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Research Article
Effects of the Ready-to-Use Nutritional Supplement Plumpy Up on the Nutritional Status of People Living with HIV Monitored in the Pikine Health District
Alioune Badara Tall*,
Ndiare Ndao,
Ameth Diagne,
Anta Agne,
Boubacar Guèye
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, April 2024
Pages:
10-16
Received:
22 December 2023
Accepted:
2 January 2024
Published:
18 January 2024
Abstract: Introduction: Malnutrition is the second complication of HIV infection, and nutrition intervention programs should be a priority in the management of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV). However, very few studies have looked at the dietary supplementation of PLHIV followed in ambulatory care. The general objective was to evaluate the effects of the daily consumption of dietary supplement Plumpy up on the nutritional status of adults living with HIV who are being monitored in an outpatient clinic in the Pikine Health District over a 12-week period. Material and methods: The study included 50 malnourished PLHIV patients enrolled at the beginning of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for some and in the course of ART for others in a single test group. The daily consumption of 200 g of ASPE Plumpy up was recommended over a period of 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements (weight and height) were made at the beginning and end of the study. Results: Good acceptability of the RUSF by subjects was observed with 74% of respondents having appreciated the product. At baseline, 70% of patients had moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and 30% severe acute malnutrition (SAM). After 3 months of supplementation with plumpy up, the nutritional status improved significantly (p<0.0001). Only 47% of patients had MAM and 6% had SAM. Almost half of the patients (47%) returned to a normal body mass index (BMI). Weight increased significantly from an average of 47.1 kg at baseline to 52.08 kg after three months. The BMI also showed a clear change from an average of 16.53 kg to 18.28 kg/m². Conclusion: Supplementation with 200 g of RUSF had a positive impact on individual weights, BMI, and thus on the nutritional status of the subjects.
Abstract: Introduction: Malnutrition is the second complication of HIV infection, and nutrition intervention programs should be a priority in the management of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV). However, very few studies have looked at the dietary supplementation of PLHIV followed in ambulatory care. The general objective was to evaluate the effects of the...
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Research Article
Factors Influencing Mortality Under the Age of Five in Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, April 2024
Pages:
17-27
Received:
25 December 2023
Accepted:
6 January 2024
Published:
18 January 2024
Abstract: One important measure of a nation's level of development is its under-five mortality (U5M) rate. Notwithstanding notable reductions in the U5M rate, around 5.6 million children worldwide still pass away before turning five each year. According to the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) report, 67 children out of every 1,000 live births passed away before turning five years old. This study used data from the EDHS in 2016 to investigate factors associated with U5M in Ethiopia. The EDHS 2016 provided the information and 10,641 under-five children in total, weighted, were included in this study. Tables and graphs were used in the completion and reporting of descriptive statistics. To find important variables influencing U5M, a multi-level hurdle negative binomial model with an additional random effect was fitted. The following were found to be statistically significant factors for U5M in Ethiopia: maternal education status, place of delivery, husband/partners' educational status, place of residence, household wealth index, birth type, preceding birth interval, number of under-five children, sex of child, age of mother at first birth, source of drinking water, immunization coverage, child diarrhea status, ANC and PNC visits, and use of contraceptives. According to the findings, improving female education chances, resolving regional differences, and encouraging mothers to give birth in medical facilities would all have a significant role in reducing the burden of U5M. Furthermore, the results of this study support the idea that implementing multi-sectoral interventions to enhance access to drinking water, prenatal and postnatal care, spacing of births, child immunization programs, and contraceptive use will significantly lower Ethiopia's rates of U5M in the future. Policymakers and health planners should prioritize addressing preventable factors for under-five mortality in order to curtail and meet the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets for under-five mortality in Ethiopia.
Abstract: One important measure of a nation's level of development is its under-five mortality (U5M) rate. Notwithstanding notable reductions in the U5M rate, around 5.6 million children worldwide still pass away before turning five each year. According to the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) report, 67 children out of every 1,000 live bir...
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Research Article
Assessment of Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorder, Health Seeking Behaviour and Associated Factors Among Taxi Drivers in Addis Ababa
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, April 2024
Pages:
28-33
Received:
1 December 2023
Accepted:
2 January 2024
Published:
23 January 2024
Abstract: Musculoskeletal disorder is common phenomenon among taxi drivers. However, there is shortage of data on musculoskeletal disorder among taxi drivers in Ethiopia. This study therefore aimed at determining the 12 -month prevalence of musculoskeletal disorder in different body parts, associated factors and health seeking behavior among taxi drivers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The community based cross-sectional study design involved 371 taxi drivers from five selected sub-cities in Addis Ababa. Data on Musculoskeletal disorders experience, perception and health seeking behavior was collected through interview using the structured and Standardized Nordic questionnaires for analysis of musculoskeletal disorder and health seeking behavior. Data was analyzed using descriptive and logistic regression. Majority of taxi drivers (55%) reported experience of MSD in the past 12 months and low back was the most commonly reported pain site. Longer driving years had statistically significant association with MSD than shorter driving years. Most of the taxi drivers used health facility, massage and hot water to alleviate their musculoskeletal pain. Our findings suggest that MSD is highly prevalent among taxi drivers in Addis Ababa and the most common MSD site is low back. Refreshment training may help to reduce risk factors of MSD among taxi drivers in Addis Ababa.
Abstract: Musculoskeletal disorder is common phenomenon among taxi drivers. However, there is shortage of data on musculoskeletal disorder among taxi drivers in Ethiopia. This study therefore aimed at determining the 12 -month prevalence of musculoskeletal disorder in different body parts, associated factors and health seeking behavior among taxi drivers in ...
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Research Article
Analysis of Lethality Linked to the COVID-19 Epidemic in Senegal from March to August 2020
Alyette Carêne Bondha*,
Jean Augustin Diegane Tine
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, April 2024
Pages:
34-42
Received:
7 December 2023
Accepted:
2 January 2024
Published:
23 January 2024
Abstract: Objective: Analyze the lethality linked to the COVID-19 epidemic in Senegal in 2020. Methodology: This was a time series analysis of COVID-19 during the period from March 02 to August 31, 2020. The study population was people tested by RT-PCR for COVID-19. The data was aggregated and published on the COVID-19 Senegal site. The data collected was analyzed using R software, for description and modeling with ARIMA and Prophet. Results: This study showed that the total number of COVID-19 cases recorded during the period studied was 13,611, a median of 3,740 was recorded on June 1, 2020; on average, 4810 cases were registered. New confirmed cases had a median of 79 and an average of 73.9 new cases recorded. 87.4 cases of death on average recorded with a median of 43. On average 19.3 serious cases were recorded with a median of 15. On average, 3940 cases were transmitted locally. March recorded the highest positivity rate at 13.56% with a sharp decline to 8.49% in August. A fatality rate of 5.71 per 1000 inhabitants in March and 20.87 in August 2020. The reproduction rate was 1.96 at the start of the state of emergency on March 23, 2020; this rate increased to 1.11 at the end of our study, on August 31, 2020. Conclusion: Predicted and actual data had shown a continuous record of new confirmed cases and deaths until the end of 2020. With no change, despite the measures put in place, the hope is that the vaccine can bring a solution.
Abstract: Objective: Analyze the lethality linked to the COVID-19 epidemic in Senegal in 2020. Methodology: This was a time series analysis of COVID-19 during the period from March 02 to August 31, 2020. The study population was people tested by RT-PCR for COVID-19. The data was aggregated and published on the COVID-19 Senegal site. The data collected was an...
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Research Article
Factors Associated with Vitamin A Supplementation in Children Aged 6-59 Months in Guinea: Secondary Analysis of 2018 Demographic and Health Survey Data
Abdoulaye Sow,
Fatoumata Sekou Keita,
Sadou Sow*,
Alpha Oumar Diallo,
Jean Konan Kouame,
Mamadou Oury Balde,
Alain Ntumba Katende,
Mariama Souare,
Mamadou Bhoye Diallo,
Mamadou Alpha Diallo,
Kadiata Bah,
Amadou Lamarana Sow,
Amadou Bailo Diallo,
Jean Marie Kipela
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2024
Pages:
43-48
Received:
28 October 2023
Accepted:
8 December 2023
Published:
1 February 2024
DOI:
10.11648/wjph.20240901.16
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Abstract: Introduction: Vitamin A is a nutrient required for normal functioning of the visual system, growth, development, cellular integrity of the epithelium, immune function, and reproduction. Deficiency can be serious for children. Therefore, the WHO has recommended high-dose vitamin A supplementation for infants and children aged between 6 and 59 months in situations where vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem. Assorted studies have demonstrated a strong association between vitamin A deficiency and an increased risk of infections, visual defects, and anemia. Factors linked to mothers and residential environments are thought to be associated with Vit A supplementation. The aim of our study was to identify these factors in children aged 6-59 months in Guinea using data from the DHS 2018. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of data from the Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2018 by a cross-sectional survey in Guinea. We analyzed data from 4240 mothers who responded to questions about Vit A supplementation of their children. A descriptive analysis of the survey data was performed using Stata 14.0 software, and factors associated with Vit A supplementation were then identified using univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis was also performed, considering only factors with a p-value ≤0.050 in the model. Results: Overall coverage of Vit A supplementation was 42%, with variations according to administrative region. The mother's level of education and work/occupation, household wealth quintile and region of residence were associated with Vit A supplementation in children aged 6-59 months. Conclusion: Vit A supplementation coverage of children aged 6-59 months is low in Guinea, far from the 80% target that would significantly reduce infant mortality. Interventions on modifiable associated factors and routinization of supplementation could improve Vit A supplementation coverage. We suggest carrying out similar in-depth studies in certain prefectures in order to make a comparison and draw conclusions based on the evidence.
Abstract: Introduction: Vitamin A is a nutrient required for normal functioning of the visual system, growth, development, cellular integrity of the epithelium, immune function, and reproduction. Deficiency can be serious for children. Therefore, the WHO has recommended high-dose vitamin A supplementation for infants and children aged between 6 and 59 months...
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Research Article
Comparison of Two Accelerated Vaccination Campaigns Against COVID-19; from 16 to 31 December 2021 and from 23 February to 13 March 2022 in the Republic of Guinea
Alpha Oumar Diallo,
Abdoulaye Sow,
Kadiata Bah,
Sadou Sow*,
Jean Konan Kouame,
Mamadou Oury Balde,
Alain Ntumba Katende,
Mamadou Alpha Diallo,
Issiaga Konate,
Jean Charlemagne Kondombo,
Mariama Souare,
Amadou Lamarana Sow,
Mouctar Kande,
Sekou Solano,
Fode Bangaly Diakite,
Mamadou Bhoye Diallo,
Mamadou Pathe Bah,
Amadou Bailo Diallo,
Jean Marie Kipela
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, April 2024
Pages:
49-55
Received:
28 October 2023
Accepted:
8 December 2023
Published:
5 February 2024
Abstract: Introduction: COVID-19 is an infectious respiratory disease that can be fatal in patients weakened by age or another chronic illness. Several means have been used to prevent this disease, including vaccination against COVID-19, which has also enabled us to protect the population against COVID-19. It began on 4 March 2021 in Guinea with front-line staff, with vulnerable people, those aged 60 and over, being the first beneficiaries. The low vaccination coverage of 3.5% led the Ministry of Health to organize two campaigns to accelerate vaccination against COVID-19 throughout the country. The first ran from 16 to 31 December 2021 and the second from 23 February to 13 March 2022. The aim of our study was to compare these two accelerated vaccination campaigns against COVID-19 to check whether all the recommendations had been considered. Methodology: This was a retrospective, analytical, cross-sectional study comparing two accelerated vaccination campaigns against COVID-19, carried out from 10 August to 20 September 2022 and involving all vaccinated persons entered in the DHIS2 software during the two accelerated vaccination campaigns against COVID-19: organized from 16 to 31 December 2021 and from 23 February to 13 March 2022 in the Republic of Guinea. The data collected in the two COVID-19 vaccination databases were exported using Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 24. Results: Our study enabled us to deduce that during the second campaign, vaccination coverage statistically doubled, that there was more vaccine available with the introduction of a new vaccine (Moderna), and that more MAPIs were notified (627) compared with (269) during the first campaign, all of which were light. The seizure rate was 23% compared with 13% in the first campaign. Conclusion: At the end of our study, we found that during the second campaign: Vaccination coverage improved, the number of MAPIs notified increased, the number of vaccines was more available in terms of quality and quantity, and there was an improvement in data entry. These results will enable us to prepare better for future campaigns.
Abstract: Introduction: COVID-19 is an infectious respiratory disease that can be fatal in patients weakened by age or another chronic illness. Several means have been used to prevent this disease, including vaccination against COVID-19, which has also enabled us to protect the population against COVID-19. It began on 4 March 2021 in Guinea with front-line s...
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Research Article
School Systems in Trinidad and Tobago: A Cause of Deviant Behaviours/Violent Crimes and the XYZ Model of School Violence
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2024
Pages:
56-63
Received:
3 January 2024
Accepted:
20 January 2024
Published:
5 February 2024
DOI:
10.11648/wjph.20240901.18
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Abstract: The aetiology of violence is manifold (genetic, personal, environmental, and situational) and of major concern to Trinidad and Tobago. The school system itself (the main conduit for overall child development) might be a major contributor to poor performance, deviance, and violent behaviour. Primary and secondary school education is a strategic instrument for promoting or hindering children’s growth and development. This study aims to show the possible relationship between the school system and school performance and the potential for deviant and violent behaviour. Data were collected on the school system, school performance, and national crime levels. A literature search was also conducted on school systems, performance, and violence. Results indicate that primary school training focused on academic performance and did not cater to universal accessibility or ‘legitimate structural accessibility’ for all children, and focused on obtaining places in prestigious institutions for higher education. Since 2018, approximately 40% of the students have failed the secondary entrance assessment exam, with approximately 11% scoring less than 30%. With universal secondary school enrolment, students may be deprived further of accessibility. This may become compounded by the mixing of students of varying tendencies, behaviours, and otherwise. This continued reliance on academics satisfied the students at prestigious schools. The secondary school system brings added challenges such as the mixing of students (academics, non-academics, students with violent or deviant tendencies, etc.) of varied backgrounds and continued lack of ‘legitimate structural accessibility’. A large section of the non-academically inclined (half passing fewer than five subjects) may find themselves doing inappropriate things, eventually leading to deviance or even violent behaviour. This is further complicated by contributions from the public health system. In the public school system, students, especially those who are not academically inclined, endure further stress, anger, frustration, and eventually ending in deviant/violent behaviour. A school system with an academic focus effectively decreases ‘legitimate structural accessibility’ and opportunities. This subsequently leads to ‘non-performing students’ affecting their psyche and confidence and disturbing other students, eventually leading to deviance and criminal activity. Such a dysfunctional school system must be corrected to allow student education to be holistic. Additionally, a need exists to develop a system to screen and identify students who are at risk or display deviance, and implement corrective measures.
Abstract: The aetiology of violence is manifold (genetic, personal, environmental, and situational) and of major concern to Trinidad and Tobago. The school system itself (the main conduit for overall child development) might be a major contributor to poor performance, deviance, and violent behaviour. Primary and secondary school education is a strategic inst...
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Research Article
The Status and Challenges of HIV Services in Niger State: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Providers and Clients
Olabimpe Gbadeyan*,
Ebenezer Obi Daniel,
Adeola John Gbadeyan,
Oladele Abidoye,
Joseph Clark,
Shadrack Onoja,
Ahmed Mamuda Bello,
Michael Avwerhota,
Christiana Asibi-Ogben Inegbeboh,
Israel Olukayode Popoola,
Michael Olabode Tomori,
Adebanke Adetutu Ogun,
Oladapo Michael Olagbegi
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2024
Pages:
64-73
Received:
12 February 2024
Accepted:
26 February 2024
Published:
7 March 2024
Abstract: Introduction: The incidence of HIV/AIDS in Nigerian is on the decline, but with the trio of high inflation, high unemployment, and high terrorism in the country; lot of synergies are still needed to end the HIV scourge. Objective: The study was carried out to determine the status of HIV services in Niger state. Method: A cross-sectional survey, using a simple randomization sampling method, and the client’s viewpoint in health facilities across Niger state was undertaken to examine the challenges faced by HIV service providers. Data from 351 HIV providers, 361 clients were collected using questionnaires; IBM and Pearson correlation were used for descriptive and inferential statistics respectively. Results: The mean age of the providers was (M = 30.50, SD = 8.2). Challenges included poor salary (M = 2.44, SD = 1.16), staff shortage (M = 3.01, SD = 1.24), lack of recognition & incentives (M = 2.57, SD = 0.99; M = 2.63, SD = 1.08), others were infrastructural deficit, inadequate funding, training and materials; poor electricity and internet; lack of research and unionism among others. The non-enabling factors challenges were burnt out (M = 3.01, SD = 0.99), insecurity (M = 3.51, SD = 1.09), working extra hours (M = 3.02; SD = 0,98), migration desire (M = 3.87, SD = 1.06). Conclusion: It is highly overdue, that all HIV stakeholders in the country take complete custodian of all HIV service components; come up with a sustainable policy to steer toward HIV eradication program, by increasing the enabling factors, and reducing the non-enabling factors.
Abstract: Introduction: The incidence of HIV/AIDS in Nigerian is on the decline, but with the trio of high inflation, high unemployment, and high terrorism in the country; lot of synergies are still needed to end the HIV scourge. Objective: The study was carried out to determine the status of HIV services in Niger state. Method: A cross-sectional survey, usi...
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Research Article
Study of Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight in the Bounkiling Health District in 2020 (Senegal)
Maty Diagne Camara*,
Bou Diarra,
Mbathio Diop,
Jean Augustin Tine,
Oumar Bassoum,
Mayacine Diongue,
Ndeye Marieme Sougou,
Mamadou Makhtar Mbacké Leye,
Adama Faye,
Ibrahima Seck
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2024
Pages:
74-85
Received:
7 February 2024
Accepted:
28 February 2024
Published:
13 March 2024
Abstract: Introduction: Neonatal mortality is particularly high in developing countries. Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health problem in both developing and developed countries. It accounts for a significant proportion of neonatal deaths. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with the occurrence of low birth weight in the Bounkiling health district in 2020. Methodology: This was a retrospective case-control study of the various factors associated with low birth weight, based on women's delivery records from maternity units in the Bounkiling health district throughout 2020. Mothers' socio-demographic characteristics, obstetrical and medical history, and information on the health status of the newborn in the case group (weight less than 2,500 grams) were compared with those in the control group (weight greater than or equal to 2,500 grams). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using Épi info 7 software to identify risk factors associated with LBW. Results: The study showed that low birth weight accounted for 97.05% of LBW, the sex ratio was 0.87 in favor of girls, the Apgar score at birth was not good (below 7) for 31.43% of newborns. Teenage mothers accounted for 17.08%. Women with no schooling accounted for 71.34%, and those living in households with a monthly income of less than 50,000 CFA francs per month were 63.71%. Results of the multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors for LBW (p < 0.05) were female sex of the newborn (AOR=1.59 with CI=1.07 - 2.35), Apgar score at birth (AOR=2.79 with CI=1.77 - 4.41), young maternal age under 19 (AOR=2.42 with CI=1.43- 4.12), household income under 50,000 CFA francs, (AOR=1.97 with CI=1.27-3.04), maternal history of low birth weight (AOR=3.62 with CI=2.02-6.50), physical labor during pregnancy (AOR=1.80 with CI=1.20 - 2.69). Conclusion: Improving neonatal health through a reduction in LBW will depend on intensifying the implementation of strategies focused on adolescent reproductive health, strengthening communication with adolescent girls and community leaders on the issue of early marriage and pregnancy, improving pregnancy monitoring at health facilities and raising the socio-economic level of women through their empowerment.
Abstract: Introduction: Neonatal mortality is particularly high in developing countries. Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health problem in both developing and developed countries. It accounts for a significant proportion of neonatal deaths. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with the occurrence of low birth weight in the B...
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Research Article
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Breast Self-Examination Among Women Aged 35 to 65 Years in the Commune of Mbour (Senegal)
Boubacar Gueye*,
Omar Bassoum,
Ndéye Marième Diagne,
Martial Coly Bop,
Alioune Badara Tall,
Abdoul Aziz Ndiaye,
Cheikh Tacko Diop,
Papa Gallo Sow,
Ousseynou Ka
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2024
Pages:
86-94
Received:
19 February 2024
Accepted:
4 March 2024
Published:
19 March 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjph.20240901.21
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Abstract: Introduction: Breast cancer is second only to cervical cancer in Senegal. It has a high mortality rate because of its late diagnosis and the inadequacy and availability of treatment. In countries with limited resources, breast self-examination is still a means of early diagnosis of breast cancer. The aim of the study was to assess knowledge, attitudes and practice of BSE in the commune of Mbour. Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study that took place from 01 to 30 July 2022 in the commune of Mbour. The study population consisted of women aged 35 to 65 years who had been living in the study area for more than three months. Sampling was carried out using a two-stage cluster survey. Results: A total of 599 women were surveyed. The average age of the women was 44.3 years. Educated women represented 56.3% of the sample. Married women accounted for 81.4% of the sample and those engaged in an income-generating activity 64.9%. The overall level of knowledge was average, with 57.9% correctly answering questions about breast cancer and breast self-examination. The most frequent sources of information are the media, with television (77.1%), radio (53.4%) and written media (35.2%). Health professionals are also an important source of information, with 43.9% of women informed by this source. Overall, 78.5% (471) of the women surveyed had the 'right' attitude and 20.9% the 'wrong' attitude. We noted in the series that 10.9% (65) of women performed breast self-examination adequately according to the recommended technique. However, 22.7% (136) of women performed BSE inadequately. The practice of BSE was higher in women over 50 (72.3%) than in women under 50, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). It is noted that women's level of education had a significant influence (p<0.05) on the practice of BSE, with 69.2% of women who practiced BSE being educated. In contrast, women's marital status and the exercise of income-generating-activity among women had no influence on the practice of BSE. Conclusion: In order to improve the practice of breast self-examination, it is important to strengthen communication aimed at women through the media and healthcare personnel.
Abstract: Introduction: Breast cancer is second only to cervical cancer in Senegal. It has a high mortality rate because of its late diagnosis and the inadequacy and availability of treatment. In countries with limited resources, breast self-examination is still a means of early diagnosis of breast cancer. The aim of the study was to assess knowledge, attitu...
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