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Effect of Aerated and Non-aerated Compost Steepages on the Severity and Incidence of Major Fungal Diseases of Faba Bean; Botrytis fabae, Uromyces vicia fabae and Ascochyta fabae
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
85-92
Received:
18 August 2017
Accepted:
5 September 2017
Published:
20 November 2017
Abstract: Faba bean is attacked by a number of fungal diseases, among which Chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae, Ascochyta blight (Ascochyta fabae) and rust (Uromyces vicia faba) are the major ones. Chocolate spot and rust are the major diseases which can reduce yield by about 61 and 21%, respectively. The use of effective synthetic fungicides is one the control options frequently practiced in Ethiopia. Environmental hazard and economic unfeasibility of this option makes the search for environmentally safe, economically affordable and easily available control measures inevitable. This trial is planned to investigate the efficacy of cow and horse dung compost teas against the in vivo growth of Chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae, Ascochyta blight (Ascochyta fabae) and rust (Uromyces vicia faba). The result showed that B. fabae reduced to less than 22% severity by application of aerated cow and horse dung compost teas. It was also possible to lower the severity of A. fabae to 18.5% from treatment of aerated cow and aerated anon aerated horse dung compost teas. Moreover, with the use of aerated cow dung compost extract rust could be minimized to about 22.2% severity. From this experiment, it has become clear that compost teas of the two sources are effective against severity of the three diseases. It is important that thorough investigation is required on the practicality of the compost teas to fully exploit their potential.
Abstract: Faba bean is attacked by a number of fungal diseases, among which Chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae, Ascochyta blight (Ascochyta fabae) and rust (Uromyces vicia faba) are the major ones. Chocolate spot and rust are the major diseases which can reduce yield by about 61 and 21%, respectively. The use of effective synthetic fungicides is one the control ...
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AMMI Model for Yield Stability Analysis of Linseed Genotypes for the Highlands of Bale, Ethiopia
Tadele Tadesse,
Amanuel Tekalign,
Gashaw Sefera,
Behailu Muligeta
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
93-98
Received:
11 October 2017
Accepted:
25 October 2017
Published:
7 December 2017
Abstract: In order to determine stable linseed genotypes with high grain yield, field experiments were conducted with 14 genotypes for two years (2014-2015) at three locations in the highlands of Bale zone, Ethiopia. The genotypes were laid out in randomized complete design with four replications in each environment. The objective of this study was to identify and recommend high yielder, stable genotypes for testing sites and similar agro-ecologies using the stability parameters. The combined analysis of variance showed highly significant differences for the genotypes, environment, and genotype by environment interaction indicating the possible existence of stable genotypes among the tested once. The results of AMMI (additive main effect and multiplicative interaction) analysis indicated that the first two AMMI (AMMI1-AMMI2) were highly significant (P<0.01). The partitioning of the total sum of square exhibited that the effect of environment was a predominant source of variation followed by genotypes and GE interaction effect. Based on the stability parameters regression coefficient, deviation from regression and mean grain yield out of the tested G6, G9, G11, and G8 were found to be stable. However, the AMMI Stability Value (ASV) discriminated genotypes G12, G4, G6, G13, and G9 as stable genotypes respectively. Based on the Genotypes Selection Index (GSI) the most stable genotypes with high grain yield were G6 and G9. Therefore these two genotypes were identified as candidate genotypes to be verified for possible release.
Abstract: In order to determine stable linseed genotypes with high grain yield, field experiments were conducted with 14 genotypes for two years (2014-2015) at three locations in the highlands of Bale zone, Ethiopia. The genotypes were laid out in randomized complete design with four replications in each environment. The objective of this study was to identi...
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Identification of Stability and Adaptability of Small Red Bean Cultivars Using AMMI Analysis
Tadele Tadesse,
Amanuel Tekalign,
Behailu Mulugeta,
Gashaw Sefera
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
99-103
Received:
24 October 2017
Accepted:
3 November 2017
Published:
7 December 2017
Abstract: Genotype x location interaction effects are of special interest for breeding programs to identify adaptation targets, adaptive traits and test sites. In order to identify stability and adaptability of small red bean cultivars sixteen genotypes were evaluated at the mid altitude of bale zone southeastern Ethiopia during main season 2015 and 2016. The cultivars were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications at each site of Goro, Ginir and Dellomena. The combined analysis of variance for mean grain yield revealed significant variation for genotypes, environment and GE interaction. The analysis of variance for the AMMI (Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction) revealed that significant variation for genotypes, environment and GE interaction. From this analysis 42.53% was explained by AMMI 1 followed by AMMI 2 (28.29%), AMMI 3 (19.76%) and AMMI 4 (7.10%) of the interaction sum of squares. Therefore, the first two AMMI components justified 70.82% of the GE interaction sum of squares. The stability parameters regression coefficient (bi), deviation from regression analysis and ASV identifies G7, G6, G11, G1 and G12 showed the least value for ASV indicating as these genotypes showed stable performance over the sites. However stable cultivar wouldn’t necessarily gave the highest seed yield. Therefore based on Genotype Selection Index (GSI) which considers both the ASV and the mean yield, G8, G3, G6 and G7 were the most stable genotypes identified over the tested environments. Therefore, out of the tested genotypes, G8 and G3 were identified as stable cultivar to be selected for possible release during the coming cropping seasons.
Abstract: Genotype x location interaction effects are of special interest for breeding programs to identify adaptation targets, adaptive traits and test sites. In order to identify stability and adaptability of small red bean cultivars sixteen genotypes were evaluated at the mid altitude of bale zone southeastern Ethiopia during main season 2015 and 2016. Th...
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Simulation of Atmospheric Humidity Uptake by the Aerial Roots of Plants
Médéhouénou Enagnon Alexis,
Kounouhéwa Bruno Basile,
Kouchadé Clément
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
104-109
Received:
14 August 2017
Accepted:
31 August 2017
Published:
22 December 2017
Abstract: The mobilization of water by the plant is one of the main challenges of the moment given the threats of food insecurity whose main cause is climate change. The atmosphere contains moisture at any time of the year in the arid or semi-arid zone. Apart from the underground roots naturally possessed by many plants, there are plants which possess exclusively or not aerial roots. In the search for methods of adapting crops to water stress, it is imperative to deepen knowledge about interaction between atmospheric humidity and the aerial roots of plants with respect to water absorption. Assuming transfer coefficients of the aerial roots homogeneous and taking into account the variability of the water potential of atmospheric humidity, simulations showed that relative air humidity, root size, and radial and axial transfer coefficients strongly influence radial and axial flows and therefore the amount of water absorbed by the roots.
Abstract: The mobilization of water by the plant is one of the main challenges of the moment given the threats of food insecurity whose main cause is climate change. The atmosphere contains moisture at any time of the year in the arid or semi-arid zone. Apart from the underground roots naturally possessed by many plants, there are plants which possess exclus...
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