Response of Triticum aestivum (L.) Plants Grown Under Cadmium Stress to Polyamines Pretreatments
Mostafa Mohamed Rady,
Mohamed Ahmed Seif El-Yazal,
Hanan Anwar Aly Taie,
Safia Mahmoud Abdel-Mageed Ahmed
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2016
Pages:
29-36
Received:
13 September 2016
Accepted:
22 September 2016
Published:
11 October 2016
Abstract: The role of exogenously-applied polyamines [i.e., spermine (Spm), spermidine (Spd) and putrescine (Put)] in the improvement of cadmium (Cd2+) tolerance in wheat plants, and their effects on growth, yield and its components and changes in the osmoprotectant and endogenous Cd2+ concentrations and the contents of some nutrients in plants grown under 2.0 mM Cd2+ stress were assessed. The efficiency of wheat plants to tolerate Cd2+ stress in terms of growth and yield characteristics was noticed to varying degrees with the three applied polyamines. The reasonable growth of Cd2+-stressed seedlings and consequently acceptable grain yield was correlated with the improvements in the concentrations of osmoprotectants and tissue health in terms of relative water content (RWC) and membrane stability index (MSI), and reductions in electrolyte leakage (EL) and tissue Cd2+ concentration. Results show that, seed soaking in 0.25 mM Spm, 0.50 mM Spd or 1.0 mM Put generated significant better growth and yield characteristics, MSI, RWC, leaf photosynthetic pigment and osmoprotectant concentrations, and nutrient contents than seed soaking with water under 2.0 mM Cd2+ stress. In contrast, the Cd2+ concentration and EL were significantly reduced. However, the Cd2+-free control was the best treatment when compared to the all other stressed treatments. Seed soaking in 1.0 mM Put was the best, generating wheat plants that most tolerant to Cd2+ stress than those generated from the other two polyamines. Therefore, this study recommend to use the 1.0 mM Put, as seed soaking treatment for wheat to grow well under Cd2+ stress.
Abstract: The role of exogenously-applied polyamines [i.e., spermine (Spm), spermidine (Spd) and putrescine (Put)] in the improvement of cadmium (Cd2+) tolerance in wheat plants, and their effects on growth, yield and its components and changes in the osmoprotectant and endogenous Cd2+ concentrations and the contents of some nutrients in plants grown under 2...
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Bio-efficacy of Crude Leaf Extracts of Eucalyptus globulus Against In vitro and In vivo Growth of Chocolate Spot (Botrytis fabae Sard.) of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)
Addisu Tegegn Tola,
Meseret Chimdessa Egigu,
Bekele Hundie Egdu
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2016
Pages:
37-44
Received:
2 September 2016
Accepted:
18 September 2016
Published:
14 October 2016
Abstract: It is widely known that faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is seriously attacked by the fungal disease, chocolate spot, caused by Botrytis fabae resulting in a yield loss ranging from 50 to 100%. Even though synthetic fungicides are used as one of the effective options for the control of plant diseases, the environmental hazards and economic unfeasibility associated with them necessitate the search for relatively safe natural products. This study was initiated to evaluate the antifungal potential of crude extracts of leaves of Eucalyptus globulus, against in vitro and in vivo growth of Botrytis fabae. In the in vitro experiment, antifungal assay was set up using different concentrations of the crude extracts. In vivo experiment was conducted in the field by planting a faba bean variety, Shallo, (EH011-22-1) and selected plants from each plot were used for extract application and subsequent data collection. Laboratory experiment showed that, compared to the control, extracts obtained from each solvent managed to produce statistically significant (p <0.05) inhibition of mycelial growth. Based on the minimum concentration, inhibition from methanol extract (42.2%) significantly varied from that of ethanol (26.3%). Nevertheless, aqueous extract was nearly statistically the same to that of methanol. On the other hand, at maximum concentration (40%), a maximum inhibition percent of 83.7, which was nearly double of that produced by aqueous extract, was recorded from ethanol extract treated plates. Field experiment has shown that the use of ethanol extract of Eucalyptus globulus produced an efficacy of about 58.4%. Number of flowers aborted, number of tillers per m2, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and hundred seeds weight were affected due to the disease suppression effect of the three extracts. However, there was quantitative variation in yield though no statistically significant difference was observed. The result of this study showed that extracts of the tested plant species have natural fungitoxic potential and showed a promising future for the development of safe natural alternative fungicides used for the control of Botrytis fabae after further pertinent tests and screening of the active principles.
Abstract: It is widely known that faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is seriously attacked by the fungal disease, chocolate spot, caused by Botrytis fabae resulting in a yield loss ranging from 50 to 100%. Even though synthetic fungicides are used as one of the effective options for the control of plant diseases, the environmental hazards and economic unfeasibility a...
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