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Experimental Investigation of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash Concrete Under Sodium Hydroxide Solution
Sachin Mulay,
Gaurang Vesmawala,
Yogesh Patil,
Vikas Gholap
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2017
Pages:
1-8
Received:
21 October 2016
Accepted:
29 October 2016
Published:
23 November 2016
Abstract: Sugarcane is one of the main cash crop grown in around 115 countries. The waste produced after its use as raw material is dumped on open lands. Detail estimation of sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) production on basis of sugarcane production all over as well as mainly in India is carried out in this study. Use of SCBA as a supplementary cementitious material adds sustainability to concrete by reducing the CO2 emission during cement production. The positive effects of SCBA as a partial replacement of cement on the mechanical properties of concrete are recognized through different researches; however, the overall improvement depends on the durability properties of SCBA in cementitious medium. In this study, durability properties of conventional concrete utilizing SCBA sourced from sugar factory site have been investigated. Concrete mixtures with SCBA content ranging from 0% to 30% of total binder were used. The compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity and loss in weight of the concrete specimens were determined after exposure to sodium hydroxide solution. The reactivity of alkali with mixes containing SCBA in terms of expansion was determined by accelerated as well as Indian standard test method. The results demonstrated that incorporation of SCBA as partial replacement of cement improved the resistance to alkali attack on concrete. The SCBA in cement aggregate mix showed reduction in expansion proving the effectiveness of waste SCBA inclusion in cementitious medium.
Abstract: Sugarcane is one of the main cash crop grown in around 115 countries. The waste produced after its use as raw material is dumped on open lands. Detail estimation of sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) production on basis of sugarcane production all over as well as mainly in India is carried out in this study. Use of SCBA as a supplementary cementitious ma...
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Road and Bridge Infrastructure Development Issues in Benin Republic: Analysis and Perspectives
Dossa Didier Boko-haya,
Yadong Li,
Changrong Yao,
Saizhi Liu,
Qiqi Xiang
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2017
Pages:
9-15
Received:
4 November 2016
Accepted:
14 November 2016
Published:
2 December 2016
Abstract: Roads and Bridges (R-B) infrastructure development in Benin Republic have being topical issues and have been identified by many as crucial components for economic development of the country. In light of the above, this study analyzes the R-B infrastructure agreeable priority issues, by diagnosing the current problems of development and the perspectives. Historical as well as descriptive approaches were adopted in data collection and were complemented by surveys. The study revealed, on one hand, the large gap between national R-B provision and the road transportation demand, and in the other hand, an inequality in the provision of road infrastructure and rehabilitation of roads in the area, resulting in disparities in the level of development. Based on this, the paper concludes with a range of best recommendations and proposals formulated in aim to respond efficiently to the R-B problems in Benin Republic and meet today’s development goals.
Abstract: Roads and Bridges (R-B) infrastructure development in Benin Republic have being topical issues and have been identified by many as crucial components for economic development of the country. In light of the above, this study analyzes the R-B infrastructure agreeable priority issues, by diagnosing the current problems of development and the perspect...
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Structural Performances of Steel Reinforced Concrete Special Shaped Column-Beam Joints Under Bidirectional Low-Cyclic Reversed Loading
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2017
Pages:
16-20
Received:
24 December 2016
Published:
28 December 2016
Abstract: Steel reinforced concrete special-shaped column is a new structural form. It has all priorities of steel reinforced structure and special-shaped column structure. Bearing capacity and ductility of this new structure are very good. It also has very excellent applicable quality and pleasing to the eye. But there are still few experimental and research results relevant to this new structure. The design of steel reinforced concrete special-shaped column joints is a most important problem that must be solved to ensure that this new structural could be widely used in the future. This research focuses the attention on the seismic behavior of this kind of joints, and adopts the new joint design style. The pseudo-static test is carried out on joint specimens. Hysteresis loop of all the specimens have been drawn. The energy dissipating capacities are evaluated. Based on the results of experimental research, the behavior of high resistant capacity, excellent ductility and reliability of the joint design method have been manifested. Taking into account all these facts, this article also put forward practical design suggestions on this structure.
Abstract: Steel reinforced concrete special-shaped column is a new structural form. It has all priorities of steel reinforced structure and special-shaped column structure. Bearing capacity and ductility of this new structure are very good. It also has very excellent applicable quality and pleasing to the eye. But there are still few experimental and researc...
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Effects of Firing Time and Temperature on Physical Properties of Fired Clay Bricks
Eshetu Tsega,
Alemu Mosisa,
Fekadu Fufa
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2017
Pages:
21-26
Received:
18 August 2016
Accepted:
23 September 2016
Published:
5 January 2017
Abstract: Brick is one of the most widely used conventional construction materials throughout the world. The production cost of clay brick is significantly affected by the cost of energy required for firing. The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of different firing temperatures on the compressive strength (CS), water absorption (WA) and saturation coefficients (SC) of fired clay bricks produced around Jimma Town and evaluate the effect of firing processes in brick manufacturing on the properties, color and appearance of the clay brick. During the production process, the effects of different heating rates on physical and mechanical properties of firing standard bricks were analyzed. In this study, different heating rates were used: slow heating rate and fast heating rate. Changes in the physical and mechanical properties of the fired clay brick were assessed with the increase in the firing temperature firing time. The results show that the CS increased with the increase in the firing temperature. On the contrary, WA and SC of the fired clay bricks decreased with the increase in the firing temperature. Increment in the duration of firing slightly increases the CS and lowers both the WA and WA of the clay brick. In the study area, traditional brick producers did not have firing temperature control device or mechanism in the fired clay brick production. The kiln operator decided the firing temperature and duration. The absence of the device frequently results in the over or under firing of bricks greatly affecting the engineering properties of this widely used contraction material. Therefore, the traditional clay brick producers should install the temperature control device on their kiln or at least needs to be trained how to approximately determine the optimum temperature.
Abstract: Brick is one of the most widely used conventional construction materials throughout the world. The production cost of clay brick is significantly affected by the cost of energy required for firing. The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of different firing temperatures on the compressive strength (CS), water absorption (WA) and satu...
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Causes of Cost Overrun in Federal Road Projects of Ethiopia in Case of Southern District
Ashebir Shiferaw Belachew,
Wubishet Jekale Mengesha,
Murad Mohammed
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2017
Pages:
27-40
Received:
11 October 2016
Accepted:
22 October 2016
Published:
5 January 2017
Abstract: One of the problems has been broadly published in different literature related to construction project management is project cost overrun. To fill this gap, the study on causes of cost overrun was conducted. It was conducted on 18 road construction projects with eight case studies which is found under the southern district of Ethiopian Road Authority. Based on a comprehensive literature review and archives, 40 factors linked to project cost performance were acknowledged for analysis. Based on the percentage of maximum score rank of 40 identified factors, six top rated factors were identified. These are material price fluctuation, cost underestimation, delay in supply of raw materials, inadequate review of contract documents, lack of coordination at the design phase and lack of cost planning during pre- and post- contract stage have the highest impacts on the performance of project costs from the client’s, consultants’ and contractors’ perspective. This study has been done through survey and case study to generate raw data. The questionnaires were distributed to 54 practitioners to evaluate the significance of the factors that causes the project cost overrun. In addition, case studies were used to find the magnitude of cost overrun on selected projects by an in-depth analysis of an archive of each project. The magnitude of cost overrun among selected project extended from 4.16% to 83.2%. While the average magnitude of cost overrun was nearly 21.52%, this is a significant amount when it compared with the number of projects.
Abstract: One of the problems has been broadly published in different literature related to construction project management is project cost overrun. To fill this gap, the study on causes of cost overrun was conducted. It was conducted on 18 road construction projects with eight case studies which is found under the southern district of Ethiopian Road Authori...
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Use of Silica Fume in Stabilizing Cement-Dune Sand for Highway Materials
M. Anisur Rahman,
Ali Ahmed
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2017
Pages:
41-49
Received:
26 November 2016
Accepted:
8 December 2016
Published:
18 January 2017
Abstract: This study presents the potential of silica fume (SF) in the stabilization of cement and dune sand for road bases and sub-bases. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) was used as a stabilizer and SF as an additive. Employed percentages of cement were 0, 6, 9 and 12, and silica fume/cement (SF/C) ratios were 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6. Various geotechnical properties such as grain size distribution, maximum dry density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC), unconfined compressive strength (UCS), California bearing ratio (CBR), swell and wet-dry durability were studied. Test results showed that all these geotechnical properties were improved with the addition of both cement and SF. From the point of view of efficiency and economy, SF/C ratio of 0.20 would be called as “optimum ratio”. On the basis of UCS, CBR value, swell, soil-cement loss and mix proportion, this investigation recommends mix proportions (% SF + % cement + % sand) of 1.8 + 9.0 + 100 and 0 + 12 + 100 for base materials and 1.2 + 6 + 100 for sub-base materials.
Abstract: This study presents the potential of silica fume (SF) in the stabilization of cement and dune sand for road bases and sub-bases. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) was used as a stabilizer and SF as an additive. Employed percentages of cement were 0, 6, 9 and 12, and silica fume/cement (SF/C) ratios were 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6. Various geotechnical proper...
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Modified Three-Parameter Power Model to Predict Moment-Rotation Curve of Top- and Seat-Angle Connection
Ali Ahmed,
Norimitsu Kishi
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2017
Pages:
50-59
Received:
4 December 2016
Accepted:
15 December 2016
Published:
18 January 2017
Abstract: This study conducted on improving three-parameter power model [1] to estimate ultimate moment of connections based on the failure mechanisms developed by more practical means and finally, to predict moment-rotation relations of top- and seat-angle connections for intrinsic replacement of experimental curves and/or finite element (FE) analysis results. Bolt stiffness, shear and bending deformation of tension angle and prying force acted on tension angle are considered to determine the ultimate moment of connections implementing two possible failure mechanisms. These failure mechanisms are developed based on the concept of T-stub model [2] and adjusted the position of plastic hinges applying advanced FE analysis method [3-6]. Then, moment-rotation (Mr) characteristics of top- and seat-angle connections are constructed applying proposed modified three-parameter power model. Applicability of the proposed formulation is examined by comparing Mr curves and ultimate moment capacities with those of Kishi-Chen power model, FE analyses [3, 4] and experiments [7, 8]. The comparison implies that proposed formulation and Kishi-Chen’s method both achieved closer approximation for maximum of cases and better accuracy for the modified cases to drive Mr curves of the connections; but ultimate moments of the connections defined by the proposed method is more realistic than that predicted by Kishi-Chen power model.
Abstract: This study conducted on improving three-parameter power model [1] to estimate ultimate moment of connections based on the failure mechanisms developed by more practical means and finally, to predict moment-rotation relations of top- and seat-angle connections for intrinsic replacement of experimental curves and/or finite element (FE) analysis resul...
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