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Research Article
Factors Associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Community-Dwelling Elderly Individuals: A Re-evaluation of Systematic Reviews
Yifan Cao,
Jin Wang,
Jia Xue,
Hansheng Ding*
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2024
Pages:
234-242
Received:
10 May 2024
Accepted:
2 July 2024
Published:
8 July 2024
Abstract: Objective This study aims to re-evaluate systematic reviews on factors associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in community-dwelling elderly individuals to inform prevention and intervention strategies in community settings. Methods Comprehensive searches were conducted across multiple databases, including CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP Journal Integration Platform, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, to identify systematic reviews on factors contributing to MCI in community-dwelling elderly individuals. Dual reviewers screened the literature, and the methodological quality was assessed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2). Relevant factors were summarized and analyzed. Results Eleven systematic reviews were included in the analysis. Of these, two were classified as high quality, two as low quality, and the remaining seven as very low quality. Protective factors against MCI included the consumption of tea, fish, and shellfish, physical exercise, and social participation. Risk factors encompassed a history of chronic diseases, depression, sleep disorders, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Conclusion The methodological quality of systematic reviews on factors associated with MCI in community-dwelling elderly individuals is generally low. MCI is closely linked to various aspects of physiological health, psychological health, dietary nutrition, and lifestyle behaviors. It is crucial to focus on high-risk groups, particularly the elderly and females, as well as individuals experiencing subjective cognitive decline, and conduct psychological screenings and assessments of dietary quality. These factors may serve as early indicators for MCI in community-dwelling elderly individuals.
Abstract: Objective This study aims to re-evaluate systematic reviews on factors associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in community-dwelling elderly individuals to inform prevention and intervention strategies in community settings. Methods Comprehensive searches were conducted across multiple databases, including CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP Journal In...
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Research Article
Epidemiology of Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Sexually Active Individuals in Monze District, Zambia
Tinkler Saul Simbeye*,
Damian Mweene,
Charity M'samalia Chimwala-Selico,
Arthur Chisanga,
Adam Dawria Ibrahim,
Evason Mandona,
Pamela Mwansa,
Mary Chimwala,
Inutu Muzungu Mbangweta,
Isabel Nyahodah,
Bernadette Phiri,
Godwin Chakolwa,
Miyoba Melinda Munsanje
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2024
Pages:
243-254
Received:
29 March 2024
Accepted:
21 May 2024
Published:
29 July 2024
Abstract: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections that can be passed on through unprotected vaginal, oral, or anal intercourse with an infected partner. The study aimed to assess the epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among sexually active individuals (15-70) in Monze District of Zambia. Descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study designs were utilized to investigate an epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections among sexually active individuals aged between 15 and 70 years. Ethical approval was sought from CHRESO University Research and Ethics Committee and Monze District Health Office. Both stratified and simple random sampling techniques were utilized to select 271 respondents to participate in the study. Primary data was collected from study participants using structured questionnaire while secondary data was collected from Monze district health information office and by analyzing registers for outpatients, laboratory and MCH departments. The collected data was analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28.0 and was presented by tables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationships between socio-demographic characteristics and parameters for epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections. The study revealed that 91.5% of respondents were able to identify sexually transmitted infections in Monze District. Additionally, 69.4% of respondents reported being diagnosed with STIs, indicating a high prevalence in the district. A significant portion of respondents (27.2% to 31.2%) reported experiencing symptoms suggestive of STIs in the past year, highlighting potential undiagnosed infections and emphasizing the importance of symptom awareness. While 68.3% of respondents reported ever undergoing STI screening, regular testing remains crucial for early detection and treatment for higher risk patients. The study also showed that, while awareness of different STIs was relatively high (84.9%), there is still a need for health education to address misconceptions and encourage regular testing. The results also showed that, 56.8% of respondents had adequate level of knowledge on the safe sex practices while 72.3% of respondents believed in the effectiveness of condoms for STI prevention. The study further exposed that, many respondents (82.3%) identified stigma to be a barrier to seeking treatment for STIs. Moreover, the results showed that, many respondents (95.6% to 99.6%) affirmed that, health educational campaigns promote safe sexual practices, reduce STI occurrences, improve knowledge levels, and encourage utilization of available testing and treatment services. Sex, age, marital status, and occupation were found to have significant statistical correlation with impact of educational and awareness campaigns in the prevention of STIs (P < 0.05).
Abstract: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections that can be passed on through unprotected vaginal, oral, or anal intercourse with an infected partner. The study aimed to assess the epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among sexually active individuals (15-70) in Monze District of Zambia. Descriptive, retrospective, and cross...
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Research Article
The Impact of Different Regions and Dietary Structures on Blood Glucose and Lipid Levels
Zhang Caiping,
Zhang Xiaofei*
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2024
Pages:
255-260
Received:
2 July 2024
Accepted:
26 July 2024
Published:
6 August 2024
Abstract: Objective: To explore the effects of different regions and dietary structures on the blood glucose and lipid levels of residents. Method: 1220 examinees from Fenyang City, Shanxi Province were selected as the research subjects and included in the study group. In addition, 1225 examinees from Xinjiang Communist Youth League Farm were selected as the control group 1, and 1200 examinees from Wujiaqu City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (limited to regular physical labor and light diet) were selected as the control group 2. Collect general information such as the regional situation and dietary structure of personnel in each group, and use a fully automated biochemical analyzer to detect blood glucose (GLU) and lipid indicators (including total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG)). Compare the levels of the above indicators and the differences in the abnormal detection rates of each indicator in each group. The results: The levels of GLU, TC, and TG in the study group were significantly higher than those in control group 1 and control group 2 [GLU (mmol/L): 5.30±1.45 compared to 5.03±1.50, 4.18±0.39; TC (mmol/L): 1.67± 1.20 compared to 1.58±1.01, 0.69±0.36; TG (mmol/L): 5.02±1.71 compared to 4.72±1.17, 3.19±0.89], and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.01). The abnormal detection rates of GLU, TC, and TG in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group 1 and control group 2 (GLU: 18.43% compared to 13.64% and 2.00%, TC: 35.43% compared to 28.42% and 0.00%, TG: 14.05% compared to 5.63% and 0.00%), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.01). Conclusion: Regional differences and dietary structures are important factors affecting the blood sugar and lipid levels of residents. Balanced diet is beneficial for the stability of blood indicators and physical health of residents.
Abstract: Objective: To explore the effects of different regions and dietary structures on the blood glucose and lipid levels of residents. Method: 1220 examinees from Fenyang City, Shanxi Province were selected as the research subjects and included in the study group. In addition, 1225 examinees from Xinjiang Communist Youth League Farm were selected as the...
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Research Article
Factors Associated with Indoor Residual Spraying Programme Effectiveness in Mutare City, Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe
Maxwell Moyoweshumba,
Maxwell Mhlanga*
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2024
Pages:
261-270
Received:
12 July 2024
Accepted:
31 July 2024
Published:
15 August 2024
Abstract: Introduction: Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease causing fever, chills, and flu-like symptoms. If untreated, it can lead to severe complications and death (CDC, 2016). Recently, Mutare city recorded malaria cases after local transmission was confirmed in 2017. Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) was implemented, but coverage decreased during the 2018/2019 IRS season, prompting a study in ten randomly selected locations. The study aimed to identify knowledge gaps, preferred alternatives to IRS, the influence of competing events, and household ownership on IRS. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study with 260 participants was conducted using proportional allocation for the study locations. Data were collected via interviewer-administered questionnaires, interviews with key informants, and focus group discussions. Results: Participants were mostly female (67%) and aged 31-60 years (50%), with vending being the top livelihood (52%). Only 38% always used bed nets, 24% owned houses, and 76% were tenants. IRS reservations included time consumption (11%), preference for other interventions (9%), landlord objections (22%), livelihood pressures (14%), labour intensity (15%), exposure of secrets and poverty (12%), distrust of the team (8%), and property damage (9%). Bed nets were preferred over IRS. Conclusion: Challenges in conducting IRS included knowledge gaps needing health education sessions, which faced attendance issues due to competing events. More strategic health education and bed net deployment were recommended.
Abstract: Introduction: Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease causing fever, chills, and flu-like symptoms. If untreated, it can lead to severe complications and death (CDC, 2016). Recently, Mutare city recorded malaria cases after local transmission was confirmed in 2017. Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) was implemented, but coverage decreased during the 2018/2...
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Research Article
Exploring Varicella Vaccine Coverage and Influencing Factors in Rural and Pastoral Children of Qinghai Province: A Cross-Sectional Catch-Up Vaccination Study
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2024
Pages:
271-277
Received:
2 July 2024
Accepted:
20 August 2024
Published:
27 August 2024
Abstract: Background: Varicella is a respiratory infectious disease caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection. Varicella vaccine has been shown to be highly effective in preventing varicella disease, however it is not included in Qinghai Province’s local immunization planning program and must be paid for by families. Its use in local areas is options instead of compulsory, so high coverage is difficult to guarantee. Starting in October 2021, one dose of live attenuated varicella vaccine was recommended at lest for 3-17-year-old children in Qinghai. In 2022, it was conducted that an investigation of varicella vaccine coverage and factors influencing coverage among children in rural rural and pastoral areas to determine the impact of this VarV catch-up policy. Objective: To explore varicella vaccine coverage and factors influencing caverage among 3-17-year-old children in rural and pastoral areas of Qinghai province. Methods: A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select children aged 3-17 years from kindergartens and primary /secondary schools in rural and pastoral areas of Qinghai province for a questionnaire-based survey of their guardians. Coverage levels of one and two doses of VarV (VarV1 and VarV2) before and after a catch-up vaccination activity initiated in October 2021, and identified factors influenceing VarV1 coverage. Results: VarV1 and VarV2 coverage levels after the catch-up activity were 79.06% (676/855) and 43.79% (363/829), respectively, and increased by 34.38 and 24.13 percentage points compared with before the catch-up activity. Multivariate logistic regression showed that VarV1 coverage was higher in rural areas than in pastoral areas (OR=4.63, 95%CI: 2.91-7.39), and higher among children whose guardians scored 4-6 or 7-10 points on knowledge about varicella and VarV than among children whose guardians scored 0-3 points (OR=8.61, 95%CI: 4.73-15.69, OR=2.86, 95%CI: 1.69-4.84). the main reasons for non-vaccination were guardians’ lack of understanding of VarV (48.6%, 87 children), guardians’ unawarness of the need for VarV vaccination (43.6%, 78 children), and unavailability of VarV at vaccination centers (31.3%, 56 children). Conclusions: The catch-up activity significantly increased VarV coverage among children in the surveyed areas. It should been strengthened that health education on knowledge about varicella and VarV among guardians of children in Qinghai, especially in pastoral areas, to promote VarV vaccination of age-eligible children.
Abstract: Background: Varicella is a respiratory infectious disease caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection. Varicella vaccine has been shown to be highly effective in preventing varicella disease, however it is not included in Qinghai Province’s local immunization planning program and must be paid for by families. Its use in local areas is options ...
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Research Article
The Role of Mindfulness Meditation for the Management of Hypertension in African American Adults in the US - A Scoping Review
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2024
Pages:
278-285
Received:
26 July 2024
Accepted:
24 August 2024
Published:
11 September 2024
Abstract: The prevalence of hypertension is more significant among African American adults than among individuals in other ethnic groups. Mindfulness, an ancient technique used for thousands of years, is acknowledged as a valuable tool for improving health in various ways. However, despite its traditional wisdom, there remains a gap in understanding the standalone effects of MM on hypertension control. This review aimed to discuss the role of mindfulness in managing hypertension within the African American adult population in the U. S. PubMed and Scopus were the chosen databases for this exploration. The inclusion criteria comprised papers presenting primary data studies conducted on hypertensive African American patients, specifically reporting on the independent association between mindfulness and hypertension. The exclusion criteria included nonprimary data studies and studies not primarily focused on hypertension or mindfulness. Following our search strategy, we identified a total of 32 studies. Our review incorporated five randomized controlled trials, excluding manuscripts lacking primary data, nonrandomized clinical trials, and duplicates. Within these studies, mindfulness was administered to participants through either prerecorded MP3s or guidance from trained personnel. The observed reduction in blood pressure ranged from 7.2 mmHg to 21.92 mmHg for systolic blood pressure and from null to 7.2 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure across the five studies. Notably, one study showed no change in diastolic blood pressure. The outcomes of this review can contribute to clinical practice by offering an evidence-based approach for effective hypertension control through MM. The key findings highlight the positive impact of mindfulness on blood pressure regulation and emphasize using prerecorded MP3s or trained guidance as effective mindfulness delivery methods. These insights underscore the potential significance of MM as a cost-efficient and side-effect-free approach to hypertension management.
Abstract: The prevalence of hypertension is more significant among African American adults than among individuals in other ethnic groups. Mindfulness, an ancient technique used for thousands of years, is acknowledged as a valuable tool for improving health in various ways. However, despite its traditional wisdom, there remains a gap in understanding the stan...
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Research Article
The Vicious Impact of Antimicrobial Resistance on Global Public Health Security and the Role of Healthcare Systems and Policy in Combating AMR
Maleka Sultana*,
Noman Perves,
Nasir Uddin,
Mahbub-E-Elahi Khan Chowdhury,
Nurul Amin
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2024
Pages:
286-294
Received:
12 August 2024
Accepted:
2 September 2024
Published:
20 September 2024
Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the most formidable challenges to public health security worldwide, threatening the effectiveness of essential medical treatments and the management of infectious diseases. The relentless spread of resistant pathogens compromises the effectiveness of life-saving treatments, leading to longer hospital stays, higher medical costs, and increased mortality. This article delves into the profound and multifaceted impact of AMR, illustrating how it undermines the ability to treat common infections, perform routine surgeries, and manage chronic conditions. The vicious cycle of AMR not only exacerbates the burden on healthcare systems but also threatens to reverse decades of medical progress, potentially plunging the world into a post-antibiotic era where minor infections could once again be fatal. The article further explores the integral role of healthcare systems and policy frameworks in addressing this burgeoning crisis. It discusses how the lack of coordinated global strategies and inconsistent policy implementation have allowed AMR to flourish, emphasizing the need for robust healthcare infrastructures that prioritize the prevention and control of resistance. Critical measures such as enhancing global surveillance systems, promoting antimicrobial stewardship, and fostering innovation in new drug development are identified as pivotal in the fight against AMR. Moreover, the article highlights the importance of policy-driven interventions, including the enforcement of regulations on antibiotic use, investment in public health education, and the integration of AMR action plans into national health policies. By examining successful case studies and identifying gaps in current approaches, the article provides a comprehensive analysis of how healthcare systems and policy can be leveraged to combat AMR effectively. The discussion culminates in a call for a unified global response, underscoring that combating AMR requires not only technological advancements but also sustained political commitment and international collaboration to secure a safer, healthier future for all.
Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the most formidable challenges to public health security worldwide, threatening the effectiveness of essential medical treatments and the management of infectious diseases. The relentless spread of resistant pathogens compromises the effectiveness of life-saving treatments, leading to longer hosp...
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Research Article
Perception of Patients with High Blood Pressure in Haitian Hospital Regarding Traditional Medicine
Donnet Ervilus*
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2024
Pages:
295-299
Received:
12 August 2024
Accepted:
6 September 2024
Published:
23 September 2024
Abstract: In Haiti, high blood pressure (HBP) is a major public health problem. Many patients have uncontrolled blood pressure due to poor adherence to care, which in their case requires. In the North Department, particularly in the city of Cap-Haitian, this pathology continues to increase. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends behavioral measures such as a healthy lifestyle, a balanced diet, and compliance with treatment in order to reduce this scourge. For sociocultural and economic reasons, some patients resort to traditional medicine/natural medicine. However, the effectiveness of the management of HBP by the latter remains to be proven. In the Haitian hospital environment, professionals are committed to a merciless fight to control this pathology. Irregular control of HBP, neglect, poverty, lack of psychological assistance both in hospital and at home favor the choice of traditional/natural medicine as a first resort to modify their blood pressure figure. The objective of this article is to understand the factors that influence the psychological care of hypertensive patients in the health zone of Cap-Haitian in order to improve psychological care. It also intends to review the prevalence of hypertensive patients using traditional medicine as a curative method to lower their HBP.
Abstract: In Haiti, high blood pressure (HBP) is a major public health problem. Many patients have uncontrolled blood pressure due to poor adherence to care, which in their case requires. In the North Department, particularly in the city of Cap-Haitian, this pathology continues to increase. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends behavioral measures s...
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Research Article
Evaluation of the Implementation of the National Community Health Policy in the Bembèrèkè-Sinendé Health District, 2023
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2024
Pages:
300-305
Received:
20 August 2024
Accepted:
11 September 2024
Published:
29 September 2024
Abstract: In a context shaped by the Sustainable Development Goals and the pursuit of Universal Health Coverage, the National Community Health Policy (NCHP) stands as a crucial pillar to achieve these goals by redirecting healthcare systems towards primary healthcare. The aim of this study was to assess the implementation of the NCHP in the Bembèrèkè-Sinendé health district (BSHD). This was an evaluative cross-sectional observational study with an analytical approach. A census of all active healthcare facilities in the two municipalities of the health district was conducted. A total of 28 health establishments, were included. Activity coverage rates ranged from high for home visits (46.9%) to low for other activities. Awareness raising (89.3%) and educational discussions (100%) are well conducted, while practical demonstrations and home visits encounter challenges. No significant association was found between the independent variables and the quality of the activities implemented. The results of this study provide valuable insight into the implementation of the NCHP in the BSHD. They highlight the need to strengthen the training of heads of posts. In addition, they point to the neglect of home visits in the delivery of community health care.
Abstract: In a context shaped by the Sustainable Development Goals and the pursuit of Universal Health Coverage, the National Community Health Policy (NCHP) stands as a crucial pillar to achieve these goals by redirecting healthcare systems towards primary healthcare. The aim of this study was to assess the implementation of the NCHP in the Bembèrèkè-Sinendé...
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Research Article
COVID-19 and Service Provisions at Darou Khoudous Health Center of Touba
Papa Gallo Sow*,
Assane Diop,
Boubakcar Gueye,
Martial Coly Bop,
Aboubakry Dramé,
Abdou Aziz Ndiaye,
Alioune Badara Tal,
Cheikh Tacko Diop,
Gora M'baye
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2024
Pages:
306-312
Received:
2 September 2024
Accepted:
20 September 2024
Published:
30 September 2024
Abstract: Introduction: The objective is to study the consequences of COVID-19 on service provision at the Serigne Mbacke Madina health center in Darou Khoudous in the Touba district. Materials and methods: To achieve this objective, a retrospective, descriptive study was conducted from July 2021 to December 2021. Results: Over the period 2016-2020, the age group 50-59 years and 60 years and over rarely attended the health structure. This low attendance at the health structure was further accentuated in 2020. According to consultation by service: We note that General Medicine, TRI and On-call are quite busy over the period with a significant drop in these consultations within these services in 2020. Indeed, General Medicine went from 37,378 patients in 2017 to 22,332 patients in 2020, i.e. 40%, TRI went from 35,461 patients in 2017 to 26,080 patients in 2020, i.e. 26.45%, and On-call went from 21,880 patients to 12,008 patients in 2020, i.e. 45.11%. Between 2019 and 2020 in Medicine we noted a decrease of 27.84%, in TRI a decrease of 27.8%. For patients followed for HIV at the Darou Khoudous health center, we noticed an almost complete absence of the 0-14 age group. We also noticed a low rate of new cases before 2018 and a sharp drop in the rate of new cases in 2020, a decrease of 87.84% compared to 2019. For tuberculosis patients followed in the department, we noted a strong impact on the age group >15 years, more accentuated between 15 and 35 years over the period 2016-2020. For this same age group, we also noticed a decrease in cases between 2019 and 2020, a decrease of 10%. In 2018 we also noticed a peak in cases compared to the previous 2 years. According to the EPI: variations are almost non-existent during the pandemic, on the contrary, attendances have increased since 2016, this would surely be due to awareness of the beneficial effects of EPI vaccines and that the disease initially only affected the elderly, rare are the cases of children reported. Conclusion: The data collected as part of this study show that the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted health services and put intolerable pressure on health systems and their staff. We urgently need to reverse this trend and strengthen the resilience of health systems.
Abstract: Introduction: The objective is to study the consequences of COVID-19 on service provision at the Serigne Mbacke Madina health center in Darou Khoudous in the Touba district. Materials and methods: To achieve this objective, a retrospective, descriptive study was conducted from July 2021 to December 2021. Results: Over the period 2016-2020, the age ...
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