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A Comparison between Two Field Methods of Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential in the Bandar Abbas City
Mohammad Naderi Pour,
Adel Asakereh
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-2, March 2015
Pages:
1-5
Received:
14 December 2014
Accepted:
17 December 2014
Published:
19 January 2015
Abstract: The geotechnical characteristics of the soil layers are one of the main factors influencing liquefaction potential of the ground. In common usage, liquefaction refers to the loss of strength in saturated, cohesionless soils due to the build-up of pore water pressures during dynamic loading. The following five screening criteria, are recommended for completing a liquefaction evaluation: Geologic age and origin, Fines content and plasticity index, Saturation, Depth below ground surface and Soil penetration resistance. The liquefaction resistance of soils can be evaluated using laboratory tests such as cyclic simple shear, cyclic triaxial, cyclic torsional shear, and field methods such as Standard Penetration Test (SPT), Cone Penetration Test (CPT), and Shear Wave Velocity (Vs). The present study is aimed at comparing the results of two field methods used to evaluate liquefaction resistance of soil, i.e. SPT and CPT. It is concluded that the liquefaction evaluation methods based on the SPT data show more conservative results compared with those based on the CPT data.
Abstract: The geotechnical characteristics of the soil layers are one of the main factors influencing liquefaction potential of the ground. In common usage, liquefaction refers to the loss of strength in saturated, cohesionless soils due to the build-up of pore water pressures during dynamic loading. The following five screening criteria, are recommended for...
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The Role of Passive Defense in Reducing the Risks of Earthquakes
Mohammadreza Nikoumanesh,
Alireza Nazarkhah
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-2, March 2015
Pages:
6-9
Received:
13 January 2015
Accepted:
17 January 2015
Published:
5 February 2015
Abstract: The protection and stabilization of populous industrial cities that are near active faults in Iran against risks of earthquakes are of important duties of each Iranian. The goals of passive defense against earthquakes include the continuation of infrastructure activities, provision of essential requirements, continuity of public services, and facilitation of the country’s management in threatening conditions, crises, earthquakes, and any other natural events and disasters. Maintenance of the government’s managing power is possible through the implementation of passive defense projects and reduction of the vulnerability of vital structures. Therefore, every program designed and implemented as the passive defense seeks to increase the capacity of the country for dealing with probable threats of any natural disasters, especially earthquakes, and also improve the public tolerance threshold and capabilities to face with emergencies and crises besides paying attention to security and economic problems.
Abstract: The protection and stabilization of populous industrial cities that are near active faults in Iran against risks of earthquakes are of important duties of each Iranian. The goals of passive defense against earthquakes include the continuation of infrastructure activities, provision of essential requirements, continuity of public services, and facil...
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The Study of Different Geometrical Parameter Effects for Single Grid Layers of Space Structure on Performance Level for Vertical Load of Earthquake
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-2, March 2015
Pages:
10-17
Received:
13 January 2015
Accepted:
17 January 2015
Published:
8 February 2015
Abstract: Acceptance and popularity of space structure among architectures and designers is due to reasons such as: great spans covering, magnificent architecture, extremely low weight, the ease of building process, speed in installation, quality of response to earthquake, etc. Considering that usually large population live in space structured buildings, resistance and safety of the structures against destructive factors such as earthquake is very important. In this paper, we examine the effects of different geometrical parameters such as: type and shape of support on performance level of single grid layer of space structures and their performance at different risk stages are examined based on the regulations stated in Iranian Standard for Retrofitting of Existing Buildings. Since there is no acceptance criteria in international codes defined for determination of performance level (among Iranian code) in space structures, these criteria are suggested primarily. Finally performance points and levels of these structures are obtained by illustrating the capacity curves. Nonlinear static analyses (pushover) are carried out on the selected models using SAP and ANSYS software. Performance levels and capacity spectrums are obtained by FEMA and ATC40 bylaw.
Abstract: Acceptance and popularity of space structure among architectures and designers is due to reasons such as: great spans covering, magnificent architecture, extremely low weight, the ease of building process, speed in installation, quality of response to earthquake, etc. Considering that usually large population live in space structured buildings, res...
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Remotely Sensed Ore Mineralization Potentials in Ramand Altered Region, North of Iran
Abolfazl Ezzati,
Reza Mehrnia,
Kimiya Ajayebi
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-2, March 2015
Pages:
18-23
Received:
13 January 2015
Accepted:
17 January 2015
Published:
8 February 2015
Abstract: In some regions the main geological occurrences contain igneous pyroclastics formations such as rhyodacite and rhyolithic tuffs. An extended region with dominant alterations has been detected by remote sensing techniques for sampling purposes according to field observation activities. Enhancement of alterations has been done in Ramand region after applying a Crosta-based selective principle component analysis technique on ETM photomaps. Advanced Silicification haloes are most important evidence indicate to Base and Precious metals potentials in postmagmatic environments. For identifying the Silica content and related variations in epithermal systems, Crosta technique is adequate. This method introduces to recognition some clay and iron-oxides aggregations as the main part of gold bearing hydrothermal alterations in prospected regions. Concluded photomaps of which signals have been improved by mathematical analysis contained number of unique digital numbers related to mineralization potentials in Ramand region, Qazvin province, Iran.
Abstract: In some regions the main geological occurrences contain igneous pyroclastics formations such as rhyodacite and rhyolithic tuffs. An extended region with dominant alterations has been detected by remote sensing techniques for sampling purposes according to field observation activities. Enhancement of alterations has been done in Ramand region after ...
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Reconstruction of Urban Worn-Out Textures and Reduction in Risk Taking (Case Study: Shushtar City)
Fatemeh Monjezi,
Hasan Beik Mohammadi
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-2, March 2015
Pages:
24-29
Received:
13 January 2015
Accepted:
17 January 2015
Published:
12 February 2015
Abstract: Worn – out textures for a number of reasons such as lack of technical and engineering criteria in the construction of the buildings, non – efficient communication network, lack of urban installations and facilities, are more susceptible to natural hazards. The aim of this research is to reduce risk- taking of old and worn – out textures of Shushtar City in the process of reconstruction of this texture. Tools of gathering information in this research are the desk studies, observation, using of the maps, documents and queries. SWOT strategic model has been employed and the SPSS software has been used for the data analysis. The results of this research show that in this texture , the low quality of the buildings , construction material , narrow width of passages, inability of the inhabitants in reconstruction and renovation of old and worn – out textures , makes it necessary to seek a remedy for elimination of risk-taking.
Abstract: Worn – out textures for a number of reasons such as lack of technical and engineering criteria in the construction of the buildings, non – efficient communication network, lack of urban installations and facilities, are more susceptible to natural hazards. The aim of this research is to reduce risk- taking of old and worn – out textures of Shushtar...
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Comparison of Different Methods for Evaluating the Liquefaction Potential of Sandy Soils in Bandar Abbas
Masood Mosaffa,
Moosa Rafiee
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-2, March 2015
Pages:
30-32
Received:
16 January 2015
Accepted:
19 January 2015
Published:
12 February 2015
Abstract: Liquefaction is a phenomenon in which the shear strength of the soil dramatically is reduced or even eliminated in a short time. This phenomenon occurs in non-cohesive, saturation and sleazy soils that have been subjected to ground motions and result of earthquakes. This study compares the results of different methods for evaluating liquefaction potential in the sandy soils of Bandar Abbas coastal city. Based on this, the results of standard penetration test from geotechnical data of two boreholes drilling machine have been used in the coastal city of Bandar Abbas, Iran.
Abstract: Liquefaction is a phenomenon in which the shear strength of the soil dramatically is reduced or even eliminated in a short time. This phenomenon occurs in non-cohesive, saturation and sleazy soils that have been subjected to ground motions and result of earthquakes. This study compares the results of different methods for evaluating liquefaction po...
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Evaluating Methods for 3D CFD Models in Sediment Transport Computations
Hamid Reza Madihi,
Sina Bani Amerian
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-2, March 2015
Pages:
33-37
Received:
16 January 2015
Accepted:
19 January 2015
Published:
12 February 2015
Abstract: Usual uncertainties in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results include numerical errors, modeling errors, program bugs, mistakes in input parameters and boundary conditions. The errors can be assessed using itemized results from the CFD program together with its documentation. Each uncertainty can be assessed by evaluating the variables against each other, parameter responsiveness examinations and testing for simplified items. The role is made easier if the program is as transparent as possible. This means that the user can see the values of all the pertinent variables and mediatory results for the whole computational domain. Together with an extensive collection of documents of the computer program that includes all the formulas used, the user can be able to find the causes of suspect results, including an estimation of possible bugs. An important tool in the testing of a CFD program is using simplified cases, generally channels with uniform one-dimensional flow.
Abstract: Usual uncertainties in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results include numerical errors, modeling errors, program bugs, mistakes in input parameters and boundary conditions. The errors can be assessed using itemized results from the CFD program together with its documentation. Each uncertainty can be assessed by evaluating the variables against ...
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Reviewing the FRP Strengthening Systems
Seyyed Mohammad Banijamali,
Mohammad Reza Esfahani,
Shoeib Nosratollahi,
Mohammad Reza Sohrabi,
Seyyed Roohollah Mousavi
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-2, March 2015
Pages:
38-43
Received:
21 January 2015
Accepted:
22 January 2015
Published:
24 March 2015
Abstract: Several methods have been invented for flexural strengthening of RC beams using the FRP materials in recent years. These techniques are categorized into two main groups: Externally Bonded Reinforcement (EBR) techniques and Near Surface Mounted (NSM) techniques. The EBR family contains EBR (with conventional surface preparation), EBROG, EBRIG, MF-EBR, HOLING methods. The NSM family contains NSM-FRP Rods, NSM-FRP Sheets, NSM-MMFRP Rods methods. The EBR family techniques Despite the ease of implementation have weaknesses such as vulnerability against sever environmental conditions. Although the NSM techniques, have longer installation time than the EBR family techniques but in these methods the strengthening materials are greatly protected against the environmental effects. In this paper, the various techniques for flexural strengthening of RC members from both the EBR and NSM families have been fully described and advantages and disadvantages of each technique have been discussed.
Abstract: Several methods have been invented for flexural strengthening of RC beams using the FRP materials in recent years. These techniques are categorized into two main groups: Externally Bonded Reinforcement (EBR) techniques and Near Surface Mounted (NSM) techniques. The EBR family contains EBR (with conventional surface preparation), EBROG, EBRIG, MF-EB...
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A Computer Simulated Model for Load-Application Capacity Check of Chicken Egg
Hasan Dehghanzadeh Najm Abad,
Eisa Salajegheh,
Amir Ahmad Hedayat
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-2, March 2015
Pages:
44-52
Received:
30 January 2015
Accepted:
1 February 2015
Published:
9 May 2015
Abstract: The material, form and geometric shape of egghavebeen designed in a way that nobody could ever break an egg squeezing it lengthwise. This research is based on the pattern of human palm. Two soft and concave seating bases are built in order to hold the two ends of the chicken egg. Differentchicken eggs with various geometric shapes were examined by Zwick compression strength test while they were raw, baked and empty. The maximum failing force (breaking of the egg) was 988 Newton.Static linear and nonlinear analysis and modeling of material and geometry is done by Ansys software or with Shell181 element. Early results show that chicken egg content has no effect on its load-application capacity and the reason of breaking are exceeded orbital tensile stresses. With the same thickness, eggs with length to width ratio of 1.4 have the highest load-application capacity and eggs with length to width ratio of 1.7 have the lowest load-application capacity.
Abstract: The material, form and geometric shape of egghavebeen designed in a way that nobody could ever break an egg squeezing it lengthwise. This research is based on the pattern of human palm. Two soft and concave seating bases are built in order to hold the two ends of the chicken egg. Differentchicken eggs with various geometric shapes were examined by ...
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The Investigation of Negative Effects of Salt Dome on the Quality of Water in Gotvand Olya Dam and the Use of Cut-off Wall as Treatment
Mahmood Mansournejad,
Behzad Kalantari,
Mehdi Mahdavi Adeli
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-2, March 2015
Pages:
53-56
Received:
7 May 2015
Accepted:
8 May 2015
Published:
7 August 2015
Abstract: The fact that Gachsaran salt formation is located in the river behind Gotvand Olya dam, Karon River has become more salty. This issue has raised the concern of destruction of agricultural fields located under the dam in scientific associations and media. Irrespective of any political perspective, the present research seeks to investigate this issue from scientific and practical point of view and evaluate the works done by employers and consultants with the aim of finding an effective treatment and examining the reasons for failure and unsuccessful attempts in this regards. In this paper, after introducing the dam project and conducting a comprehensive geological investigation in the determined territory and also introducing the treatment method used by the project’s consultant which is based on construction of a clay wall along the salt dome, the sampling of the soil for construction of the mentioned wall and the upstream and downstream water was done. The results obtained from this test and sampling indicate the implausibility and impossibility of the wall and the necessity of investigating and taking prompt actions regarding this issue.
Abstract: The fact that Gachsaran salt formation is located in the river behind Gotvand Olya dam, Karon River has become more salty. This issue has raised the concern of destruction of agricultural fields located under the dam in scientific associations and media. Irrespective of any political perspective, the present research seeks to investigate this issue...
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Comparison Between Experimental Modelling and Analytical Solution of Dam Break
Amir Heshmati-Far,
Amirhossein Roohezamin,
Amir Mahmoudi Anzabi
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-2, March 2015
Pages:
57-59
Received:
12 October 2015
Accepted:
25 October 2015
Published:
30 November 2015
Abstract: The dam break is a very important phenomenon that occurs in the dams as one of the most important hydraulic structures. This study has tried to model this phenomenon experimentally and the results of the experiments are compared with the response of the analytical solution of characteristic method. The experiments are done in both dry and wet downstream. Finally, sources of error which cause a slight difference between the experimental and theoretical results are discussed.
Abstract: The dam break is a very important phenomenon that occurs in the dams as one of the most important hydraulic structures. This study has tried to model this phenomenon experimentally and the results of the experiments are compared with the response of the analytical solution of characteristic method. The experiments are done in both dry and wet downs...
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Effective Factors in Causing Leakage in Water Supply Systems and Urban Water Distribution Networks
Hassan Saghi,
Abbas Ansari Aval
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-2, March 2015
Pages:
60-63
Received:
12 October 2015
Accepted:
14 October 2015
Published:
30 November 2015
Abstract: Water has a vital role in the country‘s economic development, since most part of it is dry and desert. Whereas, water has been cheap and easy accessing, the authorities of the urban water distribution organizations have not paid so much attention to the decreasing of the unaccounted for water (U.F.W) as a solution for saving water, the decreasing of the cost of preparing water and the increasing of their efficiency or income. In recent years, the U.F.W has been paid attention because of the shortage of resources and the cost increasing of water preparation. Therefore, along with preparing water from new resources, the water wasting in different stages of transmission, refinement and distribution of water should be prevented as a long term programing. In this article, the effective elements in causing leak have been explained. The results show that the most leakage of water deals with the parameters such as pressure, quality, diameter and age of the pipes.
Abstract: Water has a vital role in the country‘s economic development, since most part of it is dry and desert. Whereas, water has been cheap and easy accessing, the authorities of the urban water distribution organizations have not paid so much attention to the decreasing of the unaccounted for water (U.F.W) as a solution for saving water, the decreasing o...
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Quantitative and Qualitatively Evaluation of New Technologies in Perspective of Construction Optimization
Hassan Saghi,
Nima Arefizadeh
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-2, March 2015
Pages:
64-68
Received:
12 October 2015
Accepted:
14 October 2015
Published:
30 November 2015
Abstract: Novel research studies to find approaches to reduce the cost and time in technology and materials of construction has resulted in modern technologies including insulating concrete formwork, hebelex blocks materials, roof technology of metal deck, Light Steel Framing and Rebar butt forge welding process. Investigation of the new technologies for construction in terms of the cost and time is the purpose of this paper. At first, these technologies are introduced. Then elements, restrictions and some unique special features of this system are presented. In addition, these technologies are studied in an important regarded for the optimization parameters including the cost and time. This paper provides a quantitative, qualitative and relative comparison between different techniques. Furthermore, new optimized technologies are determined and other new technologies for the investigating factors of optimization are suggested.
Abstract: Novel research studies to find approaches to reduce the cost and time in technology and materials of construction has resulted in modern technologies including insulating concrete formwork, hebelex blocks materials, roof technology of metal deck, Light Steel Framing and Rebar butt forge welding process. Investigation of the new technologies for con...
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Characteristics and Preparation Method of Sulfur Extended Asphalt Mixtures
Vahid Rezvani,
Hassan Saghi
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-2, March 2015
Pages:
69-74
Received:
4 November 2015
Accepted:
5 November 2015
Published:
30 November 2015
Abstract: Huge amount of sulfur production as a side product in petrochemical industries and its low application in country has been a challenging issue. In this paper, application of sulfur as a partial substitute for bitumen in process of asphalt mixture production is investigated. According to the results, the characteristics of the sulfur extended asphalt in comparison with the conventional asphalt made from pure bitumen, and the impact of sulfur addition on asphalt performance are expressed and the optimized formula for making the asphalt mixture is obtained. In this content, the modified asphalt was produced in mass production scale and its performance was studied. In this paper, the method of sulfur addition to pure bitumen and then its mixture with aggregate and finally optimized condition of sulfur modified asphalt production regarding pollution and environmental issues are also proposed.
Abstract: Huge amount of sulfur production as a side product in petrochemical industries and its low application in country has been a challenging issue. In this paper, application of sulfur as a partial substitute for bitumen in process of asphalt mixture production is investigated. According to the results, the characteristics of the sulfur extended asphal...
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The Impact of the Depth and Type of Soil Granulation Above the Bearing Capacity of the Ring Footing
Saeid Azmoodeh,
Nasser Arafati
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-2, March 2015
Pages:
75-79
Received:
4 November 2015
Accepted:
5 November 2015
Published:
14 December 2015
Abstract: Obtaining bearing capacity of the footing is among the factors influencing the footings design. In this paper, the study of the type and depth impact of the soil granulation above the bearing capacity of the ring footing through the assistance of FLAC software is conducted. The failure criterion intended for the soil is Mohr-Coulomb. The study of the bearing capacity of ring footing of ten thousand cubic meter of Mazut tank of Mashhad Cement Company on three types of soil, topsoil, clay and sand has been carried out. The results indicate that the loading capacity increases by granularity becoming coarser due to the increase of the contact area of the granulation and the increase of friction and the soil structure stability. Also the less the poorer soil depth (in terms of granularity) is, the more limited subsidence is, hence the bearing capacity increases.
Abstract: Obtaining bearing capacity of the footing is among the factors influencing the footings design. In this paper, the study of the type and depth impact of the soil granulation above the bearing capacity of the ring footing through the assistance of FLAC software is conducted. The failure criterion intended for the soil is Mohr-Coulomb. The study of t...
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Evaluation of Ten Thousand Cubic Meters Mazut Tank Behavior Against Explosive Charges
Saeid Azmoodeh,
Nasser Arafati
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-2, March 2015
Pages:
80-85
Received:
13 November 2015
Accepted:
16 November 2015
Published:
17 December 2015
Abstract: Considering the terrorist threats and blasts, which may occur to destroy a structure, the effect of explosive on a 10 thousand cubic meter Mazut tank of Mashhad Cement Company is studied. This article studies the behavior of 10 thousand cubic meter tank of storing Mazut with the help of ABQUS3D software. The explosive considered is TNT, which is studied in distances of 15, 25, 50, 100, 200 meters to the structure and with various thicknesses of the tank wall. Finally, the results indicate that by the increase of the wall thickness, the blast effect will mitigate. Also due to the surface wave generated, by the reduction of the blast distance to the structure, the effectiveness of the blast wave will be greater and ultimately, in a distance less than 15 meters, the tank will collapse.
Abstract: Considering the terrorist threats and blasts, which may occur to destroy a structure, the effect of explosive on a 10 thousand cubic meter Mazut tank of Mashhad Cement Company is studied. This article studies the behavior of 10 thousand cubic meter tank of storing Mazut with the help of ABQUS3D software. The explosive considered is TNT, which is st...
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