay or untreated rice straws. It is concluded that complete replacement of hay with urea treated rice straws resulted into high growth rate, lower FCR and high gross margin, hence, it is recommended as the best basal diet for fattening of TSHZ under traditional feedlot system.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Feed Utilization and Growth Performance of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu Fed Untreated or Urea Treated Rice Straws as Hay Replacement in Traditional Feedlot System
AU  - Edson Henry Kilyenyi
AU  - Daniel Elius Mushi
AU  - Sebastian Wilson Chenyambuga
Y1  - 2023/05/17
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20230702.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijast.20230702.11
T2  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
JF  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
JO  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
SP  - 11
EP  - 18
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1312
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20230702.11
AB  - This study evaluated the effects of complete or partial replacement of Cenchrus ciliaris hay with untreated or urea treated rice straws on feed intake, growth performance, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and gross margin of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu (TSHZ) cattle under feedlot condition. A total of 50 bulls with age of 2.5 - 3.0 years and mean initial weight of 132.4 ± 26.7 kg were assigned randomly to five treatments i.e. 100% Cenchrus ciliaris hay (CCH), 100% untreated rice straws (URS), 100% urea treated rice straws (TRS), 50% untreated rice straw + 50% C. ciliaris hay (URH) and 50% treated rice straw + 50% C. ciliaris (TRH). All animals were supplemented with a diet comprised of 53% maize bran, 25% molasses, 20% sunflower seed cake, 1.5% mineral premix and 0.5% table salt. The results show that average daily gain and weight gain did not differ (p > 0.05) among the treatments. However, animals on TRH showed the highest growth rate (770.0 ± 0.1 g/day) and weight gain (64.7 ± 4.4 kg), followed by those on TRS (growth rate = 725.0 ± 0.1 g/day, weight gain = 60.9 ± 4.4 kg) while those on URS had the lowest growth rate (599.0 ± 0.1 g/day) and weight gain (50.3 ± 4.4 kg). Animals fed TRS (9.8 ± 0.1) and TRH (8.9 ± 0.1) had lower (p ≤ 0.001) FCR than those fed CCH (10.3 ± 0.1), URS (11.9 ± 0.1) and URH (10.4 ± 0.1). The highest gross margin was obtained on animals under TRS (TZS 154,293.00) while the lowest was found on animals under CCH (TZS 120,450.00). Partial or complete replacement of hay with treated or untreated rice straws resulted into higher growth performance than feeding hay alone. Feeding animals with urea treated rice straws resulted into higher growth performance and better feed utilization compared to feeding hay or untreated rice straws. It is concluded that complete replacement of hay with urea treated rice straws resulted into high growth rate, lower FCR and high gross margin, hence, it is recommended as the best basal diet for fattening of TSHZ under traditional feedlot system.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

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