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Effect of Henna Leaves on the Corrosion Inhibition of Tin in Acidic and Alkaline Media
Muhammad Bashir Ibrahim,
Zakariyau Sulaiman,
Bishir Usman,
Muhammad Adamu Ibrahim
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
45-51
Received:
27 August 2019
Accepted:
19 September 2019
Published:
9 October 2019
Abstract: The corrosion inhibition behaviour of Henna leaves on Tin in 1.0 M HCl and 1.0 M NaOH was investigated using weight loss technique at temperatures ranges, 25-50°C. The maximum inhibition efficiency was found to be 95.45 at optimum inhibitor concentration. The presence of the compound adsorbed on the tin coupons was verified by spectroscopic measurements of the surface before and after corrosion tests. The leaves extract of Lawsonia inermis was found to be more effective in alkaline solution. It also confirmed that the inhibition efficiency decreased with increased in temperature but increased with increasing inhibitor concentrations. The Activation energy, Gibbs free energy were found to be 28.131, 29.589 kJmol-1; -3.280, -3.245 kJmol-1 in acidic and alkaline media respectively. The adsorption was found to obey Freundlich isotherm with linear coefficient (R2) and equilibrium parameter Kads to be 0.972, 0.957; 0.06, 0.05 for both systems in acidic and alkaline media respectively. Physical adsorption mechanism is proposed from the trend of ∆Gads. The negative values of ∆Gads shows the spontaneity of the inhibition process. The increase in the activation energy of the inhibition processes with values of 80kJ/mol support the mechanism of physical adsorption process. Lawsonia inermis leaves extract has proved to be more excellent inhibitor for tin in NaOH alkaline.
Abstract: The corrosion inhibition behaviour of Henna leaves on Tin in 1.0 M HCl and 1.0 M NaOH was investigated using weight loss technique at temperatures ranges, 25-50°C. The maximum inhibition efficiency was found to be 95.45 at optimum inhibitor concentration. The presence of the compound adsorbed on the tin coupons was verified by spectroscopic measure...
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Determination of Physico-chemical Properties of Drinking Water in Merowe City, North Sudan
Mawia Hassan Elsaim,
Sumia Ahmad Nimir,
Muatz Salah
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
52-58
Received:
27 August 2019
Accepted:
12 September 2019
Published:
12 October 2019
Abstract: Water is one of the most important of all natural resources known on earth. It is important to all living organisms, most ecological systems, human health, food production and economic development. The safety of drinking water is important for the health. The safety of drinking water is affected by various contaminants, which included chemical and microbiological. Such contaminants cause serious health problems. The aim of this study was to determine the physico-chemical parameters quality of drinking water quality in Merowe city-north Sudan. The following water quality parameters were determined which were chosen as the major indicators namely PH, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Electrical conductivity (EC), Total hardness (TH), calcium, sulphate, iron, nitrate, and nitrite. Our results show that the physical and chemical quality of the waters of Merowe city was high quality. All statistics was carrying out using SPSS version (16).
Abstract: Water is one of the most important of all natural resources known on earth. It is important to all living organisms, most ecological systems, human health, food production and economic development. The safety of drinking water is important for the health. The safety of drinking water is affected by various contaminants, which included chemical and ...
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Effect of Acid Concentration on the Yield of Bio-ethanol Produced from Corncobs
Muhammad Auwal Balarabe,
Omowumi Fatima Ibuowo
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
59-62
Received:
1 September 2019
Accepted:
7 October 2019
Published:
17 October 2019
Abstract: The Rising energy requirements and atmospheric contaminations by combustion of gases and conventional fuel, has opened avenues for new, safe, effective and more accessible energy sources. Corn is one of the richest sources for the production of ethanol. This research looked the effect of concentration of sulphuric acid on the yield of bio-ethanol produced from the lingocellulosic material corncob which is an alternative over food derived ethanol, consumption of crude oil and environmental pollution. The main objective of this study is to know the best acid concentration to that can used during acid hydrolysis for the production of ethanol from the cellulosic content of corncobs. In this study, different condition was examined as to access their effect for optimum ethanol production. The method used was acid hydrolysis of corncobs with varied acid molarities of 0.4M, 0.6M, 0.8M and 1M. The UV/visible spectrophotometer of 1M H2SO4 has the highest absorbance of 0.447, followed by 0.8M (0.368), 0.6M (0.292) and 0.4M (0.253). The result obtained from the physical parameters measured for each different concentration after fermentation processes of the bio ethanol produced, 1M H2SO4 of the corncobs prepared produced the highest percentage yield (55.5%) of the bio ethanol followed by 0.8M (50.5%), 0.6M (47%) and 0.4M (42%) which was the lowest yield. This has shown that acid hydrolysis at 1M H2SO4 with moderate yeast concentration 3g/20cm3 at room temperature and atmosphere pressure can be used to improve the production of bio ethanol.
Abstract: The Rising energy requirements and atmospheric contaminations by combustion of gases and conventional fuel, has opened avenues for new, safe, effective and more accessible energy sources. Corn is one of the richest sources for the production of ethanol. This research looked the effect of concentration of sulphuric acid on the yield of bio-ethanol p...
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Synthesis and Dyeing Properties of Acid Dyes Derived from 1-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulphonic Acid
Olawale Olayinka Omotosho,
Umar Salami Ameuru
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
63-68
Received:
29 August 2019
Accepted:
20 September 2019
Published:
28 October 2019
Abstract: Natural dyes are derived from natural sources such as plants, animals and minerals. They are mostly non-substantive and can be applied on textiles materials by using mordants. Synthetic dyes are derived from organic or inorganic compound. They are cheaper, offer a vast range of new colour and impart better properties to textile materials. Synthetic dyes are widely used in industries amongst which textile processing industries are the major consumers. Acid dyes are soluble in water and it can be permanently fixed to the fibre with the addition of a weak acid and heat. A series of acid dyes were synthesized by diazotization of 1-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulphonic acid and coupled with various naphthalene derivatives such as 1-nitroso-2-naphthol, 2-nitroso-1-naphthol, 1-naphthol, 2-naphthol and N, N-dimethyl aniline. Visible absorption spectra of the dyes were examined in distilled water, ethanol and ethanol plus few drop of concentrated hydrochloric acid. The FT-IR analysis was determined to confirm the functional group present in the synthesized dye. The dye was applied on polyamide (Nylon) fabric and the colour parameters of dyed fabrics were examined to have good exhaustion between pH 3–4.5 and more intense. After the dyeing process, the fabric was subjected to washing and light fastness. The remarkable degree of levelness and brightness of the synthesized acid dye on the nylon fabric is of good penetration, excellent affinity and very good fastness properties.
Abstract: Natural dyes are derived from natural sources such as plants, animals and minerals. They are mostly non-substantive and can be applied on textiles materials by using mordants. Synthetic dyes are derived from organic or inorganic compound. They are cheaper, offer a vast range of new colour and impart better properties to textile materials. Synthetic...
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Effect of Non-uniform Convection on Entropy Generation and Enthalpy for the Laminar Developing Pipe Flow of a High Prandtl Number Fluid
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
69-78
Received:
1 September 2019
Accepted:
29 September 2019
Published:
19 November 2019
Abstract: In a boundary wall of a pipe for developed laminar flow, to find the best example in which the least enthalpy and entropy are created, non-uniform distribution of convective flow in wall is studied. Some factors are simulated for transfer coefficient heat variations of moving the pipe. Distribution of temperature, entropy and enthalpy along the radius and distribution of generated entropy and enthalpy along the tube axis are shown. Entropy and enthalpy are reduced along the axis. Entropy, except some areas close to the wall, is increasing along the radius. Temperature and enthalpy, approaching the wall along the radius, have increased.
Abstract: In a boundary wall of a pipe for developed laminar flow, to find the best example in which the least enthalpy and entropy are created, non-uniform distribution of convective flow in wall is studied. Some factors are simulated for transfer coefficient heat variations of moving the pipe. Distribution of temperature, entropy and enthalpy along the rad...
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