Feedlot Performance and Profitability of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu Finished on Local Feed Resources in Kongwa District, Tanzania
Saning’o Gabriel Kimirei,
Sebastian Wilson Chenyambuga,
Daniel Elia Mushi,
George Mutani Msalya,
Zena Mpenda
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
78-85
Received:
26 July 2022
Accepted:
24 August 2022
Published:
11 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijast.20220604.11
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Abstract: An experiment was conducted for 90 days to assess the effects of diets formulated based on locally available feed ingredients on growth performance, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and gross margin of cattle under feedlot condition in Kogwa district, Tanzania. Fifty bulls belonging to Tanzania shorthorn zebu breed, with the age of three to four years and average initial weight of 130 kg were used. The bulls were allotted to five treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5) in a completely randomized design. Animals on treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4 were kept under confinement, fed Cenchrus ciliaris hay and supplemented with concentrate diets formulated based on locally available ingredients while those on T5 were grazed in natural pastures without being supplemented. The diet on T1 contained maize bran as the sole energy source while T2 comprised maize bran and rice polishing as energy sources, T3 comprised maize bran and molasses as energy sources and T4 had maize bran, rice polishing and molasses as energy sources. All diets contained sunflower seed cake and mineral pre-mixes as protein and mineral sources, respectively. The bulls subjected to concentrate supplementation (T1, T2, T3, T4) had higher (P < 0.0001) weight gain and growth rate than those on T5. Among the bulls supplemented with concentrate diets, those on T3 had the highest weight gain (107 kg) and growth rate (1.28 kg/d) and lower FCR (6.48), followed by those on T1 (weight gain = 96.70 kg, growth rate = 1.07 kg/d, FCR = 6.509). Moreover, the bulls on T3 had the highest gross margin (TZS 235,471). In conclusion, the diet on T3 was found to be better than the other diets. Therefore, it can be used by farmers for fattening of indigenous cattle at an affordable cost and obtain large profit.
Abstract: An experiment was conducted for 90 days to assess the effects of diets formulated based on locally available feed ingredients on growth performance, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and gross margin of cattle under feedlot condition in Kogwa district, Tanzania. Fifty bulls belonging to Tanzania shorthorn zebu breed, with the age of three to four years a...
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The Effect of Moisture with Organic Acids-Surfactant Milling Aid on the Feed Process and Quality of Pelletized Feed
Edwin Pei Yong Chow,
Ricardo Communod
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
86-89
Received:
9 October 2022
Accepted:
26 October 2022
Published:
31 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijast.20220604.12
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Abstract: During the animal feed production process, it inevitably loses water due to the high temperature applied in the production process. Feed manufactures have the objective to attain a maximum level of moisture in the feed without encouraging mold growth. Admixing moisture with organic acid-surfactant milling aid can guarantee a constant water level in feeds without harming the microbiological quality of the feed. A feed production trial was conducted to study the effect of introducing a milling aid and milling solution comprised of water mixed with organic acids-surfactant milling aid on the process and quality of pelletized broiler feed. The studied organic acids-surfactant milling aid (MNL) is synergistic blend containing ~54% of mixed organic acids and their salts with 1.95% of ethoxylated castor oil surfactant. The treatments: C0: no moisture and no organic acids-surfactant milling aid; T1: no moisture and NML at 1.0kg/T and T2: 1% moisture and MNL at 1.0kg/T were added to corn-soy based broiler diet at the mixer as top-dressing addition and diets were processed at a feed milling facility. Pellets were then evaluated according to feed manufacturing variables and pellet quality. Admixing organic acid-surfactant milling aid and/or with moisture resulted in an improvement in the pellet quality (starch gelatinization, pellet durability, moisture retention), feed mill parameters (feed production, energy consumption) and no deteriorate effect in mold inhibition compared to control. These results also demonstrated that T2 treatment group improved the overall pellet quality and feed mill parameters to much extent due to the better water holding capacity of feed moistened with milling solution attributed by the presence of surfactant in the organic acid-surfactant milling aid to potentiate the water binding during the preconditioning process.
Abstract: During the animal feed production process, it inevitably loses water due to the high temperature applied in the production process. Feed manufactures have the objective to attain a maximum level of moisture in the feed without encouraging mold growth. Admixing moisture with organic acid-surfactant milling aid can guarantee a constant water level in...
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Socio-Economic Benefits of Wildlife Conservation Relative to Distance from Maasai Mara National Reserve, Narok County, Kenya
Kipkosgei Meshack Lagat,
James Simiren Nampushi,
Maurice Omollo
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
90-99
Received:
1 November 2022
Accepted:
16 November 2022
Published:
29 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijast.20220604.13
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Abstract: This paper assessed the relative influence of distance from protected areas on the distribution of the socio-economic benefits derived from conservation areas to the local communities. The local people living adjacent to the protected areas are expected to have high interactions with wildlife which in most cases it turns out to be negative co-existence, because of the high interruption caused to the local community’s livelihood networks. Further, closer to protected areas wildlife economic costs are felt at high intensity as compared to the community living further away from a protected area. Distributive justice requires that, the adjacent community should receive the greatest reward commensurate to the economic costs they face through mechanisms such as compensation. This paper, therefore, focuses on whether socio-economic benefits varied with distance from Maasai Mara National Reserve (MMNR) in the Maasai Mara Ecosystem. This study used Mixed Methods concurrent design and that the study area was stratified into 17 sublocations. Subjects within the strata were sampled through systematic random sampling. The main data collection tools were questionnaires, structured interviews and Focused Group Discussions (FGDs). The findings revealed that 62 % of the respondents were males, 40.8 % being majority were of age 38-47 years and 65 % were pastoralists. Further, the findings indicated that there were socio-economic benefits derived from the MMNR (r = -.180, df = 284, p = 0.002) and since p < 0.01, it revealed that socio-economic benefits vary significantly with distance from MMNR. The study concluded that, there are socio-economic benefits accruing from MMNR but the model used in resources distribution seemed inequitable. The study then recommends that; the County Government of Narok should enhance the 19% policy on compensation to 35% in order to equitably cover most of the deserving cases and that the establishments within the MMNR (hotels and camps) should consider partnering with the local community especially in trade.
Abstract: This paper assessed the relative influence of distance from protected areas on the distribution of the socio-economic benefits derived from conservation areas to the local communities. The local people living adjacent to the protected areas are expected to have high interactions with wildlife which in most cases it turns out to be negative co-exist...
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