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Perception of the Impact of Certain Health Conditions on Driving Performance
Francisco Alonso,
Cristina Esteban,
Sergio A. Useche,
Andrea Serge
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, March 2017
Pages:
1-7
Received:
27 October 2016
Accepted:
5 November 2016
Published:
5 December 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjph.20170201.11
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Abstract: Driving task requires the joint performance of many abilities which can be altered by several psychophysical conditions. Furthermore, a large number of recent studies on driving has found that there are several conditions that may affect the ability to operate safely motor vehicles and to prevent road crashes. The objective of this study was to describe the perception of drivers about the effect of certain health conditions on driving performance. This cross-sectional study used a total sample of n =1200 (666 [56%] men and 534 [44%] women) Spanish drivers, who answered a questionnaire designed to collect data about their psychosocial characteristics, driving habits and perceptions about the driving task. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's Post-hoc tests were performed to compare data among groups of drivers. Results showed that that drivers consider that the influence of alcohol, drugs, drowsiness and medicine consumption may impair their driving, but do not take into account certain health conditions that may be common among the population of drivers, such as diabetes, allergies, joint pains, myopia, heart or post-heart-attack problems, as well as headaches and migraines, as risk-related, regarding its potential negative impact on driving performance. In short, there is a substantial lack of correspondence between driver's perceptions and behaviors with respect to the impact of health conditions on crash risk, and a growing need to raise people’s awareness regarding certain health conditions that may impair driving through road safety formation and media campaigns. Furthermore, taking into account the frequency of the health conditions analyzed and their high impact on driving, this research suggests implementing systems that fulfill two basic requirements: to improve the flow of preventive information for drivers, and strengthen the control and monitoring of their health through a joint action of the health care system and the traffic system.
Abstract: Driving task requires the joint performance of many abilities which can be altered by several psychophysical conditions. Furthermore, a large number of recent studies on driving has found that there are several conditions that may affect the ability to operate safely motor vehicles and to prevent road crashes. The objective of this study was to des...
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Comparative Study Between Plain Abdominal X-Ray and Abdominal Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Abdominal Pathologies at the Bafoussam Regional Hospital Cameroon
Nchanji Nkeh Keneth,
Samuel Nambile Cumber,
Bongkiynuy Nancy,
Shalom Jaila,
Jackson Jr Nforbewing Ndenkeh,
Mayennin Nabilatu Kinyuy
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, March 2017
Pages:
8-17
Received:
27 September 2016
Accepted:
9 November 2016
Published:
14 December 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjph.20170201.12
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Abstract: Abdominal pathologies pose serious health problems as many are associated with complications. Plain AXRs and Ultrasound are widely used for diagnosis. The use of plain abdominal x-rays has been greatly criticized. It is against such criticisms that this cross sectional and retrospective study was aimed at comparing the use of the above mentioned imaging modalities in the diagnosis of abdominal pathologies. To achieve this objective, data was collected from the patients who came for the two exams using questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS, version 17.0. Out of the 72 patients, there were more males, 49(68.1%) than females, 23(31.9%), giving a male to female ratio of 2:1. Acute abdomen (35.71%) was the major indication for the exam. The major clinical symptom was abdominal pain (100%) in all the 12 patients involved in the cross sectional study. 33(45.8%) patients had normal results on AXR while 39(54.17%) had abnormal results. Comparing with ultrasound, 20(27.78%) results were normal and 52(72.22%) results were abnormal giving sensitivities of 54.17% and 72.22% for AXR and ultrasound respectively. GIT pathologies in US registered 35(67.37%) cases while abdominal x-ray recorded 29(76.92%) cases. Conclusively, US is more efficient in the diagnosis of abdominal pathologies than AXR. However, the use of AXR in bowel obstruction, perforation, renal stones will improve US diagnosis. Therefore, the two imaging modalities should be used complimentarily.
Abstract: Abdominal pathologies pose serious health problems as many are associated with complications. Plain AXRs and Ultrasound are widely used for diagnosis. The use of plain abdominal x-rays has been greatly criticized. It is against such criticisms that this cross sectional and retrospective study was aimed at comparing the use of the above mentioned im...
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Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices and Associated Factors in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, North West, Ethiopia
Yonas Deressa Guracho,
Mulatu Agajie Amentie
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, March 2017
Pages:
18-27
Received:
10 October 2016
Accepted:
1 November 2016
Published:
20 December 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjph.20170201.13
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Abstract: Introduction: In the world more than 10 million children die annually each year, in which 41% of these deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa. In Benishangul Gumuz Regional state the infant and under-five children mortality rate were the highest among all other regional state of Ethiopia with 101 and 169 respectively. Introduction of complementary food during infancy is an important area of pediatric health supervision due to its potential effects on life-long health. Objective: assessment timely introduction of complementary feeding practice and associated factors among mothers of children age less than two years. Methods: Both quantitative and qualitative community-based cross-sectional study were conducted in seven woreda of Benishangul Gumuz Regional state on 590 infant paired mothers less than two years using simple random sampling. Data was coded, edited, entered into EPi-Info version 3.5.1 and analyzed by using SPSS version 20.0. Both descriptive and multivariable logistic regressions were used for data analysis. Results: A total of 770 women were participated with a response rate of 97.7%. The prevalence of timely introduction of complementary feeding practice was 73.9% respectively. Being Male sex [AOR=1.48(1.00-2.18)], who fulfill minimum dietary diversity [AOR=2.87(1.34-6.13)], having adequate knowledge about timely introduction complementary feeding [AOR=2.61(1.20-5.61)], were independently associated with timely introduction of complementary feeding practice. Conclusion: Although the study revealed that majority of the mothers practice timely introduction of complementary feeding but some mothers started complementary feeding before 6 month. Optimized efforts for implementing the full IYCF especially on timely introduction of complementary feeding packages will be done through the front line workers. Factors associated with early initiation of complementary food should be taken into account while designing intervention strategies and in promotion of strong community based networks using Health Extension Workers key actors.
Abstract: Introduction: In the world more than 10 million children die annually each year, in which 41% of these deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa. In Benishangul Gumuz Regional state the infant and under-five children mortality rate were the highest among all other regional state of Ethiopia with 101 and 169 respectively. Introduction of complementary food...
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Factors Affecting Female Students’ Participation on Academic Achievement in Teyara-Bora Primary School, Barhale Woreda, Afar, Ethiopia
Fikir Alebachew,
Natnael Girma,
Nuru Mohammed,
Seid Mohammed,
Melaku Ashagrie,
Natnael Taye
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, March 2017
Pages:
28-37
Received:
16 October 2016
Accepted:
2 November 2016
Published:
7 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjph.20170201.14
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Abstract: Education is a universally recognized fundamental human role in eradicating poverty and promoting socio economic development in any society. The aim of this study is to assess factors affecting female students’ participation on academy achievement; Teyra- Bora Primary School in BarhaleWoreda. The cross sectional study was conducted at Teyara-Bora Primary School, 2016. The total participants are 40, and out of which the 10(25%) are teachers 20(50%) are students and the rest 10(25%) are parents. on the other hand, 20(50%) of the participants were females, and the rest,20(50%)are male participants, so genderbalance was given emphasis in this research 15(37.5%)of the participant such as students and their parents were educated below grade -8 level where as, the rest 15(37.5%) of the teachersparticipants were diplomaand degree holder the rest only 3(30%) of them certified below diploma (certificate or 12+1 and 10+1). The majority (80%) of the participants indicated that financial problem can affect negatively the academic achievement 0f female students. 90% the participants also reported that lack of educational support from them parents and teachers were the factor that affect female students academic achievement. Similarity 50% the problems can be originated from the female students by lack of interest towards their education to participate actively. Similarly, more than 80% of the female students’ problems were resulted by absenteeism, sex and lobar abuse as well as cheating experience that noticed the participants highly affected female students’ academic achievement. This study revealed that Academic achievements as well as educational participation of the female students are very low in BerahleWoreda, Teyara –Bora school. The major in education of this may be the parents number of reputation and drop out female students are high and it continue to increase the past three year from 32% to 59%.
Abstract: Education is a universally recognized fundamental human role in eradicating poverty and promoting socio economic development in any society. The aim of this study is to assess factors affecting female students’ participation on academy achievement; Teyra- Bora Primary School in BarhaleWoreda. The cross sectional study was conducted at Teyara-Bora P...
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Antioxidant Activity of Methanol Extracts From Various Plant Parts and Their Potential Roles in Protecting the Liver Disorders Induced by Benzo(a)pyrene
Yousif Elhassaneen,
Sherif Ragab,
Riham Badawy
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, March 2017
Pages:
38-50
Received:
4 November 2016
Accepted:
24 November 2016
Published:
7 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjph.20170201.15
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Abstract: In this study, we evaluate the antioxidant effect and total phenolics content of four selected plant parts [prickly pear peel (PPP), turmeric rhizomes (TR), red onion skin (ROS) and eggplant peel (EP)] methanolic extracts and their potential role in improving the liver disorders induced by an ubiquitous food pollutant i.e. benzo(a)pyrene (BP). The selected plant parts methanolic extracts showed considerable differences in antioxidant activity (AA=57.51 to 90.73 %) and total phenolics (11.29 to 211.45 mg GAE. g -1). When all selected plant parts methanolic extracts were included in the statistical analysis, there was a positive and highly significant (r2=0.597-0.919, p≤ 0.05) relationship between total phenolics and antioxidant activity. Also, the antioxidant potential of those methanolic extracts against BP was also studied in vitro in a model using Catfish liver cells in homogenate culture. BP induced many metabolic disorders and oxidative stress in fish liver homogenate namely a significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) and albumin (Alb) content, and increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) formation after 24 hours of culture. Co-treatment of liver homogenate with BP and the tested selected plant parts extracts as well as their mixture by concentration 0.75% exhibited some protection effects through decreasing the rates of all those metabolic disorders and oxidative stress. That decreasing rates in different adverse effects was depending on the type of the plant parts applied. The highest therapeutic effect was recorded for the mixture of the selected plant parts extracts (PPP+TR+ROS+EP by equal amounts) followed by ROS, EP, TR and PPP, respectively. This study indicates that the compounds present in those selected extracts contain interesting bioactivities which improve many adverse effects i.e. metabolic disorders and oxidative stress in liver cells induced by BP.
Abstract: In this study, we evaluate the antioxidant effect and total phenolics content of four selected plant parts [prickly pear peel (PPP), turmeric rhizomes (TR), red onion skin (ROS) and eggplant peel (EP)] methanolic extracts and their potential role in improving the liver disorders induced by an ubiquitous food pollutant i.e. benzo(a)pyrene (BP). The ...
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Anti Retroviral Therapy in Public Health Institutions of Oromia Region: A Qualitative Study
Sileshi Garoma Abeya,
Abebe Megerso Adlo,
Tolesa Eticha Chaka,
Tilaye Workineh Abebe,
Worku Dugasa Girsha,
Dejene Gemechu Daba,
Mihretu Tarekegn Lencha,
Zelalem Habtamu Jemal,
Dereje Duguma Gemeda,
Shalo Daba Hamuse
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, March 2017
Pages:
51-59
Received:
12 November 2016
Accepted:
12 December 2016
Published:
13 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjph.20170201.16
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Abstract: In Ethiopia, the HIV epidemic has remained a major public health problem, mainly affecting people of prime productive and reproductive age. Retention in care and adherence to the treatment is very important for the success of the program while the treatment is being scaled up. No national or regional study gives information on opinion of the Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) service providers. Thus, this study was aimed to explore the perception and opinion of the service providers on status of ART adherences, lost to follow up and associated factors. A total of 14 In-depth Interviews was conducted between February to April, 2015. Interviewees were purposefully selected from the health institutions providing ART services in Oromia Region. The analyses followed the procedure for qualitative thematic analysis using OpenCode qualitative software. Three themes (current statuses of ART adherences and Lost to follow up, reasons for poor adherences to ART and lost from the treatment, and suggested measures) were emerged. Most interviewees perceived, the current statuses of ART adherences are improving. Work overloads, religious influences, social stigma, and perceived fear of drug side effects were the reasons for poor ART adherences and lost from the treatment. The suggested measures were involving the concerned bodies in prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS and giving special attention to the young people in learning institutions. More efforts are needed to improve adherences to ART and reduces lost to follow up. Providing professional, family and social support for the client is crucial.
Abstract: In Ethiopia, the HIV epidemic has remained a major public health problem, mainly affecting people of prime productive and reproductive age. Retention in care and adherence to the treatment is very important for the success of the program while the treatment is being scaled up. No national or regional study gives information on opinion of the Antire...
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