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Women, Puberty Rites and Heterosexuality: A Case Study in Côte D’Ivoire
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
1-5
Received:
20 April 2020
Accepted:
30 December 2020
Published:
19 January 2021
Abstract: Since 2000 the International Community has focused on the promotion of women with actions and recommendations on gender equality between men and women and empower women. On closer analysis, Millennium Development Goal does not explain the status of women in reproducing society through heterosexuality in which women are in a position of power. The theoretical debate on heterosexuality feeds two contradictory positions, one considering it as natural because of the natural state of the sexes, man and woman, and the other modulating its argument by a cultural construction. From the cases of observation and analysis of the "Famian Blâ" puberty rites of Baoulé Iffou and "Yikèè" of Toura, women are configured in heterosexual relationships. Women are recognized by society as queen mothers or social generators and are culturally and biologically empowered to procreate and sustain the human species. The cultural symbolism of pubertal rites is to confer girls and thus women a social status through heterosexuality. But heterosexuality falls into a form of cultural constructivism with the development of forms of sexuality supported by the promotion of human rights. Homosexuality and other forms of sexual practices undermine the reproductive status of society supported by cultural symbolisms rites. The cultural symbolism of pubertal rites is to confer girls and thus women a social status through heterosexuality.
Abstract: Since 2000 the International Community has focused on the promotion of women with actions and recommendations on gender equality between men and women and empower women. On closer analysis, Millennium Development Goal does not explain the status of women in reproducing society through heterosexuality in which women are in a position of power. The t...
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Assessement of Water Quality and Risk of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in Lungfish (Protopterus annectens) from Freshwaters of Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni, Rivers State, Nigeria
Elechi Owhoeke,
Julius Nkeonyeasua Ehiwario
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
6-12
Received:
1 December 2020
Accepted:
14 December 2020
Published:
10 March 2021
Abstract: Water quality and health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in P. annectens from freshwaters of Egi, Egbema, and Omoku communities, in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni local government area of Rivers State, Nigeria were examined. The PAHs were checked using gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detector (GCFID), while the physicochemical parameters were done using standard methods. Summary of the results from the three communities indicates that TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) mean value was 98.1±16.88 mg/l, TSS (Total Suspended Solid) had an average value of 68.5±10.29 mg/l, turbidity and pH had averages of 1.6±0.011 Unit (NTU) and 7.4±1.05 respectively. The concentrations of tPAHs were 4.415±1.34 µg/kg, 4.634±0.59 µg/kg, and 4.859±0.69 µg/kg for Egi, Egbema, and Omoku communities. The major PAHs were Nap, Acn, and BbF. The cancer risk for children was 2.1E-3, 2.3E-3, and 9.5E-5 for Egi, Egbema, and Omoku while that for adults were 7.1E-4, 5.7E-4, and 2.6E-4 for Egi, Egbema, and Omoku respectively. The cPAHs with the most risk index were DbA, BaA, BaP, and BkF respectively. The risk indexes were higher than the USEPA criterion of 10-6, indicating contamination of the fish species. It is recommended that monitoring of effluent should be done often and consumption of fish from polluted water sites should be avoided.
Abstract: Water quality and health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in P. annectens from freshwaters of Egi, Egbema, and Omoku communities, in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni local government area of Rivers State, Nigeria were examined. The PAHs were checked using gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detector (GCFID), while the physicochemical paramete...
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Trend of Influenza Like Illness in Shiro Meda Health Center Sentinel Site, 2013 to 2017, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018
Habtamu Tilahun Guadie,
Zewdu Assefa Edea,
Girma Taye,
Adamu Tayachew Mekonen
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
13-16
Received:
2 September 2020
Accepted:
11 December 2020
Published:
30 March 2021
Abstract: Introduction: Influenza is a respiratory illness caused by influenza virus that can spread very easily from person to person. The virus is spread through the air by the exchange of fluid droplets from the mouth or nose of one person to another person due to sneezing and coughing. The manifestations of illness (fever, cough, sore throat) caused by the influenza virus are usually mild to moderate but for some it could be severe, leading to hospitalization and even death. In Ethiopia, influenza sentinel surveillance has been launched in 2008 with one ILI sentinel site (Shiromeda Health Center) and one SARI sentinel site (Yekatit 12 Hosp). Ongoing analysis of surveillance data is important for detecting outbreaks and unexpected increases or decreases in disease occurrence, monitoring disease trends, and evaluating the effectiveness of disease control programs and policies. This trend analysis was conducted to characterize ILI cases in person, place and time, determine the positivity rate of the sentinel site and put possible recommendations based on the findings. Methods: We reviewed five years Influenza (2013 to 2017) data of Shiro meda health center. Data was cleaned prior to analysis. Descriptive analysis by person, place and time was done using Microsoft excel 2013. Results displayed using narration, graphs and tables. Results: A total of 1,489 cases of Influenza like illness reported from Shiro meda health center for the last five years, of which 950 (64%0 were females and the remaining 539 (46%) were males. Out of the total reported cases, 98% were from Gullele sub-city. The most affected age group was 15-44 (49%) followed by 5-14 (32%). The positivity rate of the site was 30.31%. Of those positive cases for Influenza, 20% were Influenza type A and the remaining were Influenza type B. Some important characteristics of patients are missing. Conclusion: Almost all of the cases were reported from Gullele sub-city. The most affected age group was 15-44 followed by 5-14. Influenza type A and B are circulating in the sentinnel site. Regular data analysis and supevision is required to improve the quality of data produced in the sentinnel site.
Abstract: Introduction: Influenza is a respiratory illness caused by influenza virus that can spread very easily from person to person. The virus is spread through the air by the exchange of fluid droplets from the mouth or nose of one person to another person due to sneezing and coughing. The manifestations of illness (fever, cough, sore throat) caused by t...
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Clarifying and Revealing the Gender Differences in the Relationships of Lean and Fat Mass with Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Asian Men and Women
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
17-24
Received:
23 February 2021
Accepted:
13 March 2021
Published:
30 March 2021
Abstract: Objectives: To clarify the relationships of fat and lean mass with the metabolic syndrome risk factors in Asian men and women. Methods: This is a cross sectional study of 530 and 1326 Singaporean men and women. The lean mass index (LMI), fat mass index (FMI) and abdominal fat index (AbFI) were computed with height adjustments as with BMI, and were categorized into four groups to evaluated for their relationships with the various metabolic syndrome risk factors. Results: Men have 35% more LMI, 57% less FMI and 30% less of AbFI than in women. Lean and fat mass have independent and gender-specific relationships with the various metabolic syndrome risk factors. Varying amounts of LMI in men have no bearing on the MetS risk factors. While in women, high LMI is associated with risk factors for metabolic health. High FMI in men is cardio-protective, while high FMI in women is associated with higher insulin resistance markers. High AbFI in both men and women is a predictor, possibly, of poorer metabolic health. BMI reflects the combined association of LMI, FMI and AbFI. Conclusions: The results clarify and reveal the clear gender differences in the relationships of LMI, FMI, AbFI and BMI with the various MetS risk factors. These news findings, together with known predicators of MetS such as age, physical exercise, male and female hormones, should form the basis to establish different and gender-specific management modalities for MetS.
Abstract: Objectives: To clarify the relationships of fat and lean mass with the metabolic syndrome risk factors in Asian men and women. Methods: This is a cross sectional study of 530 and 1326 Singaporean men and women. The lean mass index (LMI), fat mass index (FMI) and abdominal fat index (AbFI) were computed with height adjustments as with BMI, and were ...
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