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Salmonella Enteritidis Control in Mature Laying Hens Through Dry Fed Parietal Yeast Fraction or Bacillus Blend Probiotic
John Connor Padgett,
Paul Thomas Price,
James Allen Byrd,
Christopher Anthony Bailey
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
1-6
Received:
7 January 2021
Accepted:
19 January 2021
Published:
25 January 2021
Abstract: With food safety continuing to be a concern for both consumers and producers, especially when considering Salmonella, alternative control methods must be studied intensively to fully understand their effects in live poultry. To further understand the abilities of parietal yeast fractions and bacillus probiotics to each impact food safety, a study on mature laying hens was undertaken. 48 hens were obtained from a commercial production flock at 75 weeks of age and were transferred to the USDA ARS facility in College Station, TX. The hens were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups, and fed either a mash corn soy control diet (CON), a corn soy mash diet plus parietal yeast fration composed of a minimum of 20% mannan and 20% beta 1,3 1,6 glucans (YF), or a corn soy mash diet plus a three-strain bacillus probiotic (3B). After 3 weeks of receiving dietary treatment, all birds were orally challenged with 6.6 x 109 CFU of Salmonella Enteritidis. One week after being challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis, birds were humanely euthanized, and ovary and cecal contents were removed and direct plated for both prevalence and enumeration. After plating cecal contents, a significant reduction of 1.26 log10 was observed from the CON to YF (p=0.03) and a 1.08 log10 reduction was observed from CON to 3B (p=0.04). Prevalence of ovaries was not significantly different, but numerically CON samples were 50% positive, while YF and 3B were 25% and 13% positive respectively. Prevalence in the ceca was not significantly different, but numerically CON samples were 75% positive, while YF and 3B were 44% and 53% respectively. While neither ovary or ceca prevalence were significantly reduced in this experiment with the inclusion of either treatment, both the YF and 3B treatment significantly reduced colonization of Salmonella Enteritidis in the ceca, indicating that both treatments possess excellent potential as food safety interventions against S. Enteritidis in the egg supply chain.
Abstract: With food safety continuing to be a concern for both consumers and producers, especially when considering Salmonella, alternative control methods must be studied intensively to fully understand their effects in live poultry. To further understand the abilities of parietal yeast fractions and bacillus probiotics to each impact food safety, a study o...
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Effective Quantification of Tannin Content in Sorghum Grains Using Near-infrared Spectroscopy
Yongsheng Wang,
Jie Li,
Bo Wang,
Yuting Zhang,
Junling Geng,
Li Xin Wen,
Aike Li
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
7-12
Received:
2 August 2020
Accepted:
22 January 2021
Published:
28 January 2021
Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of determining tannin content in sorghum grains with near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). A total of 110 sorghum grain samples were collected. The data matrix of the pretreated NIRS was randomly divided into a calibration set (Nc=77 samples) and a prediction set (Np=33 samples). The analysis of tannin content was based on the colorimetric method of GBT 15686-2008. Diffuse reflectance spectra of 110 sorghum samples were generated on a Fourier-transform NIRS with a scanning range of 12800-4000 cm-1 and resolution of 16 cm-1 and 64 scans. Several spectra pretreatment methods were compared to for an optimum spectral pretreatment method. The optimal model was determined according to coefficient of determination for calibration (R2CAL), root mean standard error of calibration (RMSECAL), coefficient of determination for cross-validation (R2CV), root mean standard error of cross-validation (RMSECV) and the residual predictive deviation (RPD). The results showed that the tannin content of the sorghum grains ranged from 0.01% to 2.12% DM with the average of 0.58%, and first derivative was the optimal spectral pretreatment with the lowest RMSECV of 0.14. The absorption peaks of the optimal model mainly located at 9402-7492 cm-1 and 5452-4244 cm-1. The RPD of calibration, cross-validation and external validation were 6.22, 4.22 and 3.0, respectively. The findings suggest that the established model using NIRS is effective to quantify tannin content in sorghum grains rapidly.
Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of determining tannin content in sorghum grains with near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). A total of 110 sorghum grain samples were collected. The data matrix of the pretreated NIRS was randomly divided into a calibration set (Nc=77 samples) and a prediction set (Np=33 samples). The ...
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Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis of Anthrax Epidemic in Jingxi City Guangxi from 2000 to 2020
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
13-18
Received:
27 January 2021
Accepted:
9 February 2021
Published:
23 February 2021
Abstract: Objective Analyze the epidemiological characteristics of anthrax in Jingxi City, Guangxi, and Provide a Scientific basis for formulating anthrax Prevention and control measures in the future. Methods Through the National Disease Surveillance Information Management System, collect anthrax epidemic surveillance data in Jingxi City from 2000 to 2020, and use descriptive epidemiological methods for statistical analysis. Results A total of 18 anthrax cases were reported in the city from 2000 to 2020, including 1 death, with an average annual incidence rate of 0.19 per 100, 000 and a case fatality rate of 5. 56%; the onset time was concentrated from April to August, with 17 cases reported; There were case reports in 5 towns including zhong longlin Town, Quyang Town, xinjia Township, kuixu Township and Ludong Town in 19 towns in the City, including 5 cases in longlin Town, Quyang Town and xinjia Township (I case of anthrax death in Longlin Town), the number of cases in kuixu Township and Ludong Township were 2 and 1 respectively. There were 16 males and 2 females. The ratio of male to female was 8: 1; 16 cases occurred between the ages of 30 and 69, accounting for 88. 89%. Occupationlly, 17 cases of farmers were the most common, Accounting for 94. 44%, The main routes of infection were slaughter, Processing, and stripping. There were 16 cases of infected Persons who were directly contacted by animal husbandry who died of food, Sickness and livestock, accounting for 88. 89%. Conclusion The anthrax epidemic in Jingxi City is mainly sporadic, and the population is mainly young and middle-aged and farmers. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the surveillance of anthrax epidemic, and immunize high-risk Populations in key areas and susceptible animals such as horses, cattle, pigs and livestock. Effectively Prevent and control the occurrence of anthrax.
Abstract: Objective Analyze the epidemiological characteristics of anthrax in Jingxi City, Guangxi, and Provide a Scientific basis for formulating anthrax Prevention and control measures in the future. Methods Through the National Disease Surveillance Information Management System, collect anthrax epidemic surveillance data in Jingxi City from 2000 to 2020, ...
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Growth Characteristics of Edible Land Crab Cardisomaarmatum (Brachyura: Gecarcinidae) from KribiMangroves, Cameroon
Vanessa Maxemilie Ngo-Massou,
Ernest Kotte-Mapoko,
Ndongo Din
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
19-26
Received:
19 January 2021
Accepted:
27 January 2021
Published:
23 February 2021
Abstract: The land crab Cardisoma armatum is traditionally overexploited for consumption issue in Cameroonian mangroves. However, the exploitation of this natural resource ignores sustainable management. Hence, the study aims to assess the availability and growth patterns of C. armatum in Kribi mangroves throughout some of their morphological parameters. Several individuals were captured inside traps baited once each two months from March 2019 to March 2020. Then, wellbeing, growth patterns and size at the first sexual maturity were assessed based on sex, seasons or maturity stages. Despite the fact that the condition factor (K) value overall remained below 1, females and matures individuals were in a better wellbeing compared to males and immature. In the CW-BW relationships, the allometry coefficients (b) were below 3 for both sexes, suggesting a negative allometry growth patterns which means that crabs are lighter than their body weights. In the CW-CL and CW-BH relationships, males showed a positive allometry (b>1) while females a negative allometry (b<1). Fifty percent maturity of females (CW50=58.87±0.14 mm) was significantly lower than that of males (CW50=62.67±0.08 mm). Immature and mature crabs were recorded throughout the sampling period indicating that this species breeds throughout the year with a peak between September and November.
Abstract: The land crab Cardisoma armatum is traditionally overexploited for consumption issue in Cameroonian mangroves. However, the exploitation of this natural resource ignores sustainable management. Hence, the study aims to assess the availability and growth patterns of C. armatum in Kribi mangroves throughout some of their morphological parameters. Sev...
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Relationship Between Calving Rate and Concentration of Hormones and Blood Metabolites During Pregnancy in Post-Induction Pasundan Cows GnRH
Euis Nia Setiawati,
Mas Yedi Sumaryadi,
Vony Armelia
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
27-31
Received:
2 February 2021
Accepted:
10 February 2021
Published:
23 February 2021
Abstract: Twenty Pasundan heifers were used in the study to find out calving rates related to the concentration of hormones and metabolites of the mother's blood during the farm. The experimental mother cow was given a combination of the hormone prostaglandin F2α as much as 5 ml per head and gonadotropin realising hormone (GnRH) of 2.5 ml per head intramuscular to uniformize fertility conditions and improve fertility. The mother cow is immediately carried out artificial insemination 2 times with an interval of 6 hours. All experimental cows were given forage basalt food and adlibitum drinking water. Pregnancy examination is carried out on the 60th and 150th days of post-insemination using the rectal palpation method. The observed variables in the form of calving rate were related to plasma concentrations of the hormones progesterone (P), estrogen (E), and blood metabolites levels β-OH butyric (BHBA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). The results showed that in Garut calving average rate of 90%, the plasma concentration of hormone progesterone 4.73±0.28 ng/ml and estrogen 24.59±1.91 pg/ml higher than Bogor with an average calving rate of 70%, the plasma concentration of progesterone hormone 3.46±0.71ng/ml and estrogen 21.67±1.57 pg/ml. The concentration of BHBA, BUN, and NEFA for Bogor region respectively was 12.33±1.81 mg dl-1; 23.70±2.40 mg dL; 1.85±0.25 mmol L-1) higher than Garut in a row is 10.17±1.25*mg dl-1, 22.70±2.70mg dL; 1.76±0.37mmol L-1). The results of regression analysis showed that the relationship of calving rate (CR) with the concentration of hormones conceptus estrogen (E) and progesterone (P) in garut region has a real form of linear relationship (P<0.05) by following the equation Calving rate=4772 +0.232 Estrogen + 0.643 Progesterone - 0.074 BHBA + 0.335 NEFA - 0.082 BUN with a coefficient of determination of 43.65%, while for Bogor region according to Calving regression rate=5,590+ 0.010 Estrogen +0.638 Progesterone - 0.231 BHBA + 1.11NEFA – 0.105 BUN with a coefficient of determination of 16.34%. It was concluded that calving rate is strongly influenced by the concentration of the hormones progesterone and estrogen, as well as having a close relationship with the condition of the mother blood metabolite during the pregnancy.
Abstract: Twenty Pasundan heifers were used in the study to find out calving rates related to the concentration of hormones and metabolites of the mother's blood during the farm. The experimental mother cow was given a combination of the hormone prostaglandin F2α as much as 5 ml per head and gonadotropin realising hormone (GnRH) of 2.5 ml per head intramuscu...
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