Further Understanding of Metabolic Processes for Crop Improvement – An Integrated Approach with Reference to Deprived and Developed Countries
Adhikarla Suryanarayana Rao
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
17-30
Received:
6 May 2020
Accepted:
21 May 2020
Published:
17 June 2020
Abstract: Food deficiency, particularly protein-calorie malnutrition is a concern in many countries in Africa and Asia. An exhaustive survey of recent research efforts to alleviate the problem has been made. A due appraisal of the existing information has been given. Appraisal and critical analysis of the existing information has been discussed with reference to: techniques and methodology employed to understand and manipulate metabolism; inter-relationships between different nutrient sources, translocation of water and nutrients and utilization by different sinks; biochemical composition of seeds; seed storage protein fractions; amino acid deficiencies and human nutrition; inorganic nitrogen assimilation; symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation; ammonia assimilation; amide versus ureide transport; composition of xylem and phloem saps; biochemical changes during leaf senescence; metabolic reworking of amino acids; cell division and cell expansion during seed development; determinate and indeterminate cultivars; crop performance under varying cultural and environmental conditions; harvest index; yield compensatory mechanisms; combining conventional and modern approaches and complementation of agriculture with animal husbandry. Based on the existing data, possible ways of future planning have been highlighted. Need for public and national awareness has been emphasized with respect to assessing priorities of nutritional needs; resorting to complementary/supplementary food items; recommended daily dietary requirements; increased utilization of land towards agriculture and /or animal husbandry and the need for international aid.
Abstract: Food deficiency, particularly protein-calorie malnutrition is a concern in many countries in Africa and Asia. An exhaustive survey of recent research efforts to alleviate the problem has been made. A due appraisal of the existing information has been given. Appraisal and critical analysis of the existing information has been discussed with referenc...
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Performance Evaluation and Response of Yield Components and Yield of Bread Wheat to NPK Fertilizers at Hidebu Abote District of North Shewa Zone, Oromia
Abreham Feyisa,
Abera Donis,
Dereje Girma
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
31-36
Received:
20 May 2020
Accepted:
1 June 2020
Published:
23 June 2020
Abstract: A field experiment was carried out on nitisols of Hidebu Abote district, North Shewa Zone, Oromia where wheat production is severely constrained by lack of an appropriate rate and types of fertilizer recommendation to evaluate wheat crop response to NPK fertilizer application. Fifteen NPK nutrients levels were considered and applied as treatments along with control (no fertilizer) at yaya Deka Bora peasant association were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at two farmers field. The ANOVA result indicated that plant height (PH), above ground biomass yield (AGBMY), straw yield (SY), Thousand grain weight (TGW), grain yield (GY) and harvest index (HI) of bread wheat showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) response to the NPK fertilizer application at both sites. The highest AGBMY (13.61 and 12.46 tons ha-1), SY (8.13 and 7.33 tons ha-1) and GY (5475.00 and 5414.33 kg ha-1) were recorded with the application of 69:30:20 NPK fertilizer combination at (site 1 and site 2) respectively and the lowest were recorded on control treatments. However the highest PH (103.8 and 97.27 cm) at site 1 and site 2 was recorded respectively with the application of 92:10:20 NPK nutrients combinations. Both the statically and economical analysis showed that 69:30:20 NPK kg ha-1 of fertilizer application results in higher yield and economically profitable for bread wheat production in the study area. However further research experiment with multi locations, cropping seasons and different bread wheat cultivar have to be required in order to give best conclusive recommendation for the farmers.
Abstract: A field experiment was carried out on nitisols of Hidebu Abote district, North Shewa Zone, Oromia where wheat production is severely constrained by lack of an appropriate rate and types of fertilizer recommendation to evaluate wheat crop response to NPK fertilizer application. Fifteen NPK nutrients levels were considered and applied as treatments a...
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Effect of Cassava Intercropping with Legume Crops Followed by Sorghum on Growth, Yield and Yield Parameters of Cassava-Based Double Cropping System
Gebisa Benti,
Gezu Degafa,
Mohammed Jafar,
Habte Birhanu
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
37-42
Received:
24 March 2020
Accepted:
11 May 2020
Published:
30 July 2020
Abstract: Some lowland farmers of eastern Harerghe survive with some grain support from government and different NGOs due to shortage of rainfall and prevalence of drought. In Harerghe, intercropping is well practiced and most of farmers intercrop Khat with sorghum and groundnut, but single production per year. To these gaps the experiment was proposed and conducted under rainfed conditions at Fedis Agricultural Research Center of Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (OARI) at Boko sub-site, eastern Ethiopia to determine the compatibility of crops in double cropping system and efficient land use for the component crops. Experimental was conducted in two phases: cassava (Variety Kello) with legumes (soybean, haricot bean and cowpea) and cassava based sorghum varieties (Hormat, Gedo and Birhan) in one cropping season. The treatments were arranged as intercropping and sole cropping. A total of 7 treatments for preceding and 7 treatments for cassava-based succeeding treatments were arranged in completely randomized block design with three replications. Variety Kello was used for the experiment. The results revealed that there were significant (P<0.05) differences for cassava average root weight, number of roots per plant, root diameter and root yield due to cassava-legumes intercropping. Soybean-cassava intercropping increased average root weight, root numbers and root enlargement of cassava by 39, 33.6 and 27.7% as compared to cassava- cowpea intercropping. Cowpea intercropping in cassava was significantly affected cassava root yield as compared to other legumes intercrop. Cassava-soybean intercropping was increased root yield by 41.7 and 21.3% as compared to cassava-cowpea and cassava-haricot bean, respectively. Cassava-soybean intercropping improved land use efficiency by 16.4 and 19.3% as compared to cassava-cowpea and cassava-haricot bean intercropping, respectively. Accordingly, pure stands could required 74, 40 and 46% more land i.e. the mixture cropping gives 74, 40 and 46% yield advantage, for soybean, haricot bean and cowpea, respectively, as intercropped in cassava than the pure stand. Following the harvest of legumes, sorghum was sown as double crop for additional yield advantage. The highest organic matter and total nitrogen was recorded for the pure stand plot of cassava followed by cassava-soybean intercropping. Therefore, from this result view, cassava-soybean intercropping following cassava-based early maturing sorghum was recommended for the study area and similar agro ecologies.
Abstract: Some lowland farmers of eastern Harerghe survive with some grain support from government and different NGOs due to shortage of rainfall and prevalence of drought. In Harerghe, intercropping is well practiced and most of farmers intercrop Khat with sorghum and groundnut, but single production per year. To these gaps the experiment was proposed and c...
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