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Screening for Drought Tolerance in Tepary and Common Bean Based on Osmotic Potential Assays
Jose Cruz Jimenez-Galindo,
Lorena Alvarez-Iglesias,
Pedro Revilla-Temino,
Rodolfo Jacinto-Soto,
Luis Enrique Garcia-Dominguez,
Maria de La Fuente-Martinez,
Rosa Ana Malvar-Pintos,
Bernardo Ordas-Lopez,
Albert Jody Vander Wal,
Juan Manuel Osorno
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
24-32
Received:
14 June 2018
Accepted:
11 July 2018
Published:
6 August 2018
Abstract: Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important food legume grown worldwide. In Mexico, it is a strategic crop, occupying the second place in terms of cultivated area. Drought is the main problem for common bean production in Mexico. Some tepary (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) and common bean genotypes can be a source for drought tolerance to improve commercial cultivars. The main objectives of this study were the evaluation of germination and seedling growth components in response to drought stress and the identification of sources of drought tolerance in both tepary and common bean. The experiment was conducted using various osmotic pressures (OP) induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) (0, -0.15, -0.30 and -0.49 MPa) simulating an increase of drought stress in seven common bean and three tepary bean genotypes. The most drought-tolerant genotypes were two tepary beans: Tepary cafe which had a reduced root length of 21.4% and Tepary negro that decrease root length in a 29.7% compared to control at high osmotic pressure. Besides, two common beans: Rosa Bufa and Santa Fe (which decreased root length at high osmotic pressure in 46.0% and 34.2%, respectively) could be used as sources of favorable alleles to improve bean tolerance to drought. There are different strategies to tolerate drought, such as developing a long root, root fresh weight, and root dry weight.
Abstract: Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important food legume grown worldwide. In Mexico, it is a strategic crop, occupying the second place in terms of cultivated area. Drought is the main problem for common bean production in Mexico. Some tepary (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) and common bean genotypes can be a source for drought toleranc...
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Use of Audio-Visual Materials in Teaching and Learning of Classification of Living Things Among Secondary School Students in Sabon Gari LGA of Kaduna State
Adamu Tairu Idris,
Ibrahim Muhammad Shamsuddin,
Adamu Tairu Arome,
Ibrahim Aminu
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
33-37
Received:
12 June 2018
Accepted:
4 July 2018
Published:
15 August 2018
Abstract: This research work examined the use of Audio-Visual Materials in teaching and learning among secondary school students in Sabon Gari Local Government Area of Kaduna State. Its main objective is to examine the impact of the use of Audio-Visual materials on the academic achievement of students. In this study, a quasi-experimental research design was used with a Classification of Living Things Achievement Test (CLTAT) as data collection instrument. This research analyze the necessity of audio-visual technology to teaching and also brings out the problems faced by using these technologies. It also aims to make science teachers aware of the strategies to use it in an effective manner. 100 students were used from five selected schools in Sabon Gari Local Government Area of Kaduna State for the study. The analytical tool used was t-test using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22 (SPSS, 22). Thus from the results obtained, it shows that there is unavailability of such materials in the study area and with a significant level of 0.001 using T-test, it shows that using audio-visual aids in teaching classification of living things plays the role of enhancing students’ academic performance.
Abstract: This research work examined the use of Audio-Visual Materials in teaching and learning among secondary school students in Sabon Gari Local Government Area of Kaduna State. Its main objective is to examine the impact of the use of Audio-Visual materials on the academic achievement of students. In this study, a quasi-experimental research design was ...
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Protective Effects of Resistant Beans on Maize Damage by Mythimna unipuncta and Sitotroga cerealella
José Cruz Jimenez-Galindo,
Lorena Alvarez-Iglesias,
Rosa Ana Malvar,
Pedro Revilla
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
38-42
Received:
14 June 2018
Accepted:
17 July 2018
Published:
17 August 2018
Abstract: Sitotroga cerealella is the main pest of maize grains and Mythimna unipuncta is a generalist defoliating pest that often attacks maize. Two Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) genotypes, Tepary pinto yellow (Yellow T) and Tepary pinto negro (Black T), repel pest attacks on beans and, since beans and maize have co-evolved in America, we hypothesized that they could also protect maize against the attack of similar pests. Yellow T showed antixenosis against larvae in young maize plants. Pinto Saltillo (P. Saltillo) (P. vulgaris) and Yellow T controlled the consumption of maize leaves. No significant differences were found between these two genotypes for Mythimna unipuncta growth in bioassays with artificial diets. We found significant differences for number of holes caused by Sitotroga cerealella attack in maize grains being lowest for Yellow T (43.3) and highest for PS-AZH-15 (P. vulgaris) (53.6). Number of adults was lowest for Yellow T and PS-AZH-15 and highest for Black T. Yellow T showed antixenoxis against Mythimna unipuncta and Sitotroga cerealella and can be used for partially controlling these maize pests. Furthermore, Yellow T was consistently superior to the control for both maize pests and could be used for future studies of maize protection; suggesting that there is a clear genetic regulation of this antixenotic effect. The protective mechanism has not insecticide properties; conversely, we believe that there could be substances that increase the hardness or reduce the palatability of tissues.
Abstract: Sitotroga cerealella is the main pest of maize grains and Mythimna unipuncta is a generalist defoliating pest that often attacks maize. Two Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) genotypes, Tepary pinto yellow (Yellow T) and Tepary pinto negro (Black T), repel pest attacks on beans and, since beans and maize have co-evolved in America, we hypothesized...
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Genetic Analysis of Various Agronomic Traits in Some Intra and Inter-Specific Crosses of Wheat
Imtiaz Ali,
Abdul Majid Khan,
Maria Ayub,
Akash Zafar,
Asad-ur-Rehman,
Manzoor Hussain,
Hafiz Muhammad Zia Ullah,
Muhammad Zubair,
Zeeshan Hafeez,
Khalid Mahmood,
Natasha Kanwal,
Abdul Sattar Khetran
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
43-48
Received:
12 June 2018
Accepted:
7 August 2018
Published:
6 September 2018
Abstract: Six wheat genotypes (4 hexaploid and 2 tetraploid) against plant height, days to heading, days to anthesis, days to maturity, grain filling period, grains per spike and 1000 grain weight characters were studiedfor combining ability and heterosis through 6 × 6 half diallel fashion. This experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Institute Bahawalpur during 2016-17. Results of mean square of general combing ability (GCA) and specific combing ability (SCA) was found significant for all studied characters except forplant height and grains per spike against SCA. Ratio of GCA/SCA showed the involvement of additive gene action in the inheritance of all under studied traits. Durum-1 was found best parent among all other parents against 1000 grain weight and days to heading. Miraj-08 was good general combiner as it reflected maximum grain yield per plant. Best specific combing ability and heterosis was exhibited by cross combination Ass-11× Chakwal-50, Glaxy-13 × Chakwal-50 and Chakwal-50 × Miraj-08 against plant height, grain per spike and yield character. Results indicated that selection of best general combiner would be helpful in increasing yield through hybridization and superior hybrids may develop by the selection of superior best specific combiners.
Abstract: Six wheat genotypes (4 hexaploid and 2 tetraploid) against plant height, days to heading, days to anthesis, days to maturity, grain filling period, grains per spike and 1000 grain weight characters were studiedfor combining ability and heterosis through 6 × 6 half diallel fashion. This experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Inst...
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Phytochemical Analysis and In-Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Chloroform, Water and Ethanolic Stem Extracts of Calliganum polygonoides (Phog)
Nuhu Abdullahi Mukhtar,
Maryam Nasidi Nuhu,
Jamilu Alhaji Aminu,
Hadiza Abdullahi Usman
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
49-52
Received:
8 June 2018
Accepted:
7 August 2018
Published:
15 September 2018
Abstract: Plants have been recognized long ago as rich sources of natural products for the treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases. It has been reported that plant extracts are commonly used in traditional medicine and its contribution with respect to health coverage was estimated for over 80% of the world’s population, especially in the developing world. The present investigation, qualitatively evaluated the present of some certain phytochemicals in the crude extract of the macerated plant stem obtained from three solvents (ethanol 90%, distilled water and chloroform). Ethanolic extract shows higher presence of phytochemicals over water and chloroform extract. The in-vitro antibacterial activity of crude extract of the plant’s stem was tested on one gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and one gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The test was performed by simple Agar diffusion Assay. Zone of inhibition (mm) of the extracts was determined. Of the various extract that was tested ethanolic extract was the one which shows remarkable effect on the microbes (Escherichia Coli 9.40mm and Staphylococcus Aureus 14.60mm). Based on these discovery it might be concluded that Calligonum polygonoides possessed great potential against these human pathogens. It might also be speculated that these plant extract can be subjected to further chemical and biochemical analysis to characterize their chemical constituents and the chemical compound responsible for the antibacterial activity.
Abstract: Plants have been recognized long ago as rich sources of natural products for the treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases. It has been reported that plant extracts are commonly used in traditional medicine and its contribution with respect to health coverage was estimated for over 80% of the world’s population, especially in the developing world. T...
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