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An Examination of the Physio-mechanical Properties of Rock Lump and Aggregates in Three Leading Quarry Sites Near Accra
Joseph Ignatius Teye Buertey,
Felix Atsrim,
Samuel Wilberforce Offei
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
264-275
Received:
30 May 2016
Accepted:
26 July 2016
Published:
2 September 2016
Abstract: In recent times, there has been an increasing indiscrimination in the choice of aggregate for the casting of concrete in the construction industry. The nearest available material is used without looking into its properties and strength. The source of aggregates and its physio-mechanical properties have an effect on the final product depending on the design mix. This study focusses on the determination of dry density, water content of rock materials, porosity, compressive strength of parent rock lumps material, rock aggregates and the grading of aggregates. Samples were picked from three leading quarries near Accra, Ghana and were tested quantitatively at the laboratory. Analysis shows that air spaces in rock lump samples with valued percentages varied from 29% to 34% and 41% for igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks respectively, with a direct proportional effect on the water content of the rock lump. Invariably, the dry density for sampled igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks lump varied from 1.12g/cm3 to 1.57g/cm3 and 2.03g/cm3 respectively. There was a direct correlation between the impact resistance and load resistance results of the samples. Igneous rock recorded the highest impact resistance of 802 mm followed by sedimentary and then metamorphic rocks with 602mm and 201mm respectively with a corresponding load resistance of 57kn, 29kn and 13kn. The studies revealed rock aggregate moisture contents as 8.1%, 7.6% and 10.7% translating into its water absorption and porosity of 10.25%, 14.11% and 7.55% for igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks respectively. The laboratory results with respect to grading of the aggregates for particle size distribution shows that sedimentary crush rocks showed a well graded particle size distribution, best suited for concrete works. Based on comparative laboratory analysis of the physio-mechanical properties of the three rocks, igneous rocks showed properties best suited for concrete mix design, whilst metamorphic rock samples proved to be the poorest.
Abstract: In recent times, there has been an increasing indiscrimination in the choice of aggregate for the casting of concrete in the construction industry. The nearest available material is used without looking into its properties and strength. The source of aggregates and its physio-mechanical properties have an effect on the final product depending on th...
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Investigating Risk Factors Influencing Safety in National Highways in Sudan
Magdi Mohamed Eltayeb Zumrawi
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
276-281
Received:
6 August 2016
Accepted:
16 August 2016
Published:
2 September 2016
Abstract: Road safety is an issue of vital concern to road authorities. Detecting accidents risk factors can contribute to make a road more efficient, safe and comfortable. The research is focused on safety problems related to road surface conditions, traffic facilities, and road users' behavior. Eight major national highways were selected to serve as the case study and assumed to represent highway networks in Sudan. A field survey of the current safety conditions was conducted on the selected highways. For each highway, the previous occurred accidents, road surface problems, and inadequate traffic control facilitieswhich directly related to road safety were visually surveyed. To achieve the research objective, a new rating system called "Risk Factor Index" (RFI) was established and adopted to measure the safety hazards condition on the selected highways. The results showed that all the surveyed highways scored "Medium" level of RFI except one road scored "low" level of RFI. It was found that the major risk factors of the highest RFI are improper road width, absence of median and deficiency in road lighting and marking. Based on the study findings, recommendations of necessary corrective measures were provided to enhance road safety.
Abstract: Road safety is an issue of vital concern to road authorities. Detecting accidents risk factors can contribute to make a road more efficient, safe and comfortable. The research is focused on safety problems related to road surface conditions, traffic facilities, and road users' behavior. Eight major national highways were selected to serve as the ca...
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Assessment of Construction Dispute Resolution in Ethiopian Somali Regional State Road Projects: A Case Study on Road Projects in the Region
Assegid Getahun,
Yolente C. Macarubbo,
Alemu Mosisa
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
282-289
Received:
10 August 2016
Accepted:
19 August 2016
Published:
12 September 2016
Abstract: The construction industry has been a paradoxical leader in both dispute occurrences and dispute resolution systems for many years. This study assessed the construction dispute resolution mechanism in Ethiopian Somali Region Road Construction Industry. It has identified the causes that lead to construction dispute in the road sector; determined the most frequent causes of the dispute; and analyzed its current dispute resolution mechanisms. Results show to have five major categories of disputes which are design-related, contractor-related, owner related, contract-related, and external factors ranked from first to fifth, respectively. The Dispute Resolution Mechanisms currently used in the road construction industry of the Ethiopian Somali region are an Amicable Settlement (Negotiation), DRE, Arbitration (Litigation), and “others” not disclosed by respondents. ADR is to a certain extent, effectively used in contracts in the construction industry. Negotiation is initially most frequently used in resolving disputes in road construction projects in Somali Region. However, parties cannot resolve the issue through Negotiation thereby resorted to Arbitration (Litigation). Arbitration is the final stage of dispute management in the road construction sector and arbitration proceedings resemble to regular court litigation. Various but specific recommendations were forwarded to major construction stakeholders to minimize or avoid disputes. Such as disputes can be reduced by checking that the contract documents are in place. Avoid making general statements, and instead set out a complete list of specifications, drawings, questions and answers, and others that apply to the project.
Abstract: The construction industry has been a paradoxical leader in both dispute occurrences and dispute resolution systems for many years. This study assessed the construction dispute resolution mechanism in Ethiopian Somali Region Road Construction Industry. It has identified the causes that lead to construction dispute in the road sector; determined the ...
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Prediction of Sediment Deposition in Reservoir Using Analytical Method
Rajendra Patil,
Rajeev Shetkar
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
290-297
Received:
23 August 2016
Accepted:
31 August 2016
Published:
18 September 2016
Abstract: Sediment particles, a product of erosion in the catchment are transported along the river with flowing water. The construction of Weir, barrage or a dam causes obstruction to the flow resulting in reduction of velocity. The reduced velocity causes sedimentation resulting in reduction of storage capacity which affects the overall life of the reservoir. The sediment deposition in the reservoir is a continuous and complex process which affects the useful life of a reservoir. The quantification of sediment deposition in a reservoir is necessary for effective reservoir and river basin management. The present study has been carried out to assess sediment deposition in Koyna Reservoir which is located in the Western Maharashtra, India. In India most of the rainfall is caused due to the southwest monsoon during the period from June to September, massive convective thunderstorms dominate the weather. In the present study analytical methods are used for estimation of sediment deposited in the Koyna reservoir. For the prediction annual inflow data is used. The storage capacity of Koyna reservoir is calculated considering the loss of storage due to sediment deposition for a period from 1961 to 2375. The results obtained indicated a loss of reservoir capacity by the year 2004, as 267.25 Mm3 (9.55%). The physical measurement indicated that the Koyna reservoir had lost 293.09 Mm3 (10.48%) of its capacity by the year 2004. The results obtained by analytical method have 8.82% error compared with the actual measurements.
Abstract: Sediment particles, a product of erosion in the catchment are transported along the river with flowing water. The construction of Weir, barrage or a dam causes obstruction to the flow resulting in reduction of velocity. The reduced velocity causes sedimentation resulting in reduction of storage capacity which affects the overall life of the reservo...
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The Earthquake Ground Motion and Response Spectra Design for Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia with Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis and Spectral Matching in Time Domain
Lalu Makrup,
Atika Ulfa Jamal
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
298-305
Received:
1 September 2016
Accepted:
10 September 2016
Published:
29 September 2016
Abstract: Earthquake acceleration time history and response spectra design are needed as basis to determine the earthquake loading that can be used to design and assess the tall building and other structures. The acceleration time history and response spectra design for certain site can be acquired using the seismic hazard analysis, amplification of ground motion quantity, and spectral matching in time domain. The result is the artificial acceleration time history for a site in Sleman District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. That time history can be utilized as a basis to design and assess the earthquake resistant building structure in the district area.
Abstract: Earthquake acceleration time history and response spectra design are needed as basis to determine the earthquake loading that can be used to design and assess the tall building and other structures. The acceleration time history and response spectra design for certain site can be acquired using the seismic hazard analysis, amplification of ground m...
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Effect of Some Factors on the Dynamic Response of Reinforced Cylindrical Shell with a Hole on Elastic Supports Subjected to Blast Loading
Nguyen Thai Chung,
Le Xuan Thuy
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
306-313
Received:
4 September 2016
Accepted:
13 September 2016
Published:
8 October 2016
Abstract: This paper presents the finite element algorithm and calculation method of reinforced cylindrical shell with a hole under blast loading. Using the programmed algorithm and computer program written in Matlab environment, the authors solved a specific problem, from which examining the effects of structural and loading parameters to the dynamic response of the shell.
Abstract: This paper presents the finite element algorithm and calculation method of reinforced cylindrical shell with a hole under blast loading. Using the programmed algorithm and computer program written in Matlab environment, the authors solved a specific problem, from which examining the effects of structural and loading parameters to the dynamic respon...
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Analytical Study of Reinforcement Consumption and Cost Management Due to Seismic Zoning
Rajib Kumar Das,
Niloy Samadder,
Gazi Md. Sharfaraz Imam Azad
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
314-318
Received:
11 September 2016
Accepted:
23 September 2016
Published:
17 October 2016
Abstract: This paper investigates an approach for making comparison of seismic evaluation and corresponding costs according to design of concrete frames in different seismic zones of Bangladesh. Bangladesh, one of the world’s most densely populated countries with lower medium income, is vulnerable to earthquake hazards for its geological position. It is surrounded by Himalayan Arc, Shilong plateau in the north, the Burmese Arc, Arakan Yoma anticliorium in the east and complex Naga-Disang-Jaflong thrust in the northeast which has made it suited to earthquake. Similarly, the Dauki Fault system along with numerous subsurface actives faults and flexure zone called Hinge Zone raises the earthquake risk factor higher. Therefore, the construction of multistoried building in the different seismic zones (Zone I, Zone II, Zone III) of Bangladesh seek several attention for making it stable to sustain the high magnitude of earthquake with economical design practice. A well known fact is that a code based high-rise construction not only safe for living but it also lessens the construction cost. In this research, it has been represented a comparative study of lateral displacement due to earthquake, construction cost and reinforcement consumption for building construction in different categories of multistoried building in the three seismic zones of Bangladesh. In the present study, earthquake load has been assigned by factorizing with specific zone factor for every zone. Finally, after conducting standard costing and estimation, it has been found that, it increases the cost of construction and amount reinforcement dramatically in the high seismic zone along with high lateral displacement as compared to the other earthquake zone.
Abstract: This paper investigates an approach for making comparison of seismic evaluation and corresponding costs according to design of concrete frames in different seismic zones of Bangladesh. Bangladesh, one of the world’s most densely populated countries with lower medium income, is vulnerable to earthquake hazards for its geological position. It is surr...
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Strength Assessment of Concrete Cubes Containing Variable Mixtures of Portland Cement and Granite Dust of the Maddhapara Mine, NW Bangladesh
Md. Rafiqul Islam,
Marzia Mohsin,
Mir Md. Abdul Hannan,
Mohammed Omar Faruque,
Md. Kamrul Islam,
Md. Abdur Rahman,
Md. Ahasan Habib Shahin
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
319-325
Received:
11 September 2016
Accepted:
21 September 2016
Published:
18 October 2016
Abstract: Granite dust is a waste material which is produced during crushing and grinding process of granite stone. The annual production rate of the Maddhapara Granite Mine is 1.65 million metric tons from the underground mine. It has been estimated that the average weight of the granite dust is about 10% of the total weight of the annually produced granite rock from the Maddhapara Mine. The granite dust in Bangladesh is negligible in construction works, although it has a huge potential for the replacement of natural fine aggregates. The granite dust of Maddhapara Mine may be an alternative to natural sand for construction works. The present research highlights the compressive strength behavior of concrete cubes containing granite dust as a fine aggregate associated with variable mixtures of Portland cement. The three stages of working methods have been applied in the present research work, like- (i) collection of samples from the field, (ii) grain size analysis, and (iii) compressive strength test of concrete cubes with different curing periods of 7, 14 and 28 days. Compressive strength test was carried out on five concrete cubes with grades of M5, M10, M15, M20, M25. The grain size distribution curve as well as Cu (9.88) and Cc (0.671) values reveal that the Maddhapara granite dust is classified as well graded sand that can be enhanced high compressibility and shear strength. The compressive strength values of 14 and 28 days curing periods reveal that the M15 grade is a good quality option because of its high compressive strength associated with reasonable amount of cement and granite dust ratio. From the technical points of view, it can be focused that the Maddhapara granite dust can be used in various purposes. Appropriate utilization of granite dust would not only save the large amount of construction cost, but also would open a new window for the economic sector of the mine.
Abstract: Granite dust is a waste material which is produced during crushing and grinding process of granite stone. The annual production rate of the Maddhapara Granite Mine is 1.65 million metric tons from the underground mine. It has been estimated that the average weight of the granite dust is about 10% of the total weight of the annually produced granite...
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The Effects of Design Information on Reliability of Progress and Cost Estimates of Construction Projects: The Case of Two Civil Engineering Projects
Stephen Agyeman,
Eric Kwaku Asare,
Emmanuel Nsiah Ankomah
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
326-336
Received:
23 September 2016
Accepted:
7 October 2016
Published:
1 November 2016
Abstract: Continuing national disquiet concerning the late completion of road construction projects, high-cost overruns and premature failures of roads partly attributed to inadequate design information is quite worrying. The paper investigated the effects of design information on reliability of progress and cost estimates on two road construction projects in the Brong Ahafo and the Upper East Regions of Ghana. A case study was conducted on the two projects which involved the content analysis of the design documents, interviews with the industry players and personal observations. The study revealed among other things such as lack of design plans before tendering, disparities between design drawing information and Bill of Quantity (BoQ) information, inadequate site investigation and delays in taking decision on variations, affected the smooth progress of these projects. It is recommended that all the stakeholders in the road construction industry treat road design and its related matters with the maximum attention it deserves to curtail the huge avoidable cost the nation is incurring.
Abstract: Continuing national disquiet concerning the late completion of road construction projects, high-cost overruns and premature failures of roads partly attributed to inadequate design information is quite worrying. The paper investigated the effects of design information on reliability of progress and cost estimates on two road construction projects i...
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Analysis on Difference Between Rock Salt Dissolving Model with and Without Mechanical Effect
Tang Yanchun,
Liu Ruilong,
Zhou Hui
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
337-344
Received:
29 November 2016
Published:
1 December 2016
Abstract: For the stability of rock salt cavern during the washing process, the research on the relationship between the dissolving mechanism and mechanical effect of rock salt is necessary. Through analyses on rock salt dissolving mechanism, and rock salt dissolving effect with and without mechanical effect, difference between rock salt dissolving model with and without mechanical effect has been studied. It can be concluded that rock salt dissolving mechanism with and without mechanical effect is same, but with mechanical effect, especially after the plastic strain and cracks have been produced, difference between the dissolving effect with and without mechanical effect has been existed; compared with the parameter “diffusion coefficient” D on the dissolving model without mechanical effect, the new conception “equivalent diffusion coefficient” D* has been proposed to describe the macro-dissolving speed of rock salt with mechanical effect under the assumption that dissolving action face has not been changed during the dissolving process. D* is a variable of the equivalent plastic strain and dissolving time; based on rock salt dissolving model without mechanical effect and the new concept D*, rock salt dissolving model with mechanical effect has been built; through analyzing the datum of uniaxial compression meso-mechanical test under the coupled mechanical-dissolving effect, the method to calculate D* has been proposed, and the relationship between axial plastic strain, dissolving time and D* has been obtained. The achieved results can provide a research foundation for the further analyses on coupled mechanical-dissolving mechanism of rock salt.
Abstract: For the stability of rock salt cavern during the washing process, the research on the relationship between the dissolving mechanism and mechanical effect of rock salt is necessary. Through analyses on rock salt dissolving mechanism, and rock salt dissolving effect with and without mechanical effect, difference between rock salt dissolving model wit...
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Nonlinear In-Plane Stability of Parabolic CFST Arch-Ribs with Cavity
Di Yun,
Hao-wen Zheng,
Ya-li Qi
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
345-350
Received:
2 December 2016
Published:
5 December 2016
Abstract: Influences of cavity on in-plane stability behavior of parabolic CFST arch ribs are analyzed with ANSYS. Considering different cavity ratio, steel ratio and rise-to-span ratio, material and geometric nonlinearities analysis of parabolic CFST arch-ribs under different in-plane load cases are conducted. It is concluded that the bigger the cavity ratio is, the lower stiffness and bearing capacity of arch-ribs will be. With the same cavity ratio, including section cavity ratio and rib cavity ratio, there is more significant influence with the smaller steel ratio and the more uniform distribution of vertical loads. Moreover, there is little influence of common rise-to-span ratio on stability reduction due to the existence of cavity.
Abstract: Influences of cavity on in-plane stability behavior of parabolic CFST arch ribs are analyzed with ANSYS. Considering different cavity ratio, steel ratio and rise-to-span ratio, material and geometric nonlinearities analysis of parabolic CFST arch-ribs under different in-plane load cases are conducted. It is concluded that the bigger the cavity rati...
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The Empirical Analysis About Using Tourism to Promote the New-Type Urbanization on Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
351-359
Received:
29 November 2016
Published:
7 December 2016
Abstract: Tourism development and urbanization are the two hot economic phenomena in today's society, and are also two important aspects of social and economic development. Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture take full advantage of its rich tourism resources, out of a tourism-driven urbanization of the new urbanization development path. In this paper, from the typical tourist town of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as a starting point, through empirical analysis, it is concluded that the development of new urbanization in ethnic areas has a good propelling effect, and there are certain conditions and limitations. At the same time, it puts forward some policy suggestions for the mutual development of tourism and new urbanization in minority areas, with a view to realizing the healthy and rapid development of tourism in ethnic areas to promote the new urbanization.
Abstract: Tourism development and urbanization are the two hot economic phenomena in today's society, and are also two important aspects of social and economic development. Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture take full advantage of its rich tourism resources, out of a tourism-driven urbanization of the new urbanization development path. In this paper, from t...
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Case Analysis of Glass Curtain Wall Project Outside a Building
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
360-366
Received:
6 December 2016
Published:
9 December 2016
Abstract: Taking Nanjing Zhongjian Mansion as an example, the choice of curtain wall type is analyzed and the organization of the construction of the project is analyzed in details. The key measures of the quality assurance of glass curtain wall are discussed from the angle of construction. In this case analysis, the glass curtain wall engineering quality control of specific and curtain wall engineering quality control features have been study.
Abstract: Taking Nanjing Zhongjian Mansion as an example, the choice of curtain wall type is analyzed and the organization of the construction of the project is analyzed in details. The key measures of the quality assurance of glass curtain wall are discussed from the angle of construction. In this case analysis, the glass curtain wall engineering quality co...
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Analysis on the Relationship Between Ultraviolet Radiation Characteristics and Asphalt Pavement Disease in Tibet Plateau
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
367-371
Received:
2 December 2016
Published:
9 December 2016
Abstract: Through the analysis of the monitoring data of ultraviolet radiation in Tibet, and compared with the related areas, the distribution and intensity characteristics of ultraviolet radiation in Tibet plateau were obtained. Tibet Plateau radiation intensity equivalent to about three times more than the same latitude as the southern region, and also much higher than in eastern Tibet, the solar ultraviolet radiation is the strongest region in the world. The survey summarized the main characteristics of Tibetan asphalt pavement disease, analysed the strong ultraviolet irradiation, the relationship between Tibetan road disease and strong ultraviolet radiation, and obtained the general rule of the damage of asphalt pavement in Tibetan: ultraviolet radiation→asphalt pavement whitened→asphalt hardening→micro cracks appeared→crack expansion→cracking→water→asphalt peeling (loose), pit slot etc. The origin of this Law in the Tibetan strong ultraviolet radiation, High ultraviolet radiation causes aging of asphalt，losing its original performance, which led to destruction of roads in climate and traffic load, therefore, to strengthen the anti-aging properties of asphalt will be greatly improved Tibet District road usage.
Abstract: Through the analysis of the monitoring data of ultraviolet radiation in Tibet, and compared with the related areas, the distribution and intensity characteristics of ultraviolet radiation in Tibet plateau were obtained. Tibet Plateau radiation intensity equivalent to about three times more than the same latitude as the southern region, and also muc...
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Comparative Study on Building Energy Consumption Requirements of Retail Buildings
Gu Zhongxuan,
Zhong Min,
Liu Lili,
Sheng Xiyou,
Luo Shuxiang,
Wu Yanli
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
372-375
Received:
9 December 2016
Published:
9 December 2016
Abstract: As one of the biggest parts of total building energy consumption, public buildings energy efficiency catch the eyes of policy makers and researchers. Recently, both national and local energy consumption requirements for public buildings are being developed. In this article, we compared the energy consumption requirements for a major type of public building (retail building) and analyzed the differences and similarities of the requirements. In the end, suggestions for developing building energy consumption requirements are given based on our comparative study.
Abstract: As one of the biggest parts of total building energy consumption, public buildings energy efficiency catch the eyes of policy makers and researchers. Recently, both national and local energy consumption requirements for public buildings are being developed. In this article, we compared the energy consumption requirements for a major type of public ...
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Urban Waterfront Landscape Planning and Design to Explore in Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
376-381
Received:
24 December 2016
Published:
28 December 2016
Abstract: Taking Lanzhou city riverside road waterfront landscape design as an example, this paper investigated and analysed the present situation and existing problems of Yellow River waterfront landscape in Lanzhou city, Gansu province. Under the principle of waterfront landscape design, the research has given an instructive advice on the design conception, zoning, landscape axis analysis, landscape function analysis and plant disposition.
Abstract: Taking Lanzhou city riverside road waterfront landscape design as an example, this paper investigated and analysed the present situation and existing problems of Yellow River waterfront landscape in Lanzhou city, Gansu province. Under the principle of waterfront landscape design, the research has given an instructive advice on the design conception...
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Rural Home-Stay Landscape Evaluation Based on the Method of AHP-Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
382-388
Received:
24 December 2016
Published:
28 December 2016
Abstract: The comprehensive evaluation is a significant part of rural home-stay landscape. Establishing a reasonable and accurate comprehensive system on rural home-stay landscape image, it will be benefit for making rural home-stay landscape characteristics and can promote the all-round development of them. On the basis of the current research results in the field of landscape evaluation, introducing the AHP-FCE evaluation theory and following the principle of choosing evaluation index, set up a comprehensive evaluation of rural home-stay landscape system. Using the comprehensive evaluation of ShangTianZhu home-stay landscape side of West Lake in Hangzhou China as a case and it prove the operability of the evaluation model.
Abstract: The comprehensive evaluation is a significant part of rural home-stay landscape. Establishing a reasonable and accurate comprehensive system on rural home-stay landscape image, it will be benefit for making rural home-stay landscape characteristics and can promote the all-round development of them. On the basis of the current research results in th...
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