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Integrated Sediment Management in Rivers and Reservoirs
Jannes Kamphuis,
Kristian Meerse
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
315-319
Received:
8 August 2017
Accepted:
4 September 2017
Published:
26 September 2017
Abstract: Dam instability and loss of storage capacity are just a few of many problems caused by reservoir sedimentation. With over 5000 large dams in India the impact of reservoir sedimentation is significant and therefore sediment management is of crucial importance. Where the majority of the dams have been clogged up during the past decades, the active removal of sediment from these reservoirs by dredging is necessary to regain its capacity. Sediment removal by dredging is a costly process. However, these costs can be reduced by implementing an innovative circular sediment management plan. By re-using the dredged sediments instead of disposing it as a waste product additional revenue could be generated. A consortium of Dutch companies are preparing a full-scale pilot project to implement the circular sediment management plan for reservoir dredging in India. This paper gives a brief overview of the projected pilot including a circular sediment management plan and a technical approach of the proposed dredging method.
Abstract: Dam instability and loss of storage capacity are just a few of many problems caused by reservoir sedimentation. With over 5000 large dams in India the impact of reservoir sedimentation is significant and therefore sediment management is of crucial importance. Where the majority of the dams have been clogged up during the past decades, the active re...
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Analysis and Remedies for Landslides Including Vegetation: A Case Study in Lebanon
Ali Fawaz,
Sarah Abdullah,
Elias Farah,
Fadi Hagechehade
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
320-330
Received:
18 August 2017
Accepted:
19 September 2017
Published:
12 October 2017
Abstract: This paper aims to study and analyze the instability of slopes, their causes and possible remedies. The studied slope is located in Lebanon, and it is regularly subjected to slope instability in the rainfall season. Based on different boreholes results for the same site, two models were modeled using Plaxis and Talren, they were both studied under the effect of water, excavation and seismic load. The results show that the water is a principle cause of slope instability, by decreasing the shear parameters of soil or by the inducing pore pressure due to running water between layers. Many remedies were applied, and their results were analyzed and studied. Soil reinforcements, nails and piles, were applied and as water content increased, the number of reinforcement needed was high. Vegetation and drainage are more efficient when it comes to water problems. Both vegetation and drainage were modeled and the number of needed reinforcement decreased significantly assuring their advantages alongside with the reduction of the remedy price and being environmental friendly.
Abstract: This paper aims to study and analyze the instability of slopes, their causes and possible remedies. The studied slope is located in Lebanon, and it is regularly subjected to slope instability in the rainfall season. Based on different boreholes results for the same site, two models were modeled using Plaxis and Talren, they were both studied under ...
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Material Price Enfluence on the Optimum Design of Different Structural Members
Salim Tayeb Yousif,
Rabi Muyad Najem
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
331-338
Received:
25 August 2017
Accepted:
7 September 2017
Published:
13 October 2017
Abstract: This study presents the application of Genetic Algorithms (GAs) for the optimum cost design of reinforced concrete beams and columns based on the standard specifications of the American Concrete Institute (ACI 318-11). The produced optimization procedure satisfies the strength, serviceability, ductility, durability, and other constraints related to good design and detailing practice. While most of the approaches reported in this field have considered steel reinforcement only or cross-sectional dimensions of the members as design variables and for the flexural aspect in general, the dimensions and reinforcing steel in this study were introduced as design variables, considering the axial, flexural, shear, and torsion effects on the members. The aim of this study is to find the effect of material’s price on the optimum cost of beams and columns according to the local market using the GAs, by limiting the design procedure with many constraints that control the optimum design variables to a certain limits. It was found that the Genetic Algorithms is a sufficient method for finding the optimum solution smoothly and flawless with many complicated constraints. Also, increasing the applied torsion on a beam section with a constant cost ratio r will increase the optimum cost by about 3.8%.
Abstract: This study presents the application of Genetic Algorithms (GAs) for the optimum cost design of reinforced concrete beams and columns based on the standard specifications of the American Concrete Institute (ACI 318-11). The produced optimization procedure satisfies the strength, serviceability, ductility, durability, and other constraints related to...
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Effect of Environmental Impact in Building Constructions
Md. Masud Rana,
Md. Samdani Azad,
Atika Hossain Akhi,
Gazi Md. Sharfaraz Imam Azad
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
339-343
Received:
31 July 2017
Accepted:
4 October 2017
Published:
30 October 2017
Abstract: This paper deals with the effect of environment in construction work in a particular area. Surrounding environment has immense effect in construction plan, site management, costs and implementation. On the contrary, it affects the workmanship’s availability as well as material availability. Moreover, duration of a certain projects also depend on the impact of environment. Effect of climate, rainfall, humidity and temperature are the noticeable fact in the paper. This article represents the environmental effect of a particular place in Rajshahi city of Bangladesh which is known as RUET campus. Outcome of the investigation shows that the significant effect can be observed in the various ingredients of environment as well as construction project.
Abstract: This paper deals with the effect of environment in construction work in a particular area. Surrounding environment has immense effect in construction plan, site management, costs and implementation. On the contrary, it affects the workmanship’s availability as well as material availability. Moreover, duration of a certain projects also depend on th...
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Improve the Formation of Geopolymer Concrete Mixed with Seawater and Without Curing
Abd Allah R. Abd EL-moatey,
Ahmed S. Faried,
Waleed H. Soufi,
Magdy A. Abd El-Aziz
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
344-351
Received:
27 June 2017
Accepted:
6 July 2017
Published:
30 October 2017
Abstract: Geopolymer is a new trend in cement industry, traditional cement has prompted several problems related to health and environment due to cement dust and carbon dioxide. Geoplymer, however, has attenuated such problems due to the method of manufacturing and low emission of carbondioxide. This paper examines the ability to form geopolymer cement and the ability to use this cement in the formation of geopolymer concrete in the field. Various papers have been published with concern to the geopolymer cement set the curing in an oven is constraint to the geopolymer cement formation. During this paper are studied in air without any types of curing. Also the improvement of cement by meta koline as a source of aluminium and silica are studied. geopolymer cement based on the slag has been improved as it has been replaced with 10% metakoline. After optimizing the best mix of cement (slag and metakoline). The effect of geopolymer cement content is studied. Results have shown variation in compressive strength related directly to content of geoplymer strength. Water in geopolymer cement is not included in the reaction. So, throughout the paper the sea water is used as an alternative to fresh water. Results have shown an improvement in the compressive strength as compared to the presence of fresh water.
Abstract: Geopolymer is a new trend in cement industry, traditional cement has prompted several problems related to health and environment due to cement dust and carbon dioxide. Geoplymer, however, has attenuated such problems due to the method of manufacturing and low emission of carbondioxide. This paper examines the ability to form geopolymer cement and t...
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Shear Zone Treatment at Dam Foundation Level
Ashutosh Anand,
Somesh Kumar,
Vivek Tripathi
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
352-357
Received:
14 September 2017
Accepted:
29 September 2017
Published:
6 November 2017
Abstract: Foundation is a critical element for any dam. Understanding the foundation and the required treatment is critical to developing the final dam design. However, the design of the foundation does not end with the final design drawings for the Project. During construction foundation conditions need to be evaluated as excavation and construction proceeds to determine if foundation conditions are consistent with assumptions and expectations. Adjustments to the planned excavation or to the design of the dam, including changes in the grout curtain, dam geometry, and other features are often required during construction. This paper discusses the foundation conditions encountered during construction of concrete gravity dam and the associated treatments that were required. To ensure the safety of project, foundation was treated and design adjustments were made. A 2D analysis was carried out using ABAQUS Finite Element Method (FEM) software.
Abstract: Foundation is a critical element for any dam. Understanding the foundation and the required treatment is critical to developing the final dam design. However, the design of the foundation does not end with the final design drawings for the Project. During construction foundation conditions need to be evaluated as excavation and construction proceed...
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Research on Rural Regeneration of Northern Mountains Based on Polymorphic Fusion —— Taking Laoyu Village as an Example
Gui-ju Lv,
Da-liang Liu,
Ming-yuan Zhao,
Lan-yong Zhao
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
358-364
Received:
16 November 2017
Published:
20 November 2017
Abstract: Sustainable regeneration is a way of rejuvenating and revitalizing the run-down areas to spring to life and become vibrant again by their own efforts. On the basis of interpreting regeneration theory and rural development, this paper analyzes the difficulties and possibility in northern part of rural mountain areas, taking Laoyu Village in the middle of Shandong province mountain area as an example. It also points out the characteristics of regeneration theory in the rural development of northern mountain areas through the characteristics of rural environment and the core of regeneration mode. It explores the concept of rural regeneration and planning design strategy based on rural characteristics.
Abstract: Sustainable regeneration is a way of rejuvenating and revitalizing the run-down areas to spring to life and become vibrant again by their own efforts. On the basis of interpreting regeneration theory and rural development, this paper analyzes the difficulties and possibility in northern part of rural mountain areas, taking Laoyu Village in the midd...
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Stabilization of Clayey Soils Using Chloride Components
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
365-370
Received:
2 June 2017
Accepted:
5 July 2017
Published:
29 November 2017
Abstract: Soils exhibit generally undesirable engineering properties. Soil Stabilization is the alteration of soils to enhance their physical properties. Stabilization can increase the shear strength of a soil and/or control the shrink-swell properties of a soil, thus improving the load bearing capacity of a sub-grade to support pavements and foundations. Stabilization and its effect on soil indicate the reaction mechanism with additives, effect on its strength, improve and maintain soil moisture content and suggestion for construction systems. The main objective of this paper is to improve the physical and chemical properties of clay soil by using chemical additives like chloride compounds as NaCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2. Various proportions of NaCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 was mixed with soil and basic engineering properties such as specific gravity, liquid limit, compaction characteristics and consolidation parameters were determined. It has been observed that an addition of different percentages like 4%, 8% and 12% of chloride compounds into clayey soils increased the dry density and decreased the moisture content. The liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index decreased with the increase in chemical content. This appears due to the fact that addition of NaCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 filled up the voids between particles of soil as particle size of NaCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 is smaller than soil particles and can be easily replaced the voids. The compression index and swelling index was decreased with the increase in chloride compound percentage.
Abstract: Soils exhibit generally undesirable engineering properties. Soil Stabilization is the alteration of soils to enhance their physical properties. Stabilization can increase the shear strength of a soil and/or control the shrink-swell properties of a soil, thus improving the load bearing capacity of a sub-grade to support pavements and foundations. St...
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Seismic Performance Analysis and Reinforcement Suggestion of RC Frame Structures
Linli Tan,
Ren Jiang,
Qiuhong Zhao
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
371-378
Received:
5 December 2017
Published:
6 December 2017
Abstract: Nowadays, there have many reinforced concrete frame structures in China, which need to be reinforced in the event of strong earthquake. Therefore, quasi-static analysis method has adopted to investigate the seismic performance of the five story concrete frame structures and the different reinforcement schemes on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The results are shown that the numerical simulation of RC structures was verified by the Open Sees finite element method based on the existing experimental data. It was found that the weak layer of the RC frame structure mainly occurs in the plastic hinge region of the middle and lower floors of the RC frame structure. It was suggested that only the plastic hinge region of the middle and lower half of the RC frame structure and the bottom of the plastic hinge region of the bottom column of the RC frame structure could be reinforced, which will provides a theoretical basis for the RC frame reinforced method in the future.
Abstract: Nowadays, there have many reinforced concrete frame structures in China, which need to be reinforced in the event of strong earthquake. Therefore, quasi-static analysis method has adopted to investigate the seismic performance of the five story concrete frame structures and the different reinforcement schemes on the seismic performance of reinforce...
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Morphometric Analysis of Asa and Oyun River Basins, North Central Nigeria Using Geographical Information System
Mudashiru Rofiat Bunmi,
Olawuyi Maryam Yusuf,
Amototo Ismail Oladapo,
Oyelakin Mutiu Adekunle
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
379-393
Received:
23 October 2017
Accepted:
8 November 2017
Published:
14 December 2017
Abstract: Geographical Information System (GIS) and image processing techniques can be used for the identification of morphological features and analyzing properties of basin. The morphometric parameters of basin include the linear, aerial and relief aspects. The present study focused on the evaluation and analysis of the morphometric parameters such as Stream Order (Nu), Stream Length (Lu), Bifurcation Ratio (Rb), Drainage Density (Dd), Stream Frequency (Fs), Texture Ratio (T), Elongation Ratio (Re), Circulatory Ratio (Rc) and Form Factor (Rf) e.t.c. The study areas are Asa River Basin and Oyun River Basin. The GIS based morphometric analysis of these River Basins revealed that both the Asa River Basin and Oyun River Basins are fourth order basins which indicates their drainage pattern to be mainly dendritic type thereby showing homogeneity in texture and less of structural control. Total stream number of Asa River Basin is 54, in which 37 are first order, 12 are second order, 4 are third order and 1 is fourth order, and while the total stream number of Oyun River Basin is 56, in which 45 are first order, 7 are second order, 2 are third order and 2 are fourth order streams. The length of stream segment is maximum for first order stream and decreases as the stream order increases. The drainage density (Dd) of study area of Asa River Basin is 0.39km/km2 and Oyun River Basin is 0.36km/km2, an indication that the two River Basins are not much affected by structural disturbance. The study and result from the findings will help in determining peak runoff in the basin which helps in managing the water resources in the basins for sustainable development of the basin area.
Abstract: Geographical Information System (GIS) and image processing techniques can be used for the identification of morphological features and analyzing properties of basin. The morphometric parameters of basin include the linear, aerial and relief aspects. The present study focused on the evaluation and analysis of the morphometric parameters such as Stre...
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Cave Window Symbols in Exhibition Space Transition-Case Study of the Exhibition Space of Museums
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
394-399
Received:
27 December 2017
Published:
28 December 2017
Abstract: By analyzing the cave windows in classical gardens, this paper introduces that the exhibition space of museums, as a space segmentation symbol. Both The Oriental Metropolitan Museum and Folk Art Museum of China Academy of Art are taken as examples to expound on the methods of shaping transitions in exhibition space with cave windows.
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Evaluation on Fatigue Life of Expressway Asphalt Pavement Based on Tire-Pavement-Subgrade Coupling Model
Dong Cheng,
Liu Wen-jie,
Zhou Lun,
Zhang Rui-lei,
Kan Qian-hua,
Leng Wu-ming
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
400-407
Received:
27 December 2017
Published:
28 December 2017
Abstract: The fatigue failure has become one of the main failure modes in asphalt pavement of expressway. However, due to the material nonlinear of the tire, pavement and subgrade, the contact nonlinear of tire-pavement and the influence factors, such as the tire inflation pressure, rotation speed, wheel load, the values and distributions of contact stress between tire and pavement are extremely complex and affect the tensile stress and tensile strain, as well as affect the wear, deformation and fatigue life of pavement. The three dimensional (hereinafter referred to as 3D) finite element model of tire-subgrade-pavement structure was established, and the steady-stable rolling of tire and stress-dependent dynamic resilient modulus of subgrade soil were considered in the model．Based on the mixed Euler-Lagrange describtion, the steady-state finite element analysis were carried to indicate the mechanism of fatigue cracking of asphalt pavement, the influences of rolling resistance of wheel, friction coefficient, axle load, tire pressure and running velocity on fatigue lives were discussed based on the tensile strain fatigue prediction model. The results show that the fatigue life of pavement decreases with the increasing rolling resistance of wheel, friction coefficient, wheel load and tire pressure, and it does not obvisouly depend on the running velocity. The study could provide a reference for the design of the flexible asphalt pavement structure and the evaluation of pavement fatigue life.
Abstract: The fatigue failure has become one of the main failure modes in asphalt pavement of expressway. However, due to the material nonlinear of the tire, pavement and subgrade, the contact nonlinear of tire-pavement and the influence factors, such as the tire inflation pressure, rotation speed, wheel load, the values and distributions of contact stress b...
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Characteristics of Secondary Mountain Disaster Chain in Wenchuan Earthquake
Ranran Pei,
Zhenqiang Ni,
Zhaobo Meng,
Baoliang Zhang,
Rumeng Liao
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
408-413
Received:
27 December 2017
Published:
28 December 2017
Abstract: Tens of thousands of secondary mountain disasters such as landslides, debris flows were triggered after the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008. Large amounts of loose material were produced in gullies or on slopes, which will endanger resettled residents and destroy urban reconstruction. During the 5 years following the Wenchuan earthquake event, heavy rainfalls have already induced a great number of debris flows, barrier lakes and collapses in the earthquake-damaged area, resulting in serious casualties and property losses. The emergence and development of these disasters affect each other and are linked closely. Hence, it is important to understand the characteristics and shape of the disaster chains. In order to analyze the characteristics of secondary mountain disaster chain in Wenchuan earthquake, this paper carried out research using field survey and data statistical analysis. A large number of recording materials were reviewed and compiled to analyze more than 2440 debris flows, landslides, collapses and barrier lakes in different areas of Wenchuan, Beichuan, Dujiangyan and so on. The results showed that: the Wenchuan earthquake secondary mountain hazards are mainly distributed in Beichuan, Wenchuan, Dujiangyan and other regions near earthquake source, frequency decreases with the distance increasing source distance. The secondary disaster chain can be divided into 4 grades and 9 types, and a comprehensive type; each disaster chain consists of two or more disasters in earthquake. Precipitation and surface run off have great influence on secondary mountain disasters, and become important media for the formation of chain chains in secondary disasters. This study has some guidance to the judgment and prevention of the secondary disaster chain after earthquake.
Abstract: Tens of thousands of secondary mountain disasters such as landslides, debris flows were triggered after the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008. Large amounts of loose material were produced in gullies or on slopes, which will endanger resettled residents and destroy urban reconstruction. During the 5 years following the Wenchuan earthquake ...
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Cause Analysis of the Secondary Mountain Disaster Chain in Wenchuan Earthquake
Ranran Pei,
Zhenqiang Ni,
Zhaobo Meng,
Baoliang Zhang,
Yuanyuan Geng
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
414-417
Received:
27 December 2017
Published:
28 December 2017
Abstract: Earthquakes and their secondary disaster chains are often destructive. It poses a great threat to the social development, economic development and cultural development by studying the typical disaster chains in the 5.12 major earthquakes in 2008. This paper analysis of its universal causes and summarizes characteristics of the disaster to prevent and control the harm caused by earthquakes and their secondary disaster chain more effectively is the urgent need of I in the contemporary society. In order to study the causes of the mountain secondary disaster chain, with the typical secondary mountain disaster chain of the 2008 earthquake in Wenchuan as an example, this paper analyzes the causes of disasters using field investigation, remote sensing technology, the method of data analysis. The study found that the typical disaster chains of Landslide - Debris flow – Dammed Lake, Earthquake – Landslide – Dammed Lake – Debris flow are affected by topography and geomorphology. At the same time, it is also related to precipitation, accumulation bodies and other factors. Ginkgo Mozigou located in Chaping mountains The relative height difference is very large, very steep. A series of secondary disasters are caused by heavy rainfall and a large amount of debris accumulation the dam on the river at Shikan home, close to the two fault zones. The slump accumulation bodies slow down in the whole shape.
Abstract: Earthquakes and their secondary disaster chains are often destructive. It poses a great threat to the social development, economic development and cultural development by studying the typical disaster chains in the 5.12 major earthquakes in 2008. This paper analysis of its universal causes and summarizes characteristics of the disaster to prevent a...
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Research on the Present Situation, Problems and Countermeasures of the Architecture of Lingnan Flower-Bird-Fish Art Wholesale Market
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
418-425
Received:
27 December 2017
Published:
29 December 2017
Abstract: Based on the historical background of the flower base of Fangcun in Guangzhou, this paper studies the development of its regional history, industry support and policy support. Taking Guangzhou Yuehe Flower-Bird-Fish Art World as an example, through field investigation, specific studies of the present situation and practical problems of market architecture are probed into. According to the shortcomings found in the research, specific countermeasures for the design of exterior and interior space of the building as well as the suggestions for humanity, information, legalization, brand innovation of the wholesale market are put forward.
Abstract: Based on the historical background of the flower base of Fangcun in Guangzhou, this paper studies the development of its regional history, industry support and policy support. Taking Guangzhou Yuehe Flower-Bird-Fish Art World as an example, through field investigation, specific studies of the present situation and practical problems of market archi...
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